一种新型防护结构对爆炸冲击波衰减特性的研究

运用大型有限元软件LS—DYNA,在相同爆炸冲击波作用下,对洞库口部普通钢板防护门和有泡沫铝夹层的钢板防护门两种防护结构的隔爆性能进行了数值模拟和对比分析,结果表明:有泡沫铝夹层的钢板防护门对爆炸冲击波有着良好的衰减特性。同时表明该新型防护结构对洞库口部抗爆炸冲击波设计有着很高的参考价值。     

T型坑道中爆炸冲击波传播规律的数值模拟

为了确定地下坑道中防护门上的冲击波荷载,首先需要弄清爆炸冲击波在坑道中的传播衰减规律.在模型坑道爆炸实验数据验证的基础上,应用数值模拟方法研究了T型坑道中爆炸冲击波的传播衰减规律.通过大量不同模型尺寸、不同炸药药量的数值模拟,得到了T型坑道中平面冲击波的形成位置,提出了爆炸冲击波通过T型坑道拐弯时新的冲击波压力衰减系数...     

浅水爆炸特性数值模拟研究

为对浅水爆炸的荷载特性进行研究,首先采用LS-DYNA建立的浅水爆炸三维数值模拟模型对浅水爆炸的冲击波传播与气泡脉动进行了模拟,通过与经验计算公式对比验证了模型的可信性;然后,对浅水爆炸的荷载特点和分布规律进行了分析,并初步探究了水面及水底的影响规律,得到如下结论:LS-DYNA可实现浅水爆炸的有效模拟,模拟结果符合理论形态,且计算得到的荷载峰压和比冲量等特性参数与经验公式吻合良好。浅水爆炸荷载峰压在冲击波传播阶段出现,气泡脉动阶段荷载的比冲量则明显高于冲击波传播阶段,在浅水爆炸毁伤效应研究中,以上两个阶段均需考虑。炸药起爆深度附近及其以下水域为浅水爆炸荷载的主要作用区域。水面反射稀疏波和水底反射冲击波的峰压和衰减时间与冲击波相近;随着爆深增加,反射波对水面及水底附近位置影响增大,对水域中间位置的影响先减小后增大。     

坑道截面形状对爆炸冲击波传播规律的影响

为研究坑道截面形状对爆炸冲击波传播规律的影响,设计了 4种截面积相等但形状不同的坑道结构,利用有限元仿真软件对5 kg TNT球形裸装药在坑道内爆炸产生的冲击波传播过程进行了数值模拟,得到了圆形坑道内冲击波的传播规律以及不同截面形状对冲击波参数的影响规律.圆形坑道内冲击波超压峰值和比冲量的初始值最大,衰减最快;随着传播...     

UHMWPE纤维织物复合靶板抗弹性能研究

为研究不同织物结构的高性能纤维材料复合时的抗弹性能,采用超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE)纤维单向无纬(Unidirectional,UD)布及2维(2D)织物制备UD布/2D织物复合靶板,并根据GA141-2010标准对其进行靶试试验。结果表明:UD布/2D织物的复合结构能够有效抵御7.62 mm手枪弹侵彻,且2D织物部分在弹丸侵彻之后纤维并未被严重破坏,将其与UD布复合后,有利于抵御多发弹的侵彻。     

不同材料壳体装药在空气中爆炸威力试验研究

为评估装药壳体材料对爆炸毁伤威力的影响,对裸装药、碳纤维复合壳体、钢壳体装药在空气中的爆炸破坏效应进行了试验研究,试验获得了3种装药冲击波超压曲线.试验结果表明,同样装药情况下,裸装药爆炸冲击渡超压大于带壳装药,碳纤维复合材料壳体装药爆炸产生的冲击波超压相对钢壳体装药高,且不会产生破片对远距离目标造成破坏;而钢壳体装药爆炸产生的破片对远距离目标具有一定的杀伤效应.     

炸药冲击波激励气体辐射的数值模拟

建立了炸药冲击波激励气体辐射的物理模型和数学模型。用MMIC - 2D软件对爆炸过程进行了模拟计算。分析了冲击波作用下气体的流动特性 ,并给出了爆炸全场的密度分布及随时间的变化规律     

水下爆炸载荷作用下夹芯圆柱壳的动态响应

采用有限元数值模拟方法,对夹芯圆柱壳在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应进行了分析.在夹芯防护层质量给定的情况下,通过对不同夹芯层相对密度下内部圆柱壳体获得的最大加速度进行比较,得出了最优的夹芯层相对密度.同时,还对内部圆柱壳体的等效应力和夹芯层的变形进行了分析.研究结果表明:夹芯防护层对爆炸冲击波有较好的衰减作用,且对里面的圆柱壳体起到了较好的保护作用,具有优异的抗冲击防护特性.     

模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸实验与数值仿真研究

对模拟油罐内油气混合物爆炸冲击波特性进行了研究.在直径为1 m的模拟油罐中进行了油气混合物爆炸模拟实验,建立了模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸的数值仿真模型,并借助大型商业软件Fluent6.2完成了数值仿真研究.数值仿真结果与实验值较为吻合.模拟实验和数值仿真研究的结果表明:油气体积分数、罐内初始温度等决定模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸压力的大小.油罐内爆炸压力波的振荡特性对金属油罐结构来说是有害的.     

冲击波载荷作用下固支正交各向异性薄板挠度特性分析

根据能量原理,采用层合板理论和薄板大变形理论,对四边固支的矩形正交铺层的纤维增强复合材料薄板在爆炸冲击波作用下的弹性大变形进行理论分析,得到了层合板的最大挠度计算公式。有限元数值模拟计算表明,理论计算结果与有限元数值模拟的结果吻合较好,因此该方法可用来对复合材料板在弹性范围内的最大挠度进行预测,同时认为根据薄板的最大挠度,可以计算板的应力(应变)分布和复合材料板失效时的爆炸载荷。     

Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/ aramid woven laminates

High-performance ballistic fibers, such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density, high tensile strength and high specific modulus. However, their low modulus in the thickness direction and insufficient shear strength limits their application in certain ballistic structure. In contrast, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (CFRP) have the characteristics of high modulus in the thickness direction and high shear resistance. However, carbon fibers are rarely used and applied for protection purposes. A hybridization with aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites (AFRP) and CFRP has the potential to improve the stiffness and the ballistic property of the typical ballistic fiber composites. The hybrid effects on the flexural property and ballistic performance of the hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were investigated. Through conducting mechanical property tests and ballistic tests, two sets of reliable simulation parameters for AFRP and CFRP were established using LS-DYNA software, respectively. The experimental results suggested that by increasing the content of CFRP that the flexural properties of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were enhanced. The ballistic tests’ results and the simulation illustrated that the specific energy absorption by the perforation method of CFRP achieved 77.7% of AFRP. When CFRP was on the striking face, the shear resistance of the laminates and the resistance force to the projectiles was promoted at the initial penetration stage. The proportion of fiber tensile failures in the AFRP layers was also enhanced with the addition of CFRP during the penetration process. These improvements resulted in the ballistic performance of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates was better than AFRP when the CFRP content was 20 wt% and 30 wt%.     

A comprehensive review on material selection for polymer matrix composites subjected to impact load

Polymer matrix composites (PMC) are extensively been used in many engineering applications. Various natural fibers have emerged as potential replacements to synthetic fibers as reinforcing materials composites owing to their fairly better mechanical properties, low cost, environment friendliness and biodegradability. Selection of appropriate constituents of composites for a particular application is a tedious task for a designer/engineer. Impact loading has emerged as the serious threat for the composites used in structural or secondary structural application and demands the usage of appropriate fiber and matrix combination to enhance the energy absorption and mitigate the failure. The objective of the present review is to explore the composite with various fiber and matrix combination used for impact applications, identify the gap in the literature and suggest the potential naturally available fiber and matrix combination of composites for future work in the field of impact loading. The novelty of the present study lies in exploring the combination of naturally available fiber and matrix combination which can help in better energy absorption and mitigate the failure when subjected to impact loading. In addition, the application of multi attributes decision making (MADM) tools is demonstrated for selection of fiber and matrix materials which can serve as a benchmark study for the researchers in future.     

抗超高速撞击多层结构复合材料研究

本文介绍了抗超高速撞击多层结构复合材料的设计、制备和实验,并对结果进行了讨论,实验证明,以SiC陶瓷基复合材料为防护层、以空心微珠或多孔变密度复合材料为缓冲层、以编织物复合材料为结构层的多层结构复合材料,具有面密度低、抗撞击速度范围宽、抗撞击性能好的特点。     

Shock wave mitigation using zig-zag structures and cylindrical obstructions

The present study focuses on the mitigation of shock wave using novel geometric passages in the flow field. The strategy is to produce multiple shock reflections and diffractions in the passage with minimum flow obstruction, which in turn is expected to reduce the shock wave strength at the target location. In the present study the interaction of a plane shock front (generated from a shock tube) with various geometric designs such as, 1) zig-zag geometric passage, 2) staggered cylindrical obstructions and 3) zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions have been investigated using computational technique. It is seen from the numerical simulation that, among the various designs, the maximum shock attenuation is produced by the zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions which is then followed by zig-zag passage and staggered cylindrical obstructions. A comprehensive investigation on the shock wave reflection and diffraction phenomena happening in the proposed complex passages have also been carried out. In the new zig-zag design, the initial shock wave undergoes shock wave reflection and diffraction process which swaps alternatively as the shock front moves from one turn to the other turn. This cyclic shock reflection and diffraction process helps in diffusing the shock wave energy with practically no obstruction to the flow field. It is found that by combining the shock attenuation ability of zig-zag passage (using shock reflection and diffraction) with the shock attenuation ability of cylindrical blocks (by flow obstruction), a drastic attenuation in shock strength can be achieved with moderate level of flow blocking.     

石英纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料研究

对苯并(啞心)嗪树脂应用于RTM工艺制备石英纤维增强复合材料进行了研究.系统考察了该树脂的工艺性能及力学性能,制备并测试了石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料的力学性能及耐烧蚀性能,并将相关性能与钡酚醛与石英/钡酚醛进行了比较.结果表明,在85℃～145℃温度区间内苯并(啞心)嗪树脂粘度保持在800mPa·s以下,树脂具有较宽的低粘度温度平台和较长的低粘度保持时间.力学性能及耐烧蚀性能研究表明,石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料的层间剪切强达到了61.5MPa,拉伸强度和弯曲强度显著优于石英,钡酚醛复合材料,质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为0.0510g·s-1和0.032mm·s-1.石英/苯并(啞心)嗪复合材料是一种可采用RTM工艺制备的耐烧蚀材料.     

Modeling of the whole process of shock wave overpressure of free-field air explosion

The waveform of the explosion shock wave under free-field air explosion is an extremely complex problem. It is generally considered that the waveform consists of overpressure peak, positive pressure zone and negative pressure zone. Most of current practice usually considers only the positive pressure. Many empirical relations are available to predict overpressure peak, the positive pressure action time and pressure decay law. However, there are few models that can predict the whole waveform. The whole process of explosion shock wave overpressure, which was expressed as the product of the three factor functions of peak, attenuation and oscillation, was proposed in the present work. According to the principle of explosion similarity, the scaled parameters were introduced and the empirical formula was absorbed to form a mathematical model of shock wave overpressure. Parametric numerical simulations of free-field air explosions were conducted. By experimental verification of the AUTODYN numerical method and comparing the analytical and simulated curves, the model is proved to be accurate to calculate the shock wave overpressure under free-field air explosion. In addition, through the model the shock wave overpressure at different time and distance can be displayed in three dimensions. The model makes the time needed for theoretical calculation much less than that for numerical simulation.     

Effect of organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay on mechanical,thermal and ablation behavior of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites

The mechanical, thermal and ablation properties of carbon phenolic (C-Ph) composites (Type-I) rein-forced with different weight percentages of organo-modified montmorillonite (o-MMT) nanoclay have been studied experimentally. Ball milling was used to disperse different weight (wt) percentages (0, 1,2,4,6 wt.％) of nanoclay into phenolic resin. Viscosity changes to resin due to nanoclay was studied. On the other hand, nanoclay added phenolic matrix composites (Type-II) were prepared to study the dispersion of nanoclay in phenolic matrix by small angle X-ray scattering and thermal stability changes to the matrix by thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). This data was used to understand the mechanical, thermal and ablation properties of Type-I composites. Inter laminar shear strength (ILSS), flexural strength and flexural modulus of Type I composites increased by about 29％, 12％and 7％respectively at 2 wt.％ addition of nanoclay beyond which these properties decreased. This was attributed to reduced fiber volume fraction (％Vf) of Type-I composites due to nanoclay addition at such high loadings. Mass ablation rate of Type-I composites was evaluated using oxy acetylene torch test at low heat flux (125 W/cm2) and high heat flux levels (500 W/cm2). Mass ablation rates have increased at both flux levels marginally up to 2 wt.％ addition of nanoclay beyond which it has increased significantly. This is in contrast to increased thermal stability observed for Type-I and Type-Ⅱ composites up to 2 wt.％addition of nanoclay. Increased ablation rates due to nanoclay addition was attributed to higher insulation effi-ciency of nanolcay, which accumulates more heat energy in limited area behind the ablation front and self-propagating ablation mechanisms triggered by thermal decomposition of organic part of nanoclay.     

基于水下脉冲放电的冲击波聚焦实验研究

冲击波的聚焦可以在聚焦区域形成局部较高的压力.基于能产生较强冲击波的水中脉冲放电声源和具有会聚作用的旋转椭球面反射罩建立了水下冲击波聚焦系统,开展了水下冲击波聚焦的实验研究,分析了水下冲击波的聚焦过程.对压力历史、轴线上的压力分布及峰值压力进行了分析,研究了旋转椭球面反射罩的聚焦特性.实验发现聚焦区域会产生负压,并导致局部空化.基于冲击动力学理论对这一现象进行了分析.实验结果表明,水下冲击波聚焦系统具有显著的聚焦效果.     

Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土基本力学性能研究

研究了一种由超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土基本力学性能。针对C70等级高强混凝土,设计了四种体积掺量纤维混凝土,通过立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉和四点弯曲抗折试验,分析了纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维对混凝土的抗压强度增强作用不明显,但较大提高了混凝土的抗拉强度和抗折强度,且对混凝土有很好的阻裂、增韧效果。在纤维体积掺量为0.3%~0.5%时,劈裂抗拉强度提高25%以上;掺量0.5%时,弯曲抗折强度提高率超过23%。