亚音速飞行目标气动噪声方位角估计技术

亚音速飞行弹道气动声源是宽带非平稳噪声。提出基于小波函数的波达方向估计算法,并采用时频分析方法进行特征分析,获取气动噪声显著目标特性。通过优化时间-空间谱特征,对在时频域空间谱的目标信号进行优化,从而增强目标信号在空间谱上的显著性,最终有效实现亚音速飞行弹道气动声源的角度估计。实验数据验证表明,基于时频分析阵列信号处理模型,可以更好地实现亚音速飞行目标气动噪声方位角估计。     

高空域噪声影响下的目标检测识别方法研究

在采用喷射式制冷体制的红外线列探测器扫描成像系统中,探测器焦面温度是时变的,使现有的非均匀性校正方法无法抑制空域噪声,难以进行目标检测识别.根据扫描成像特点,提出一种在高空域噪声存在的背景中进行目标检测识别的解决方案,利用多通道并行处理、决策级融合方法,避开空域噪声的影响,实现了目标的检测识别.     

空间非平稳高斯噪声背景下混合信号的DOA估计

针对空间非平稳高斯噪声背景下混合信号的DOA估计问题,提出了基于四阶累积量对混合波源的DOA估计算法。该算法首先构造四阶累积量矩阵,利用类似ESPR IT方法估计出所有非相关信源的DOA,然后对四阶累积量进行修正空间差分平滑去相干,消除非相关源和空间非平稳高斯噪声的影响,从而实现了对相干源的DOA估计。此方法通过分别估计非相关和相关或者相干信号的DOA,能够以较少的阵元实现对多个信号DOA估计,最后仿真实验也验证该算法的有效性。     

非平稳噪声背景下DOA分步估计方法研究

针对相干和非相干信源同时存在的情况,结合斜投影理论和互相关矢量Toeplitz矩阵重构(CVTR)的方法,提出一种新的信源DOA分步估计方法。该方法把相干信源和非相干信源分开分辨,对相干信源用CVTR方法来恢复为满秩,避免了常规平滑算法阵列孔径损失大、运算量大的缺点;用斜投影算子而非差分方法对信源进行分离,不受相关矩阵须为Toeplitz结构的限制,使得算法可适用于任意阵列结构形式。这种分步分辨思路可有效增强信源过载能力,同时在互相关矢量Toeplitz矩阵重构过程中,可把非平稳噪声协方差矩阵转换成白噪声结构,使得算法对非平稳噪声有较好的适应能力。     

一种非均匀噪声下的DOA估计算法

通用协方差差分算法用来实现对空间非均匀噪声环境下相干信号的波达方向(DOA)估计,该算法可以完全消除空间非均匀噪声,且适用于低信噪比环境,但该算法的DOA估计结果存在伪峰。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的算法。改进算法通过对通用协方差差分(GCD)算法的信号协方差矩阵进行变换,再用特征分解的方法得到信号的DOA估计值。改进的算法可以完全消除伪峰,理论分析和仿真实验验证了改进算法的有效性。     

非平稳噪声背景下相干信源DOA估计研究

针对非平稳噪声环境下相干信源的DOA估计问题,提出了一种新的差分平滑DOA估计算法,阐述了算法的实现原理和基本步骤,通过仿真实验分析了算法的子空间收敛性能、角分辨率以及DOA估计精度等性能。仿真结果表明,该算法可消除非平稳白噪声,运算量较小,不存在伪峰并且测向性能优良。     

多通道SAR成像及基于STAP的抗噪声干扰算法

多通道合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)成像及空对自适应处理(space-time adaptive processing,STAP)是抗噪声干扰的有效途径.从deramping处理与CS( chirp scaling)算法出发,推导了应用于多通道SAR成像的DCS( deramping CS)算法及STAP方法.由于结合了deramping处理进行方位模糊抑制从而降低重频,因而从另一个方面降低了STAP的慢时间阶数.计算机仿真的结果验证了算法的有效性,同时还显示在噪声干扰严重破坏单通道SAR成像及多通道DCS的前提下,多通道STAP可以有效地抑制噪声干扰,保障成像质量.     

噪声压制干扰对逆合成孔径雷达成像的影响分析

逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)是一种高性能的成像雷达,其工作机理和作战使用都与常规体制雷达有着很大的不同,在分析ISAR成像原理的基础上重点研究了噪声压制干扰对ISAR成像的影响,并建立了 ISAR系统的干扰仿真模型,针对噪声调频信号进行了干扰仿真实验,给出了不同信噪比下的仿真结果,仿真结果表明了干扰方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于激光雷达的高炉回旋区深度探测研究

炼铁高炉回旋区深度的直接探测存在较大困难,提出了一种基于激光雷达的回旋区边缘探测方法。探测得到的回波信号存在较大噪声干扰,为提取边缘回波信号,首先对噪声特点进行分析,判明噪声包括白噪声和1/fγ非平稳随机噪声;由此采用多小波平移不变算法进行滤波处理;采用H ilbert-Huang变换对滤波后的信号进行处理,对其瞬时能量进行分析。由于回旋区边缘表现出较为强烈的局部能量,从能量谱中可较好地提取回旋区边缘信号。试验表明,采用激光雷达探测回旋区的深度,能较为真实地反映高炉回旋区的真实状态,其值较计算建模方法更可靠。进一步的研究可望得到回旋区的二维或三维形貌。     

基于TS201S的分段谱相关算法SSCA的实现

分段谱相关函数算法SSCA(Strip Spectral Correlation Algorithm)是一种实用的高效循环谱估计算法,对循环平稳信号的检测和参数估计的硬件实现具有重要意义。利用信号的循环平稳特性能很好的抑制平稳噪声和干扰,实现低信噪比条件下信号检测与参数估计。文章以SSCA的ADSP TS201S的实现为研究重点,分析了实时运算时各参数的选取依据,讨论了工程实现的难点和解决方案,并给出了程序的优化方案,为循环谱的工程应用打下坚实的基础。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.