导弹打击复杂形状面目标毁伤面积解析算法

计算导弹打击复杂形状面目标有效毁伤面积是火力运用过程中的一个关键问题.复杂形状面目标可以用任意多边形描述.有效毁伤面积等于毁伤圆与多边形目标区域重叠部分面积.此问题通常用数值算法计算.在毁伤区域边界上计算环路积分,可以用解析算法解决此问题.算例表明,该算法运算量小,计算结果准确可靠.     

多枚导弹打击复杂形状面目标毁伤面积解析算法

计算多枚导弹打击复杂形状面目标有效毁伤面积是火力运用过程中的一个关键问题.复杂形状面目标可以用任意多边形描述.有效毁伤面积等于多枚导弹联合覆盖区域与多边形目标区域重叠部分面积.此问题通常用数值算法计算.在有效毁伤区域边界上计算环路积分,可以用解析算法解决此问题.算例表明,该解析算法运算量小,计算结果准确可靠.     

舰空导弹毁伤目标所需弹耗量评估

舰空导弹毁伤目标所需的弹耗量是一个随机变量，提出了舰空导弹毁伤目标所需的平均弹耗量计算方法，计算舰空导弹毁伤单个目标、疏散目标、密集目标所需的平均弹耗量。示例分析表明，该计算方法简便易行，可为舰空导弹火力运用提供决策支持。     

导弹打击三角形目标命中概率计算方法

对目标的命中概率计算问题是导弹火力运用中的基本问题,而复杂面目标可以分解成多个三角形目标。以数值积分法为基础,利用圆覆盖函数的计算方法,推导了导弹打击三角形目标命中概率的计算公式,提出了利用高斯-勒让德积分法进行积分计算的方法,并通过算例证明,该计算方法在命中概率问题的求解中具有更高的可靠性和精度。算法可应用于计算任意多边形目标的命中概率计算问题,具有一定的通用性。     

目标毁伤幅员的炮兵营火力毁伤效能评估及应用

毁伤效能是武器系统最重要的性能指标之一,提出了基于目标毁伤幅员的炮兵营火力毁伤效能评估方法。该方法回避了计算弹药毁伤幅员重叠面积的数学难题,能够为作战指挥员提供毁伤目标百分数的数学期望、目标群幅员内毁伤概率分布、弹药消耗量等重要数据。算例表明,该方法运算量小,通用性强,计算结果准确可靠,可作为指挥员火力毁伤决策依据,对目标防护也有一定的参考价值。     

一种快速确定导弹火力需求量的方法

快速火力需求分析是武器装备使用与保障所面临的重要问题.基于打击单目标情况,首先引入毁伤概率作为导弹火力需求指标,提出了考虑射程影响时的3种CEP快速计算模型,并利用概率论与飞行器试验统计的相关知识建立了一套比较完善的确定导弹火力需求量的方法.最后的计算结果表明该方法是行之有效的.     

火炮模拟终端对目标毁伤定量计算研究

计算火炮毁伤半径及对目标毁伤程度是实兵对抗训练系统的重要研究内容之一,对实兵对抗训练中火力毁伤建模具有重要意义。根据实际项目应用情况,提出一种火炮对目标毁伤定量计算方法,该方法通过计算炮弹爆炸时产生的冲击波超压,进而计算火炮毁伤半径及对目标产生的毁伤程度,提高了模拟火力打击的可信度和科学性,能较准确地体现火炮模拟终端在实兵对抗训练中火力打击的作用,贴近实战。     

舰载火箭炮对岸射击效力评估

在对岸作战过程中,舰载火箭炮是不可缺少的重要压制武器.针对舰载火箭炮射击特点,在分析了射击误差的基础上,提出了相对毁伤目标面积的计算方法,为舰载火箭炮对岸火力运用提供了参考.     

常规导弹联合火力打击统一分配模型

研究了常规导弹参与联合作战过程中目标与火力的统一分配问题。假设在同一波次打击内,同一弹型导弹携带固定战斗部打击同一类型目标,它的突防概率、命中概率和毁伤概率不变;所有打击同一目标的不同弹型导弹的打击都是相互独立的,对不同目标的打击也是相互独立的。在此基础上,建立了常规导弹联合火力打击的目标与火力弹型、火力发射单位之间的统一分配模型。     

压制火炮对暴露有生力量毁伤效能评估方法

为了研究压制火炮对暴露有生力量毁伤效能评估问题,提出了一种基于射击条件下毁伤幅员的压制火炮火力毁伤概率计算的方法。以平均相对毁伤面积为毁伤概率指标,采用蒙特卡洛方法,以目标区域中心为瞄准点,以随机方式确定弹着点在目标区域中的坐标。利用破片威力场研究成果,对射击条件下的毁伤幅员进行了计算,从而实现了压制火炮对暴露有生力量毁伤效能评估。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.