多点偏心起爆对破片速度增益的影响

多点偏心起爆后,爆轰波相互作用在定向区域内产生了马赫波超压,使得该区域破片速度产生增益.利用爆轰波反射理论,建立多点偏心起爆后爆轰波相互作用特性的理论模型,并确定定向区内破片速度的增益特性.3种不同起爆方式的仿真计算和静爆试验结果对比表明,定向区内不同起爆方式得到的破片增益程度较为吻合.     

起爆方式对子母式战斗部破片速度影响的数值分析

为研究起爆方式对子母式战斗部破片速度分布及增益的影响,利用LS-DYNA软件对子母式战斗部的爆炸进行了数值模拟,并就不同起爆方式对破片速度分布及增益的变化进行了对比分析与研究.结果表明,两端同时偏心起爆的方式为最优起爆方式,破片速度增益最大;其次是偏心线起爆;最后是一端偏心起爆,可为战斗部设计提供参考.     

圆柱形装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散特性

为了增强柱形战斗部轴向威力,在无壳柱形战斗部底面布置单层离散的预制破片。开展圆柱形TNT装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散试验,获得预制破片的最大初速、飞散角等特征参数;运用LS-DYNA软件对装药驱动预制破片过程进行数值模拟,阐述预制破片群飞散过程;对装药驱动整体平板理论计算公式进行改进,获得预制破片的最大初速。结果表明:破片初速理论计算结果、数值计算结果和试验结果吻合良好;随着与装药底部中心距离的加大,破片初速、径向飞散角分别近似呈“抛物线”减小、增大;试验实测、理论计算得到的破片最大初速值超过2500 m/s,试验实测的径向飞散角最大约为22°,而周向飞散角则普遍较小,均值在5°以内。     

起爆位置对爆炸作用影响的研究

本文用非线性动力学有限元方法分析不同起爆位置条件下,圆柱形装药爆炸时壳体的动力学响应。文章是在文献［２］的基础上,进一步分析计算端面两点对称起爆和端面两点偏心起爆的爆炸作用结果,并用比较的方法阐述起爆位置对爆炸作用动力学的影响。对计算结果的分析表明,起爆位置对爆炸作用有显著的影响。     

不同材料壳体装药在空气中爆炸威力试验研究

为评估装药壳体材料对爆炸毁伤威力的影响,对裸装药、碳纤维复合壳体、钢壳体装药在空气中的爆炸破坏效应进行了试验研究,试验获得了3种装药冲击波超压曲线.试验结果表明,同样装药情况下,裸装药爆炸冲击渡超压大于带壳装药,碳纤维复合材料壳体装药爆炸产生的冲击波超压相对钢壳体装药高,且不会产生破片对远距离目标造成破坏;而钢壳体装药爆炸产生的破片对远距离目标具有一定的杀伤效应.     

炸药装药在压剪加载下的起爆特点

进行了两类压剪加载实验：（１）利用石英的平面正碰撞产生压剪加载的实验,采用电磁质速法测试装药试件内部不同质点的运动情况,分析炸药装药中发生化学反应的可能性;（２）在压剪炮上采用平行倾斜碰撞产生压剪加载的实验,观测炸药装药爆炸的可能性。由实验可以看出：在亚爆轰状态的压缩加载应力条件下,剪切的联合作用对炸药的起爆起到敏化作用,适当比例的压剪加载造成更加敏感的炸药起爆响应。文中给出了起爆响应规律和响应机制的实验分析。     

装药结构对破片初速影响特性

为了满足低附带战斗部的毁伤效果,将炸药与破片混合形成新型混合装药模式。在混合装药模式中,为了研究不同装药结构对破片初速的影响特性,设计了3种不同装药结构并进行数值模拟和试验;对比发现,数值模拟与试验结果规律吻合,破片的初速与装药结构有一定的关系。根据试验数据拟合了3种不同装药结构中破片最大速度曲线对比图,通过分析得出:不同装药结构中,炸药与破片分层越多,爆轰瞬间,相邻炸药所产生爆轰效果会发生叠加,爆轰波对破片的驱动效果会增强,则破片的初速也就越大。     

钨合金(碳化钨)柱形预制破片战斗部对均质钢甲的毁伤效能分析

针对现代战争的需要,特别是对战场轻型装甲的攻击需要,基于预制破片技术,以柱形杆(钨合金)预制破片为对象建立物理模型,对其破片尺寸、装药形式及尺寸的相互关系进行分析,进而通过引入TBM战斗部设计的关系式对所建模型的破片进行速度预报,依照该速度按照侵彻理论推算其对均质钢甲的毁伤效能。结合分析结果指出了柱形杆(钨合金)预制破片战斗部在攻击均制钢甲方面的优点。     

榴弹杀伤破片质量分布的探讨

根据圆柱形装药爆炸后的试验结果,推导出榴弹杀伤破片质量分布计算公式.目的是测算武警部队常用榴弹破片的数量和质量.     

破片式战斗部空中爆炸下冲击波与破片先后作用的临界爆距研究

为探讨破片式战斗部空中爆炸下冲击波与破片的先后作用机制,通过分析冲击波和破片在空气中的运动规律,在考虑壳体对冲击波强度的影响下,建立了冲击波与破片先后作用临界爆距的理论计算模型,并进行了实例分析。实例分析验证了理论模型的合理性和有效性。在此基础上,对临界爆距的影响因素进行了讨论,发现战斗部装填系数、装药类型以及壳体厚度对临界爆距的影响较大,而破片质量和形状对临界爆距的影响较小;随装填系数、装药爆热和爆速、破片质量的增大,临界爆距值均相应减小;随着壳体厚度和破片形状不规则度的提高,临界爆距值相应增大。     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.     

Numerical simulation study on penetration performance of depleted Uranium (DU) alloy fragments

Due to its high strength, high density, high hardness and good penetration capabilities, Depleted ura-nium alloys have already shined in armor-piercing projectiles. There should also be a lot of room for improvement in the application of fragment killing elements. Therefore, regarding the performance of the depleted uranium alloy to penetrate the target plate, further investigation is needed to analyze its advantages and disadvantages compared to tungsten alloy. To study the difference in penetration per-formance between depleted uranium alloy and tungsten alloy fragments,firstly, a theoretical analysis of the adiabatic shear sensitivity of DU and tungsten alloys was given from the perspective of material constitutive model. Then, taking the cylindrical fragment penetration target as the research object, the penetration process and velocity characteristics of the steel target plates penetrated by DU alloy frag-ment and tungsten alloy fragment were compared and analyzed, by using finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Lagrange algorithm. Lastly, the influence of different postures when impacting target and different fragment shapes on the penetration results is carried out in the research. The results show that in the penetration process of the DU and tungsten alloy fragments, the self-sharpening properties of the DU alloy can make the fragment head sharper and the penetrating ability enhance. Under the same conditions, the penetration capability of cylindrical fragment impacting target in vertical posture is better than that in horizontal posture, and the penetration capability of the spherical fragment is slightly better than that of cylindrical fragment.     

Experimental studies of explosion energy output with different igniter mass

For study the energy output law of cylindrical charge with shell induced by different input energies, four different black powder masses were selected to ignite the main charge. Fragmentation degree of the shell was qualitatively analyzed by the area of holes on the witness plate and the recovered fragments mass. Through theoretical analysis, established the functional relationship between the average mass of fragments and the relative energy output of warhead, obtained how the relative energy output of charge changed with different initial energy input. The results showed that the change of input energy could lead to obvious variation in fragment characteristics, and could also control the output of charge. When the igniter mass increases from 1.55 g to 5.00 g, the relative energy output of the charge increases by 26.28%. Excessive initial input energy will destroy the shell confine in advance, resulting in a decrease in the relative energy output of charge.     

Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

基于一步延时的航迹起始改进算法

针对现有多目标航迹起始算法工程实践性不强的特点,研究了一种基于一步延时的航迹起始算法,并在分析该算法的基础上,针对该算法计算量随目标数目增加而成指数增长的不足,对其算法进行了改进,提出了一种双重滤波的一步延时的航迹起始算法。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了航迹的正确起始概率,减少了计算量,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

Deformation,fragmentation and acceleration of a controlled fragmentation charge casing

Two different finite element software, LS-DYNA and Impetus, have been evaluated to test their ability to predict the deformation, fragmentation and acceleration of a controlled fragmentation charge casing. The general-purpose program LS-DYNA was used with a multi-material ALE formulation and a mass-preserving erosion criterion coupled to a Johnson-Cook fracture criterion. In the Impetus simulations, a third order Lagrangian element formulation was used for the casing and a node-splitting element erosion treatment coupled to a Cockcroft-Latham failure criterion was used to describe casing fracture. The high-explosive gases were described by a discrete particle formalism.In order to acquire data to validate our computational tools and constitutive models, a series of experiments have been performed using a laboratory charge with an internal grooved casing. In the test series, the charge geometry was fixed except that the groove depth were varied from very shallow to very deep resulting in different deformation patterns, fracture modes and terminal velocities. Various diagnostic tools captured the different stages of the expansion and fragmentation of the casing. A high-speed framing camera depicted the deformation pattern before fragmentation and was used to determine the moment when the casing failed. Three different complementary techniques were used to follow the acceleration of the fragments; a Photon Doppler velocimetry to determine the initial acceleration of the casing, double exposed radiographs to estimate the fragment velocity after break-up and a high-speed video to determine the terminal velocity of the fragment after leaving the fireball. In addition, the fragments were soft recovered in a set of sawdust pit tests and their final shape and weight were measured. A SEM was used to characterise the fracture surfaces and to determine the modus of fracture (tensile or shear failure).Comparisons to experiments show that both software can predict the change in deformation behaviour when the groove depth increases, from tangential necking for shallow grooves to radial punching for deep groves. Both software could also reasonable well predict the acceleration of the fragments, though both overestimates the terminal velocity for the charge with the deepest grooves.