面向装备作战仿真的弹药消耗预测方法研究现状

作战模拟、数理模型和智能算法是当前弹药消耗预测常用的三类方法。美陆军弹药消耗预测系统是基于作战模拟弹药消耗预测方法的代表,预测过程模块化、系统化。基于数理模型的弹药消耗预测包括基于能力和面向目标威胁的两类方法,预测过程科学化、严谨化。基于智能算法的弹药消耗预测包括时间序列分析和人工神经网络两类方法,预测过程智能化、精确化。各类预测方法在武器—弹药—目标的分组方式与目标分配原则等方面尚存在问题,未来应加强联合火力下以及高技术弹药消耗预测研究。     

高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗模型研究

摘要：高炮群是我军要地防空工作中的重要环节,其弹药预测结果的精准程度将直接影响到弹药保障工作的顺利进行．针对弹药的消耗问题,进行了针对具体作战任务的高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗模型研究,从问题分析、建立数学模型、仿真求解模型以及结果分析四个方面分析了高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗情况．仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的建模精度,从而验证了方法的有效性．     

基于系统动力学的弹药保障优化分析

基于系统动力学原理和方法,在分析战时弹药保障系统控制机理和各要素间的因果关系的基础上,建立了战时弹药保障系统动力学仿真模型,利用VENSIM仿真平台对模型进行模拟,得出了在不同影响因素条件下的战时弹药保障系统的运行规律,分析了不同要素对战时弹药保障系统弹药存储的影响,提供了一种预测弹药保障系统初始存储量和期望存储量最小值的方法。     

基于SD的弹药供应链系统稳定性分析

为了研究弹药供应链系统的稳定性,基于弹药供应链系统的组成进行分析,采用系统动力学方法建立了二阶弹药供应链系统的稳定性模型,并利用系统动力学专用软件Vensim对该模型进行数学建模与仿真实验,得到系统稳定、出现震荡及溢出现象时相关参数的取值范围。仿真结果表明：影响弹药供应链系统稳定性的因素是弹药库订货决策的参数,与外部需求无关。     

基于ISM的战略级弹药订购因素分析

订购因素分析是实施战略级弹药订购亟需解决的关键性问题,为详细而准确地筹划、建设和运用弹药资源,实现合理的弹药储备规模、储备结构以进行精准弹药保障具备重大意义。在弹药订购目标分析的基础上,从顶层设计、需求来源、弹药后勤能力、生产能力储备、订购经济效益、弹药保障效能等6个方面出发,构建由16个因素组成的弹药订购决策影响因素体系,利用解释结构模型对影响因素进行分析,得到了战略任务、经费投入、储存能力、生产能力4个弹药订购关键影响因素,为战略级弹药订购工作改进提供基础。     

面向装备作战仿真的弹药调拨供应决策建模方法研究

针对用线性规划方法在解决弹药调拨供应决策过程中存在的弹药调拨供应量的分配与弹药保障原则关联不紧密的问题,采用目标规划理论与方法,引入优先级区分主要作战方向和次要作战方向弹药库的重要程度,在同一优先级上以权重区分一梯队、二梯队及预备队弹药库的弹药保障优先顺序,使得模型的构建过程与弹药保障原则紧密相联。同时,在模型构建过程中,综合考虑了弹药消耗预测量、弹药储备标准和弹药运输时限等因素对弹药调拨供应决策的影响,并从本级弹药储备不足和充足两种情况进行了数值模型及分析,验证了模型的正确性与可靠性,为弹药调拨供应提供了决策支持与理论支撑。     

地面主战武器常规弹药消耗预测方法研究现状

地面主战武器是陆军遂行全程火力攻击和支援任务的主要作战装备。针对当前弹药消耗预测方法的研究现状,从模型的构建、仿真的实现及弹药消耗问题的背景描述等方面,深入分析比较了外军及我军在弹药消耗预测研究方面的优缺点,为下一步的研究工作提供了理论指导和参考。     

弹药保障效果评价的AHP-FUZZY方法

简要分析了我军弹药保障效果评价工作的不足之处,在此基础上,综合运用层次分析技术（AHP）和模糊评判技术（Fuzzy）,对战场上弹药保障效果评价进行了探讨。运用AHP法建立了弹药保障效果评价的层次结构模型,并详细论述了运用Fuzzy方法评价弹药保障效果的实现过程和注意问题。     

基于 SD 的战时装备维修器材消耗预测模型

从影响战时装备维修器材消耗的主要因素入手,基于系统动力学方法构建了战时装备维修器材消耗的SD模型。通过对模型的运行与仿真得到了装备维修器材的消耗数据,验证了模型的适用性和方法的可行性,为科学预测战时装备维修器材消耗、做好维修器材保障工作提供了新的方法指导。     

基于SD的战时装备维修器材消耗预测模型

从影响战时装备维修器材消耗的主要因素入手,基于系统动力学方法构建了战时装备维修器材消耗的SD模型。通过对模型的运行与仿真得到了装备维修器材的消耗数据,验证了模型的适用性和方法的可行性,为科学预测战时装备维修器材消耗、做好维修器材保障工作提供了新的方法指导。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.