战斗部近炸下防护液舱破坏机理分析

为研究大型舰船水下舷侧防护液舱的破坏机理，根据液舱的承载特性，设计制作缩尺战斗部模型和敞口、密闭两种液舱结构模型，开展两种姿态战斗部近炸下高速破片和冲击波对防护液舱的联合毁伤试验。根据试验后液舱模型的破损情况分析液舱前、后板在典型载荷下的破坏机理，总结分析液舱结构整体的破坏模式和破坏机理。结果表明：高速破片是防护液舱结构的主要防御对象，破片开坑和空化阶段是液舱结构变形破坏的主要阶段，破片群侵彻液舱形成的激波载荷和空化效应引起的挤压载荷是使结构产生变形破坏的主要冲击载荷。     

FE modeling of concrete beams and columns reinforced with FRP composites

Compression and flexure members such as columns and beams are critical in a structure as its failure could lead to the collapse of the structure. In the present work, numerical analysis of square and circle short columns, and reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced withfiber reinforced polymer composites are carried out. This work is divided into two parts. In thefirst part, numerical study of axial behavior of square and circular concrete columns reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)bars and spiral, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) wraps is conducted. The results of the first part showed that the axial capacity of the circular RC columns rein-forced with GFRP increases with the increase of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. In addition, the results of the numerical analysis showed good correlation with the experimental ones. An interaction diagram for BFRP RC columns is also developed with considering various eccentricities. The results of numerical modeling of RC columns strengthened with CFRP wraps revealed that the number and the spacing between the CFRP wraps provide different levels of ductility enhancement to the column. For the cases considered in this study, column with two middle closely spaced CFRP wraps demonstrated the best performance. In the second part of this research,flexural behavior of RC beams reinforced with BFRP, GFRP and CFRP bars is investigated along with validation of the numerical model with the experimental tests. The results resembled the experimental observations that indicate significant effect of the FRP bar diameter and type ont he flexural capacity of the RC beams. It was also shown that Increasing the number of bars while keeping the same reinforcement ratio enhanced the stiffness of the RC beam.     

Dynamic parameters of multi-cabin protective structure subjected to low-impact load – Numerical and experimental investigations

The dynamic response of a multi-cabin protective structure subjected to impact load directly affects the protective performance of materials; thus, studying the dynamic response and communication law of wave effect of the load plays an important role in the prediction of protective performance. In this study, the protection experiments of box-structure under air- and/or water-medium are conducted, the dynamic response of the structure subjected to low-impact load is analyzed, and the corresponding numerical simulations are analyzed using the theory of finite element method (FEM). Combined with experimental and FEM simulations, the shock strain distribution, acceleration attenuation, and signal energy in defensive materials are determined. Based on the results, the metal structure exhibits good absorption characteristics for shock vibration. Using the experimental data, we also show that the attenuation of shock wave in water medium should be significantly better than that in air medium, and the protective structure should be designed for a combination of water and air mediums. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation can provide a quantitative analysis process for dynamic analysis of defensive materials.     

基于水下脉冲放电的冲击波聚焦实验研究

冲击波的聚焦可以在聚焦区域形成局部较高的压力.基于能产生较强冲击波的水中脉冲放电声源和具有会聚作用的旋转椭球面反射罩建立了水下冲击波聚焦系统,开展了水下冲击波聚焦的实验研究,分析了水下冲击波的聚焦过程.对压力历史、轴线上的压力分布及峰值压力进行了分析,研究了旋转椭球面反射罩的聚焦特性.实验发现聚焦区域会产生负压,并导致局部空化.基于冲击动力学理论对这一现象进行了分析.实验结果表明,水下冲击波聚焦系统具有显著的聚焦效果.     

水下近场非接触爆炸载荷作用下加筋板毁伤变形的数值仿真研究

采用高动态非线性有限元程序MSC.Dytran对复杂加筋板结构在水下爆炸载荷下的动态响应和变形模式进行了仿真分析和模型试验,建立了复杂加筋板架结构水下爆炸作用下动态响应的有限元计算方法.研究了加筋板在水下爆炸载荷下的不同毁伤形式,并利用有限元程序对复杂毁伤形式进行了瞬态毁伤过程分析,认为一定药量近距离爆炸时局部破坏要先于整体破坏.     

Multi-layer protective armour for underwater shock wave mitigation

The effect of underwater shock wave on different target plates has been studied.An underwater shock wave generator(shock tube) was used to study the interactions between water and different constructed targets which act as shock wave mitigation.Target plates,composed of sandwich of two aluminum sheets with rubber and foam in between,were prepared and studied.For comparison,the target plates composed of triple aluminum sheets were tested.The study includes the testing of the selected plates in water under the effect of different peak pressures and the analysis of the results.The strain gauge data and displacement sensors results showed that the multi-layer plates have higher level of underwater shock wave mitigation than the triple aluminum plates with strain and deflection of nearly 50%.     

某空降型自行火炮着陆过程车体损伤评估

为了考核某空降型自行火炮着陆冲击过程的抗冲击振动性能,实装空投试验是检验手段之一,但是实装空投需要耗费巨大的人力和财力,而且试验条件不可控,因此,采用数值模拟分析是一条有效的途径。通过建立整炮的虚拟样机模型获取载荷,建立车体的有限元模型并对车体进行瞬态响应分析,得到车体着陆冲击过程的动应力和动应变,结合勒梅特损伤模型对车体的损伤量进行了计算。这种结合虚拟样机技术和有限元分析的研究方法可为大型空降武器的抗冲击振动试验提供参考。     

关于圆柱壳在水下爆炸冲击波作用下二次加载现象的数值模拟研究

运用大型商业有限元程序MSC.DYTRAN数值模拟了水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下自由环肋圆柱壳的非线性动态响应.采用一般耦合算法(generalcoupling)模拟流体与结构的耦合效应,计算中考虑了材料的应变率强化效应,几何非线性的影响,分析了空穴现象的产生和二次加载对结构响应的影响.仿真结果表明,相同工况和厚度下的无限自由平板和自由环肋圆柱壳,后者的空化时间比前者长,而壳体运动的最大速度后者比前者低.     

螺旋桨激励水下艇体振动的试验及数值研究

为考虑螺旋桨真实激励特性,在循环水槽中开展艇尾伴流场中螺旋桨诱导艇尾脉动压力及螺旋桨激励水下艇体振动响应的测量试验。试验结果表明:脉动压力幅值在叶频处最大,且随螺旋桨负载增加而增大,随与螺旋桨之间距离的增大而减小,四叶桨脉动压力在尾翼后的高伴流区幅值较大,五叶桨则在尾翼之间的低伴流区幅值较大；大部分测点的振动响应幅值随螺旋桨负载增加而增大,但也存在叶频处幅值较小和未随负载增加而增大的情况；五叶桨激励引起的侧向振动较四叶桨有所增强而轴向振动有所减弱；特定谱峰频率处振动响应幅值呈一阶弯曲振型,其频率范围与有限元计算结果较为一致。综合采用计算流体动力学、有限元和模态叠加法建立螺旋桨激励水下艇体振动响应的数值计算方法,通过计算与试验结果的对比发现,该方法的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,相比于采用单位简谐激励的谐响应分析方法更加接近真实情况。     

圆柱壳在水下爆炸载荷作用下的抗冲击性模拟

利用LS-DYNA动力有限元程序对张效慈等人做的深水爆炸水动压力场对潜体结构的动态响应试验进行数值模拟，其模拟结果与实际具有较好的一致性；同时模拟了不同厚度圆柱壳在不同质量炸药爆炸情况下所表现的抗冲击性，为提高潜艇的抗冲击性提供参考。     

Optimal replacement under additive damage and other failure models

A machine or production system is subject to random failure. Upon failure the system is replaced by a new one, and the process repeats. A cost is associated with each replacement, and an additional cost is incurred at each failure in service. Thus, there is an incentive for a controller to attempt to replace before failure occurs. The problem is to find an optimal control strategy that balances the cost of replacement with the cost of failure and results in a minimum total long-run average cost per unit time. We attack this problem under the cumulative damage model for system failure. In this failure model, shocks occur to the system in accordance with a Poisson process. Each shock causes a random amount of damage or wear and these damages accumulate additively. At any given shock, the system fails with a known probability that depends on the total damage accumulated to date. We assume that the cumulative damage is observable by the controller and that his decisions may be based on its current value. Supposing that the shock failure probability is an increasing function of the cumulative damage, we show that an optimal policy is to replace either upon failure or when this damage first exceeds a critical control level, and we give an equation which implicitly defines the optimal control level in terms of the cost and other system parameters. Also treated are some more general models that allow for income lost during repair time and other extensions.     

水下接触爆炸下液舱前置型防雷舱的动响应分析

为探讨防雷舱结构设计,采用有限元方法对同一防雷舱结构的典型模式和液舱前置模式进行数值仿真计算,通过对典型模式与实验结果的对比,验证了数值计算方法的有效性。着重分析了液舱前置对防雷舱结构动响应过程、失效模式及防护效能的影响,并分析了其形成机制。从结构破坏过程、载荷特性、吸能特性三个方面对比了两种模式的差异,探讨了两种模式防雷舱结构的防护机理,为舰船水下舷侧防护结构的工程设计提供了参考。     

水下仿生推进器阀控液压摆动关节建模与动态特性分析

采用液压驱动的模拟鱼柔性长背鳍波动运动的水下仿生推进器,当改变液压系统的流量和阀的控制参数时,其运动学参数能够迅速地做相应调整,实现平稳、流畅、连续的仿生运动。建立了阀控液压摆动关节的动力学模型,根据动力学模型得到系统传递函数,并绘制了Bode图。根据传递函数分析了阀控液压摆动关节的稳定特性、动态位置刚度特性和动态响应特性。结果表明阀控液压摆动关节具有一定的自稳定性,其工作频率与影响位置刚度的负载变化频率重叠,动态响应速度可以通过优化结构参数来调整。     

Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

水下爆炸中自由场压力和船体壁压的测量与分析

对水下爆炸中自由场压力的水面截断效应及冲击裁荷与船体相互作用的船体壁压进行了分析,得出了自由场压力的水面截断效应及早期的船体壁压计算近似公式.测量结果表明,球形装药中心起爆后形成的冲击波一般不是一条光滑曲线,而是会有多个振荡峰;当自由场压力测点离水面较近时,测量的自由场压力会出现明显的水面截断现象;船板在水中爆炸冲击渡的作用下产生的运动和变形对水中压力场有很大影响,舰体壁压反射系数与冲击波的入射角度有关.     

既有锈蚀RC梁剩余抗剪承载力试验

为了准确评估锈蚀RC梁的剩余抗剪承载力,在对6根既有纵筋、箍筋锈蚀都比较严重的混凝土抗弯构件进行了剩余抗剪承力试验研究的基础上,提出了锈蚀RC梁的剩余抗剪承载力计算公式.结果表明,既有锈蚀RC梁挠度曲线没有明显的开裂拐点;破坏时脆性明显,裂缝集中在某一处,间距较大,破坏荷载和屈服荷载接近,受剪破坏形态可能表现为加载点下垂直裂缝引起的破坏.所提出的既有锈蚀RC梁剩余抗剪承载力计算公式与试验结果吻合较好,可为锈蚀RC梁剩余抗剪承载力评估提供一定参考.     

Reaction degree of composition B explosive with multi-layered compound structure protection subjected to detonation loading

The explosive reaction degree and protection from explosions are concerns in the military field.In this work,the reaction degree of the composition B explosive was investigated experimentally.Multi-layered compound structures were used as barriers to weaken the blast loads.A comprehensive experiment using a high-speed camera and image processing techniques,side witness plates,and bottom witness plates was presented.Using the experimental fragment velocities,fragment piercing patterns,and damage characteristics,the reaction degree of the explosive impeded by different multi-layered com-pound structures could be precisely differentiated.Reaction parameters of the explosive obstructed by compound structures were obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.Unlike the common method in which the explosive reaction degree is only distinguished based on the initial pressure amplitude transmitted into the explosive,a following shock wave reflected from the side steel casing was also considered.Different detonation growth paths in the explosive formed.Therefore,all these shock wave propagation characteristics must be considered to analyze the explosive response impeded by compound structures.     

波浪作用下水下航行体出水成功概率预报

为了实现实测波浪作用下水下航行体出水成功概率预报,为潜艇作战提供一种水下发射的快速预报方法,基于边界元方法建立了水下航行体出水姿态计算模型,对不同波浪条件下水下航行体出水姿态参数进行了计算。同时,将不同波浪条件下的出水姿态参数进行集成,形成了规则波浪数据库。以渤海湾某时间段的实测海况作为发射环境,建立符合瑞利分布的波高概率分布模型,将尾部触水俯仰角作为判定条件,对实测波浪下水下航行体出水成功概率进行预报。计算结果表明,在考虑最恶劣工况下,相对于静水条件下的出水俯仰角偏差随着波高的增加而减小;相同波高下,受到出水相位的影响,出水俯仰角偏差呈余弦变化规律。该预报方法对于潜艇作战判定发射时机具有一定参考价值,为水下发射的成功概率预报提供参考。     

纤维缠绕复合材料夹芯圆柱体高应变率压缩吸能机理

为研究纤维缠绕复合材料夹芯圆柱体吸能元件在高应变率冲击压缩载荷作用下的变形损伤模式和能量吸收机理,采用ABAQUS商用有限元软件和分离式Hopkinson压杆装置开展数值模拟分析和试验验证研究。对比分析宏观力学响应规律和微观损伤破坏机理,可知吸能结构元件在高应变率压缩载荷下的力学响应具有典型的弹塑性特征,内部芯材主要产生压缩塑性损伤,而表层复合材料沿环向产生拉伸断裂破坏。研究表明,该吸能元件冲击压缩吸能特性优异,可满足水下结构平台的冲击防护和浮力储备要求。     

水下应用栅格翼动态展开参数预示方法

基于水下应用栅格翼动态展开过程动力学模型,根据展开特征角度定常水动力方法,拟合获得展开全程受到的流体力矩,并引入考虑相对速度影响的修正因子,形成水下应用栅格翼动态展开过程参数工程预示方法,以典型展开时序点航行体运动参数为设计输入,对栅格翼展开过程运动参数进行预示。通过与水下应用栅格翼非定常流场仿真计算数据以及水下航行体弹射试验数据对比,验证了上述预示方法的正确性及工程适用性,为水下应用栅格翼方案设计的优化及展开不同步性分析提供设计参考。