基于模糊层次分析法的非致命防暴弹作战效能评估

针对非致命防暴弹作战效能评估的问题,运用模糊理论进行了探索。首先,立足于非致命防暴弹的本质特性,提出了其作战效能评估指标体系。然后,运用层次分析法给指标体系的各因素分配权重,应用模糊理论区分定性指标和定量指标,确定模糊评判矩阵。最后,引入打分法,用加权平均算法来量化作战效能。并通过实例分析给出的非致命防暴弹作战效能的分数值,比较了两种型号种类的非致命防暴弹作战效能的优劣,得出了符合实际情况的结果。     

防暴动能弹发展现状及趋势分析

针对群体性事件呈多发、高发的态势,为提高防暴动能弹的作战效能,科学预测非致命动能弹丸的发展趋势,对防暴动能弹的发展历程进行了梳理,初步界定了硬质弹丸、橡胶弹丸、布袋弹丸和复合型弹丸四个发展阶段,通过剖析典型冲击损伤案例分析了不同类型动能弹丸的损伤特性,明确了防暴动能弹的冲击损伤谱,进一步通过对不同类型动能弹丸结构特性的...     

某型38mm动能布袋弹设计

在对现有非致命防暴弹的缺陷及动能布袋弹的优势进行深入分析的基础上，提出了38mm动能布袋弹研制的必要性。设计的新型弹丸和弹托，能获得较高弹丸出口速度和精度，利用防暴弹低伸弹道方程计算了弹丸各点的速度和比动能，计算结果与实验测速基本相符，证实了方程指导设计的可行性。其中所采用的一些关键技术、设计思想和计算公式对其他非致命弹种的设计，有一定的指导意义。     

复合型非致命动能弹冲击能量耗散特性数值模拟

非致命动能弹药应用广泛,传统型非致命动能弹常常发生过度伤害的问题,研发新一代兼具安全性和有效性的复合型非致命动能弹很有必要。为了揭示复合型非致命动能弹致伤机理,评估其对人体的冲击损伤,通过数值模拟的方法,比较传统型非致命动能弹与复合型非致命动能弹以相同速度冲击靶标以及复合型非致命动能弹以不同速度冲击靶标所获得的数据,深入分析复合型非致命动能弹冲击能量耗散特性,为我国自主研发新一代非致命动能弹药提供一定参考。     

97式18.4 mm动能痛块弹终点效应实验

为了促进防暴动能武器及其弹药有效发挥作用,有必要对其终点效应进行系统科学的研究.以97式18.4 mm动能痛块弹为例,在分析动能弹丸对人体目标作用机理的基础上,通过建立实验射击平台,选用明胶模拟靶标,利用高速摄影记录系统,进行了该弹在不同射击距离上的终点效应实验.经过实验数据分析和误差修正,结合国外相关研究成果,得到该型号动能弹实际有效作用范围是30 m～45 m,较为理想的非致命终点效应值是打击比动能8.2 J/cm2,为该类防暴武器及弹药的科学使用及优化改进提供帮助.     

基于ODI方法的防暴动能弹钝击效应影响因素分析

为提高防暴动能弹的设计安全性和使用安全性,需要确定影响其钝击效应的关键因素,并区分因素属性,采用基于OWA算子集成DEMATEL-ISM的方法(ODI方法),构建因素间的递阶层次结构模型,确定冲击加速度、冲击位移是影响防暴动能弹钝击效应的关键因素,比动能、动能为底层原因因素。研究结论对防暴动能弹钝击效应致伤标准制定和损伤等级评定具有借鉴意义。     

防暴动能弹侵彻靶板仿真

文章论述了利用显式动力有限元程序LS-DYNA模拟防暴动能弹对靶体的侵彻过程,得到的仿真结果与应用侵彻经验公式(W.S.Chang公式)计算结果符合得较好,表明这种方法具有计算动能弹侵彻问题的能力,对防暴动能弹研究具有一定参考意义.     

非致命微波武器综合效能评估

针对非致命微波武器效能评估问题,通过分析影响非致命微波武器效能的关键因素,建立了非致命微波武器评价指标体系,提出了非致命微波武器效能的评估方法。采用一致性排序法确定各个指标的分配权重,并将Vague集应用到效能评估中,利用加权贴近度表征非致命微波武器效能的评估值。得到评估结果与实际情况相符,为国内非致命微波武器发展提供了理论依据。     

电击武器非致命效能评估

提出了电击武器非致命效能的评估方法,分析了影响电击武器非致命效能的关键因素,建立了电击武器非致命效能评估指标体系,采用定性分析和定量计算相结合,将模糊评判法应用到电击武器非致命效能评估中,确定了模糊评判矩阵,建立了评估模型。比较了3种不同类型电击武器的非致命效能,得出了符合实际情况的结果,为电击武器的发展应用提供了辅助决策的依据。     

非致命激光武器综合效能评估

非致命激光武器是采用低能激光使目标暂时丧失战斗力的一种战术武器,通过对影响非致命激光武器综合效能关键因素的分析,建立了非致命激光武器的综合效能评价核心指标体系,提出了非致命激光武器综合效能的评估方法,采用最优传递矩阵改进层次分析方法确定各指标的相对权重,运用灰色层次分析法对非致命激光武器的综合效能进行了评估,为非致命激光武器的研发和实际应用提供了理论支持。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.