基于证据理论与多模型结合的模拟电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路故障诊断中单一诊断模型诊断结果模糊性与不确定性较大的不足,基于信息融合原理,提出一种结合神经网络、支持向量机(SVM)与DS证据理论的综合诊断模型。在分析了传统BP神经网络与支持向量机的缺点后,分别用改进的免疫遗传算法和粒子群算法对其进行结构优化。利用两种模型的初步诊断结果进行DS证据理论的基本概率分配(BPA),得到证据理论的两个证据体。采用DS融合算法进行决策层融合诊断,定位故障元件。仿真验证表明,该方法可以有效提高故障诊断的准确率,避免了单一诊断模型的偶然性与不确定性。     

一种改进的保障信息融合模型

针对D-S证据理论难以处理高冲突证据信息,而DSmT理论融合效率不高的问题,在分析D-S证据理论和DSmT理论优缺点的基础上,提出将两种算法组合使用的思想,并据此设计了保障信息融合模型。模型以证据信息间的冲突程度为依据,实现了融合算法的自动选择。仿真验证表明,混合模型在有效实现高冲突证据融合的同时,兼顾了融合算法的效率,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

基于DS/AHP的贝叶斯网络条件概率值确定方法

针对多状态复杂系统贝叶斯网络条件概率赋值难以确定的问题,提出了一种基于DS证据理论/层次分析法(DS evidence theory/analytic hierarchy process,DS/AHP)的算法对不确定性信息进行融合处理。在对问题进行充分分析的基础上,提出了用于专家决策的判断标准,构建了融合多位专家经验信息的知识矩阵。以3节点贝叶斯网络模型为例,参照决策判断标准,依据域内专家经验知识构建知识矩阵,通过求解特征值、特征向量,确定了隶属于各个状态的基本概率分配值,应用DS证据理论进行了融合处理。并对DS/AHP方法的最大不确定度、最小不确定度进行了定量分析,验证了该方法的准确性与合理性。     

基于AHP-PCR5的多传感器目标识别

目标识别系统中所获得的信息常常是高度冲突和不确定的。基于DSmT理论的多传感器目标识别,可以解决证据高度冲突情况下的信息融合问题。然而由于DSmT理论融合结果分类精细而不利于判决,需要将某些分类结果进行重新分配。层次分析法(AHP)包含不确定知识矩阵,生成基本信度分配函数。基于此提出AHP-PCR5方法进行证据高度冲突情况下多传感器综合目标识别,不仅提高识别精度,降低识别过程的不确定因素,同时引入折扣系数灵活处理识别过程中具有不同可信度的多传感器融合问题。     

一种新的基于DSmT的合成公式

DSmT是一种有用的不确定推理方法,能较好地解决强冲突情况下的信息融合问题.由于其在组合规则方面存在不足,影响了DSmT的应用.提出了一种新的合成方法,即在保留冲突焦元的基础上对支持证据冲突的概率进行重新分配.仿真分析表明,新的合成公式提高了目标识别的准确性,对于高度冲突的证据,也能够取得理想的合成结果.     

一种基于加权DSmT的序列图像目标识别方法

通过对自动目标识别系统研究与分析,将DSmT引入到飞机序列图像识别中,构建基本置信指派及分类规则,提出了一种基于加权DSmT的序列图像目标识别方法,在分析权值选择特点的基础上,根据特征信息的置信指派组合有效权值,并且给出了基于加权DSmT融合规则的序列图像目标识别的流程,仿真结果表明,该方法提高了序列图像目标识别的准确性.     

基于改进DS理论多周期数据融合的目标识别方法

为了应对复杂战场环境下信息不确定性及证据冲突造成目标识别困难的问题,解决配准关联错误及应答欺骗产生的误识别问题,减小融合算法对先验数据的依赖,提出了一种基于改进DS证据理论的多周期多传感器数据融合方法以实现高效的战场目标识别。方法采用4个层级,两个方面的多传感器数据融合结构,在改进DS证据理论处理性能的同时,充分利用多个周期识别结果的融合实现最终目标识别。仿真结果表明,该方法在提高目标识别准确性的同时,能够有效解决目标密集和应答欺骗造成的目标误识别问题。     

贝叶斯融合方法在武器小子样试验中的应用

在小子样武器试验中利用贝叶斯融合理论对其参数进行评估,分析了贝叶斯理论基础和应用条件。在此基础上,建立了融合算法模型,经过仿真验证,在小子样试验中,该方法是提高评估置信度和精度的一种有效途径。     

用于目标跟踪的分布式融合结构和算法

现代监视系统经常利用多物理分布的不同类型的传感器,提供对目标的辅助和重叠作用范围。为生成目标航迹和估计,传感器数据需要加以融合。虽然集中式处理方法在理论上是最佳的,但把融合操作分布到多个处理节点有很多优点。本文讨论了分布式融合结构,每个节点处理它自己的一组传感器数据并与其他节点进行通信以改进估计。引入信息图形作为模拟分布式融合系统的信息流和发展算法的一种方法。目标跟踪融合包含两种主要操作方式:估计和互连。基于信息图形的分布式估计算法用于任意融合结构并与线性和非线性分布估计结果有关。根据跟踪到跟踪互连似然估计,讨论了分布式数据互连问题。介绍了两种流行跟踪算法的分布式方式(联合概率数据互连和多假设跟踪)并给出应用实例。     

基于CZT算法的水声扩频多普勒匹配方法

阐述了基于DS/SS(直接序列扩频)的高分辨率扩频自导声纳系统的一种多普勒匹配方法。通过理论分析和仿真计算,证明基于CZT多普勒频偏匹配算法可以在极低信噪比条件下有效估计多普勒频偏和目标速度。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.