受限空间可燃气体爆炸抑爆实验系统研究

针对狭长受限空间可燃气体爆炸抑制模拟实验研究的需要,采用超细冷气溶胶抑爆技术设计了一套操作方便、组装灵活、结构合理的复合式气体爆炸抑制系统.完成气体爆炸和抑爆实验.实验表明该抑爆实验系统能满足受限空间不同工况气体爆炸抑爆实验研究的需要;同时也表明可燃气体浓度、抑爆剂性能、信号采集及控制系统响应速度等是影响抑爆效果的主要因素.文中的研究为进一步研制抑爆装置奠定了实验和理论基础.     

受限空间油气抑爆模拟实验

针对受限空间的特点,建立了油气爆炸及其抑爆模拟实验系统,研制了新型高效超细粉体抑爆剂,对受限空间油气爆炸及其抑爆过程进行系统的实验研究,分析了抑爆机理.研究表明抑爆剂的喷射方式、喷射压力、喷射用量以及布置方式等因素对抑爆效果有着重要的影响,得到了抑爆装置的关键设计参数,为进一步研制抑爆装置奠定了实验和理论基础.     

油气爆炸抑制实验装置的抑爆特性

为研究气态抑爆介质对洞库管路系统油气爆炸的抑制作用,研制了主动式油气爆炸抑制实验装置,搭建了洞库管路系统油气爆炸抑制实验系统。以CO2为抑爆介质,进行了油气爆炸抑制实验,与无抑爆介质条件进行了对比,并分析了火焰强度、爆炸超压值、火焰传播速度和爆炸产物等特性参数变化情况。结果表明:抑爆器通过喷射CO2,对爆炸火焰强度、持续时间有明显的抑制作用;在CO2作用下,最大爆炸超压值和最大火焰传播速度分别下降了34.21%和54.48%;通过分析油气爆炸燃烧产物,可知在CO2作用下,有较多油气并没有参与燃烧反应或者反应不完全。     

油料洞库油气爆炸抑制数值模拟

根据受限空间油气爆炸及抑爆过程的发展规律和机理以及爆炸燃烧和抑爆的特点,建立了基于分步反应控制机理的爆炸燃烧及抑爆模型,解决了爆炸及抑爆发展过程中火焰和压力波相互耦合机制,克服了化学反应与多相流动耦合时计算和存储方面的困难,缓解了控制方程求解时的"刚性",数值仿真结果与实验吻合较好。研究显示,火焰在传播过程中,由于受到湍流和气体流动影响,形状不断发生变化,不是一直加速传播的,而是呈一定波动范围加速传播的;在狭长受限空间内,油气混合物的爆炸压力和火焰速度会大幅升高,不加以抑制将导致严重的破坏后果;在抑爆区由于抑爆剂强烈的物理、化学抑制作用以及两相间进行的能量和动量交换,充满抑爆区的抑爆剂云(雾)能很好地阻断爆炸燃烧火焰的持续传播,从而使爆炸压力失去油气持续燃烧所提供能量的补充而迅速衰减,爆炸传播迅速得到抑制。     

十二烷基硫酸钠对聚磷酸铵超细粉碎的影响

为满足抑爆、灭火等要求，必须对灭火、阻燃介质聚磷酸铵进行超细粉碎。为得到能满足抑爆需要的聚磷酸铵超细粉体，通过选十二烷基硫酸钠作助磨剂，采用超音速气流超细粉碎，分析并讨论了在限定条件下，不同质量分数十二烷基硫酸钠对粉体超细化的影响。确定出助磨剂最佳使用质量分数为0．3％，制得的粉体粒径主要分布在3～7μm，粉体比表面积达到普通ABC干粉灭火剂的6倍，满足抑爆要求。     

热气溶胶灭火装置安全隐患探讨

针对目前市场上热气溶胶灭火装置＂爆炸＂及存在安全隐患,阐述了其发生原理,并提出了热气溶胶灭火装置应严格控制的一些安全性能指标和结构方式。     

狭长受限空间油气爆炸关键现象研究

以汽油油气混合物为研究对象,在狭长密闭管道中进行了油气爆炸实验,通过压阻式传感器测试爆炸过程中的压强信号,得到狭长受限空间中油气爆炸的基本参数。通过对实验结果的对比分析,发现狭长受限空间内的油气爆炸可以分为4个阶段：平滑加速阶段、湍流发展阶段、振荡激化阶段和余波阶段;一定强度的湍流流场可抑制链化学反应速度和火焰传播速度;振荡激化阶段发生在管道末端。为狭长密闭空间内油气爆炸的预防和抑爆技术研究提供了参考。     

战车灭火抑爆系统数字化控制实现

为实现装甲车辆电气系统的数字化控制和在线故障诊断,设计了以DSP为控制核心并辅以CAN总线接口电路的数字式灭火抑爆控制系统。系统移植了嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II,实现了灭火抑爆、故障监视、自诊断以及和上位机通信等功能。实验结果表明,该系统各项指标均达到或超过原模拟控制系统指标,且具有很高的实时性和很强的稳定性。     

高架仓库应用超细干粉灭火系统可行性分析

高架仓库具有高度高、空间大、货物分层密集存放、灭火难度大等特点,而超细干粉灭火装置灭火剂释放后,达到灭火浓度的粉雾能够迅速弥漫保护空间,笼罩保护物。在对高架仓库常见灭火系统进行分析的基础上,提出了超细干粉灭火系统在立体货架上分层布置、分区启动的应用形式及方法,并通过模拟灭火试验,分析了超细干粉灭火系统应用于高架仓库的可行性。结果表明：超细干粉灭火系统可有效扑灭高架仓库初期火灾。     

超细干粉自动灭火装置在民用建筑中的应用前景分析

指出了超细干粉和超细干粉自动灭火装置的技术特点,并通过与其他自动灭火系统的比较,分析了超细干粉自动灭火装置在民用建筑中的应用前景。     

Performances and direct writing of CL-20 based ultraviolet curing explosive ink

A new type of explosive ink formulation that can be quickly cured was prepared with unsaturated polyester as binder,styrene as active monomer,2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide as photoinitiator,and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) as the main explosive.Then the explosive ink direct writing technology was used to charge the micro-sized energetic devices,the curing mechanism of the explosive ink was discussed,and the microstructure,safety performance and explosive transfer performance of the explosive ink molded samples were tested and analyzed.Results indicate that the composite material has a fast curing molding speed,its hardness can reach 2H within 8 min.The crystal form of CL-20 in the molded sample is still ε type.The CL-20 based W-curing explosive ink formulation has good compatibility,its apparent activation energy is increased by about 3.5 kJ/mol.The composite presents a significant reduction in impact sensitivity and its characteristic drop height can reach 39.8 cm,which is about 3 times higher than the raw material.When the line width of charge is 1.0 mm,the critical thickness of the explosion can reach 0.015 mm,and the explosion velocity is 7129 m/s when the charge density is 1.612 g/cm3.     

Poverty,Pipeline Vandalisation/Explosion and Human Security: Integrating Disaster Management into Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

This paper interrogates the common official refrain to attribute vandalisation-induced pipeline explosion to poverty in the country. It argues that although poverty has explanatory relevance in terms of the ubiquity of oil pipeline explosion, such attribution conceals more than it reveals: it clearly shows that the poor are the direct and hardest hit in oil pipeline explosion in Nigeria, but conceals the fact that rich vandalisation barons are behind these threats to human security; it conceals the contradiction between the material circumstances of the victims and the sophisticated technology deployed in such nefarious acts. While it reveals the disempowerment of the poor to negotiate their survival outside the lure of fuel scooping, it conceals the power of the barons to easily negotiate their freedom from conviction. Also, it conceals the seeming contradiction of perceptions of security between the government officials and the poor citizens. The paper therefore argues that it is this prevalent situation that not only accounts for the frequency of pipeline vandalisation, but provides reasons that government fails to pay compensation to victims of explosion or to evolve proactive disaster response strategies. Thus, it advocates the integration of a disaster management framework into government's overall effort of poverty reduction in the country.     

UHMWPE复合材料抗爆实验研究

运用定制的聚偏四氟乙烯(PVDF)压电传感器,直接测量爆炸载荷下UHMWPE层叠无纬布和PU基体的UHMWPE复合材料内部冲击波压力峰值,对其冲击波衰减特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:UHMWPE复合材料对爆炸冲击波有很好的衰减作用,含有PU基体的UHMWPE复合材料比UHMWPE层叠无纬布对爆炸冲击波有更好的衰减效果。UHMWPE复合材料具有轻质、吸收冲击波效率高等特性,在爆炸冲击波防护领域有很好的应用前景。     

Hazard evaluation of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity for three typical MH2 (M＝Mg,Ti, Zr) of energetic materials

MgH2, TiH2, and ZrH2 are three typical metal hydrides that have been gradually applied to composite explosives and propellants as additives in recent years. To evaluate ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, the Hartmann device and spherical pressure vessel were used to test ignition energy and ex-plosion pressure, respectively. The results showed that the ignition sensitivity of ZrH2, TiH2 and MgH2 gradually increased. When the concentration of MgH2 is 83.0 g/m3 in Hartmann device, the ignition energy attained a minimum of 10.0 mJ. The explosion pressure of MgH2 were 1.44 times and 1.76 times that of TiH2 and ZrH2, respectively, and the explosion pressure rising rate were 3.97 times and 9.96 times that of TiH2 and ZrH2, respectively, through the spherical pressure vessel. It indicated that the reaction reactivity and reaction rate of MgH2 were higher than that of TiH2 and ZrH2. In addition, to conduct in-depth theoretical analysis of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, gas production and combus-tion heat per unit mass of ZrH2, TiH2 and MgH2 were tested by mercury manometer and oxygen bomb calorimetry. The experimental results revealed that MgH2 had a relatively high gas production per unit mass (5.15 mL/g), while TiH2 and ZrH2 both had a gas production of less than 2.0 mL/g. Their thermal stability gradually increased, leading to a gradual increase in ignition energy. Furthermore, compared with theoretical combustion heat, the combustion ratio of MgH2, TiH2 and ZrH2 was more than 96.0%, with combustion heat value of 29.96, 20.94 and 12.22 MJ/kg, respectively, which was consistent with the explosion pressure and explosion severity test results.     

悬挂式脉冲水干粉复合灭火技术及其产品研究

多相复合灭火技术能克服细水雾、超细干粉、惰性气体等灭火技术在灭火介质单独应用时存在的不足,介绍了悬挂式脉冲水干粉复合灭火装置,该产品基本性能检测和电气柜实体火灭火试验证明,此装置可有效发挥脉冲超细干粉的化学灭火和细水雾的冷却窒息物理灭火的灭火效能,灭火效率高,是一种新型的高效哈龙替代技术。     

油料火灾爆炸模拟实验系统与测试技术

针对受限空间油料火灾爆炸发生、发展、控制、抑制实验的需要,研制了一系列模拟实验台架及关键参数测试系统。所研制的一系列模拟实验台架为各种工况的油料火灾爆炸模拟实验研究提供了完备的科研条件和支撑;研制的超动态数据采集与分析系统能对冲击波压力、瞬时温度、火焰识别、爆燃向爆轰演化(DDT)过程等进行连续捕捉、测试、分析;研制的基于紫外火焰探测、数字信号处理和网络化智能探测技术的油气爆炸火焰传播速度测试系统较传统的火焰传感器具有高灵敏度、零误报、探测距离远的特点。     

氧气体积分数对油气爆炸特性的影响

作为燃烧和爆炸三要素之一,氧气体积分数的控制对于爆炸事故的防治具有重要意义。实验研究了氧气体积分数对汽油蒸气-空气混合物（简称油气）爆炸极限和爆炸压力的影响。结果表明：随着氧气体积分数的降低,油气爆炸下限呈一阶指数规律缓慢增大,油气爆炸上限呈线性规律迅速减小;爆炸极限范围由0.92%~3.76%缩小为1点,该爆炸极限临界点为1.22%,对应的临界氧气体积分数为11.4%;油气的最大爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率随着氧气体积分数的降低而减小,油气体积分数越大,氧气体积分数影响越显著。