人防地下室防护隔墙设计荷载研究

本文对人防地下室防护隔墙的动荷载和设计静苛功进行了分析计算,给出了目前通常情况下地下商场或地下车库使用的人防地下室防护隔墙设计等效静荷载,供设计参数。     

Kagome点阵夹层板吸能性能的数值模拟

建立了Kagome点阵夹层板在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的数值模拟模型，计算分析了夹层板的面板厚度、夹芯层杆件半径以及爆炸冲击荷载峰值压力和作用时间对Kagome点阵夹层板吸能性能的影响。发现在给定的爆炸冲击荷载作用下，夹层板只有在合适的几何尺寸下才能使夹芯层的塑性变形能占整个结构塑性变形能的大部分，从而体现出该夹层板主要由夹芯层塑性变形耗能的优势。     

地面爆炸条件下框架底层柱的破坏公式推导及数值模拟分析

由于常规武器地面爆炸时在地面附近形成了较为复杂的爆炸冲击波,该冲击波对附近军事目标的破坏非常严重.为便于对地面军事工程结构进行防护研究,有必要对军事工程结构的破坏距离进行预测和评估.在前人研究的基础上采用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究了常规武器地面爆炸条件下对框架底层柱的破坏作用.从理论上推导框架底层柱在遭受地面爆炸冲击荷载时的破坏程度预测公式,同时建立了炸药、空气、土壤和结构于一体的全耦合数值模型对推导公式进行了验证.结果表明理论推导和数值模拟计算结果较为一致,该公式可以为地面军事工程结构防常规武器打击提供一些建议和参考.     

某住宅地下室结构方案分析及比较

地下室设计是高层建筑结构设计中重要的组成部分。地下室顶板及底板的结构方案有多种,在保证安全的前提下,应满足经济性要求。以深圳某住宅地下室结构设计为例,对地下室顶板及底板进行了几种常见方案的比较,地下室顶板采用单向梁造价比井字梁约低10%,比十字梁约低11%(柱网8000×8000)。地下室底板采用无梁板式造价比梁板式约低22%(柱网为7800×7800)。     

接触爆炸下沉箱重力式码头面板毁伤效应分析

为了探究接触爆炸荷载下沉箱重力式码头面板的毁伤效应,首先以码头上部面板结构小毁伤为目标,设计制作沉箱重力式码头模型进行了爆炸试验,得到1 kg当量TNT炸药在码头面板中央爆炸后码头面板的毁伤情况;然后,在此基础上运用LS-DYNA程序建立基于拉格朗日欧拉法的码头模型有限元数值模型,讨论了控制混凝土HJC模型单元失效删除的关键参数,通过与试验结果的对比确立了混凝土单元各失效准则的取值;最后,对不同炸药位置、不同炸药当量下码头面板的毁伤效应进行了数值模拟研究,得到了不同的毁伤模式和具体的毁伤过程。结果表明:不同爆炸位置码头面板毁伤过程初始阶段具有相似性,之后受爆炸位置结构形式的影响毁伤模式体现出差异性;炸药当量增加会使毁伤程度加剧,相同炸药当量下,管沟处爆炸的毁伤程度要明显重于中间仓格处。     

双层气囊隔振装置多目标协同姿态控制方法

针对双层气囊隔振装置高精度姿态平衡控制需求,提出多目标协同姿态控制方法。通过建立双层隔振装置动力学模型、充放气控制等效作用力模型,建立了控制响应特性分析模型。并基于多目标满意优化方法建立了多目标协同姿态控制方法,使得双层气囊隔振装置能够较好地适应上下层气囊隔振装置姿态耦合,实现姿态平衡控制,并可有效抑制结构弹性变形对姿态平衡控制的影响。在双层气囊隔振装置上验证了该控制方法的可行性。该方法将用于某型船舶大型发电机组双层气囊隔振系统,实现双层气囊隔振装置柔性支撑状态下的姿态平衡控制。     

人防工程也要注意加强质量建设

我国城市防空工作,是从60年代末开始进行的。各类城市普遍建立了人防指挥机构和各种人防专业组织,重点进行了人防工程构筑。近些年来,人防工程主要是结合城市建设重点构筑平战结合的地下室,对现有工程有重点地进行维修和配套收尾。 从现在情况看,我国地下人防工程按种类分为地下室、掩蔽部、地道和坑道等,按照用途又分为人员掩蔽工事,连接通道、疏散机动干道、指挥和通信     

冲击波在多层结构中的传播

对水下冲击载荷在多层结构中的传播规律进行了理论分析,根据分界面上的应力和速度连续性条件得到透射波强度的解析表达式.从理论分析可以看出,舰船结构的多层防护体系对于减少爆炸冲击的损伤具有重要的作用,防护结构的波阻抗越大,防护的效果越好,这种方法可应用于多层防护结构在远场爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤或防护方面的预测.     

浅水爆炸特性数值模拟研究

为对浅水爆炸的荷载特性进行研究,首先采用LS-DYNA建立的浅水爆炸三维数值模拟模型对浅水爆炸的冲击波传播与气泡脉动进行了模拟,通过与经验计算公式对比验证了模型的可信性;然后,对浅水爆炸的荷载特点和分布规律进行了分析,并初步探究了水面及水底的影响规律,得到如下结论:LS-DYNA可实现浅水爆炸的有效模拟,模拟结果符合理论形态,且计算得到的荷载峰压和比冲量等特性参数与经验公式吻合良好。浅水爆炸荷载峰压在冲击波传播阶段出现,气泡脉动阶段荷载的比冲量则明显高于冲击波传播阶段,在浅水爆炸毁伤效应研究中,以上两个阶段均需考虑。炸药起爆深度附近及其以下水域为浅水爆炸荷载的主要作用区域。水面反射稀疏波和水底反射冲击波的峰压和衰减时间与冲击波相近;随着爆深增加,反射波对水面及水底附近位置影响增大,对水域中间位置的影响先减小后增大。     

弹道导弹突防数概率分布列计算模型

针对双层反导防御系统,在单枚导弹突防概率的基础上,分别建立了多枚战术弹道导弹突破单层和双层拦截的最终突防数概率分布列计算模型,同时进行了算例分析,对模型进行了验证.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response and damage models of circular RC columns subjected to underwater explosions

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are widely used as supporting structures for high-piled wharfs. The study of damage model of a RC column due to underwater explosion is a critical issue to assess the wharf’s antiknock security. In this study, the dynamic response and damage model of circular RC columns subjected to underwater explosions were investigated by means of scaled-down experiment models. Experiments were carried out in a 10.0 m diameter tank with the water depth of 2.25 m, under different explosive quantities (0.025 kg–1.6 kg), stand-off distances (0.0 m–7.0 m), and detonation depths (0.25 m–2.0 m). The shock wave load and dynamic response of experiment models were measured by configuring sensors of pressure, acceleration, strain, and displacement. Then, the load distribution characteristics, time history of test data, and damage models related to present conditions were obtained and discussed. Three damage models, including bending failure, bending-shear failure and punching failure, were identified. In addition, the experience model of shock wave loads on the surface of a RC column was proposed for engineering application.     

Study on dynamic response of multi-degree-of-freedom explosion vessel system under impact load

In order to study the dynamic response and calculate the axial dynamic coefficient of the monolayer cylindrical explosion vessel, the wall of vessel is simplified as a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDoF) undamped elastic foundation beam. Decoupling the coupled motion equation and using Duhamel's integrals, the solutions in generalized coordinates of the equations under exponentially decaying loads, square wave loads and triangular wave loads are calculated. These solutions are consistent in form with the solutions of single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) undamped forced vibration simplified model. Based on the model, equivalent MDoF design method (also called MDoF dynamic coefficient method) of cylindrical explosion vessel is proposed. The traditional method can only predict the dynamic coefficient of torus portion around the explosion center, but this method can predict that of the vessel wall at any axial n dividing point position. It is verified that the prediction accuracy of this model is greatly improved compared with the SDoF model by comparing the results of this model with SDoF model and numerical simulation in different working conditions. However, the prediction accuracy decreases as the scaled distance decreases and approaches the end of the vessel, which is related to the accuracy of the empirical formula of the implosion load, the simplification of the explosion load direction, the boundary conditions, and the loading time difference.     

Reaction degree of composition B explosive with multi-layered compound structure protection subjected to detonation loading

The explosive reaction degree and protection from explosions are concerns in the military field.In this work,the reaction degree of the composition B explosive was investigated experimentally.Multi-layered compound structures were used as barriers to weaken the blast loads.A comprehensive experiment using a high-speed camera and image processing techniques,side witness plates,and bottom witness plates was presented.Using the experimental fragment velocities,fragment piercing patterns,and damage characteristics,the reaction degree of the explosive impeded by different multi-layered com-pound structures could be precisely differentiated.Reaction parameters of the explosive obstructed by compound structures were obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.Unlike the common method in which the explosive reaction degree is only distinguished based on the initial pressure amplitude transmitted into the explosive,a following shock wave reflected from the side steel casing was also considered.Different detonation growth paths in the explosive formed.Therefore,all these shock wave propagation characteristics must be considered to analyze the explosive response impeded by compound structures.     

某方向机传动系统动力学建模与仿真

基于机械系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立某方向机传动系统的动力学模型,模型中考虑基于接触理论的齿轮啮合力、轴承刚度变化和预紧机构的作用。针对3种实际工况,进行动态特性仿真,给出关重件的动态载荷,为该系统的故障分析和寿命预测奠定了基础。     

间接边界元法模拟含裂纹介质中弹性波的传播

介绍了间接边界元法的基本理论,利用二维弹性动力边界积分方程解决了地震波在含裂纹介质中的散射问题。编写了地震波在二维非均匀介质中传播的数值模拟程序,模拟了爆炸点源在含裂纹介质中的传播情况,分析了裂纹的分布及填充物对波传播的影响。结果表明,边界元法是研究含裂纹介质中弹性波传播的有效工具。     

电磁轨道发射中内弹道动力响应特性分析

将轨道简化为移动载荷作用下固定在弹性支撑上的Bernoulli-Euler梁，通过静态电磁-结构耦合有限元模型求得外围封装的等效刚度，计算得到发射器的临界速度。另外，利用混合有限元/边界元法建立电磁-结构-运动多物理场耦合的动力学模型，求得枢轨动态接触压力和轨道的应力应变分布特性。通过在轨道背面布置光纤光栅应变传感器，利用测量数据验证了动力响应特性，并分析了弹丸在内弹道的稳定性。针对典型30 mm × 30 mm矩形口径发射器，分析及试验结果表明：C型电枢对轨道的电磁挤压力在平顶沿起始时刻达到最大值，之后随着时间推移逐渐减小；电枢通过引起的应力波在高速段容易与轨道中反射应力波发生共振，并且轨道在电枢运动的中间高速段区域受力最为集中，应力集中水平约是起始低速段区域的2.44倍；电枢运动高速段会出现晃动现象，进而引起上下轨道受力的不对称性。分析及试验结果对研究电磁轨道发射器内弹道动力响应特性和发射器结构设计具有重要指导意义。     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

基于虚拟样机技术的某小口径火炮射击仿真分析

针对某小口径火炮在射击过程中零部件运动特性难以通过实弹射击试验获取的难题,联合三维建模软件和动力学仿真软件,建立了该炮的动力学模型。通过仿真数据与实弹射击试验数据的对比,验证了模型的有效性。在此基础上,研究了该炮在射击循环中各部件的运动规律和承受的发射应力载荷,研究结果可为该炮关键零部件的疲劳寿命分析和火炮射击精度研究提供参考。     

采用扩展有限元法的线式爆炸分离装置裂纹扩展分析

为了提高线式爆炸分离装置的安全性,本研究基于扩展有限元法,通过创建二维和三维动态裂纹扩展模型,探索了线式爆炸分离装置在爆轰波作用过程中的动态裂纹扩展和止裂机理。研究表明,分离壳体的裂纹扩展路径独立于裂纹初始角度;不考虑载荷时序时,二维和三维动态裂纹扩展的主方向分别沿着分离壳体的径向和环向;考虑载荷时序时,受不同区域应力波的联合作用,三维裂纹沿环向扩展的同时会沿着轴向扩展,但裂纹的扩展均不会影响到止裂槽以外的结构。所提方法和相应结论可为线式爆炸分离装置设计提供参考。     

Dynamic modeling and parameter identification of a gun saddle ring

In this study, a theoretical nonlinear dynamic model was established for a saddle ring based on a dynamic force analysis of the launching process and the structure according to contact-impact theory. The ADAMS software was used to build a parameterized dynamic model of the saddle ring. A parameter identification method for the ring was proposed based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A loading test was designed and performed several times at different elevation angles. The response histories of the saddle ring with different loads were then obtained. The parameters of the saddle ring dynamic model were identified from statistics generated at a 50° elevation angle to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. The actual loading history of the ring at a 70° elevation angle was taken as the model input. The response histories of the ring under these working conditions were obtained through a simulation. The simulation results agreed with the actual response. Thus, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed dynamic model were verified, and it provides an effective method for modeling saddle rings.