一维光子晶体反射镜的光学能带结构

运用传递矩阵方法计算了作为反射镜的碲化铅/冰晶石一维光子晶体的光学能带结构,并研究了其禁带和相对带隙宽度随晶格周期和碲化铅的填充因子的变化。     

不同截面形状复合长杆弹对陶瓷复合靶板侵彻研究

采用数值模拟技术研究了由3种不同截面形状的钨芯外包覆一层钢,形成的钢包覆层复合长杆弹在入射速度为1200m/s～1700m/s时对陶瓷/金属复合靶板的侵彻过程。结果表明:对于同一入射速度、相同弹体长度、同种材料的弹芯和包覆层以及靶板材料而言,等面积的六边形截面钨芯复合长杆弹的侵彻深度明显大于圆形及方形截面,方形及六边形截面与和它们等外接圆形成的圆形截面复合长杆弹侵彻深度没有明显差别,本研究认为这是与不同截面钨芯的外接圆直径直接相关。六边形截面长杆弹侵彻过程中的自锐化现象是其侵彻深度明显大于其它两种弹体的主要原因。     

装备外壳结构周期设计及其振动特性

将声子晶体能带理论应用于装备外壳结构设计,把装备外壳圆柱壳段设计成周期结构。基于多子结构的双协调自由界面模态综合法,计算并对比了周期圆柱壳与非周期圆柱壳对弯曲振动的衰减特性。结果表明,周期圆柱壳中有弯曲振动强衰减带隙存在,而非周期结构中则没有带隙存在。进一步研究了轴向周期复合夹层材料圆柱壳的弯曲振动特性。同样,该周期复合夹层结构中依然有弯曲振动带隙存在,且在带隙频率范围内弯曲振动传播将受到明显的抑制。最后,考虑实际装备外壳形状,研究了含周期结构圆柱段的复杂装备外壳振动特性。研究表明,经过局部周期设计的复杂装备外壳保持了带隙特性,这说明了将能带理论应用于工程实际装备外壳的振动控制具有可行性。     

溅板式层板喷注单元燃烧特性数值分析

为了获得喷注单元结构参数对喷注器燃烧特性的影响规律,利用数值分析方法对单喷嘴溅板式层板喷注单元气-气燃烧特性进行研究,考察燃烧室特征长度及出口层喷嘴宽度对气氧/甲烷流动及燃烧特性的影响。在求解气-气燃烧流场方面,采用带化学反应的湍流N-S方程进行描述,其中化学动力学反应模型采用简化的单步9组分模型。研究结果表明:燃烧室特征长度的增大有利于特征速度效率的增加;该条件下采用溅板式层板喷注单元所对应的燃烧室特征长度约为600 mm。对比分析发现,出口层喷嘴宽度取0.15 mm时,水组分摩尔分数与热力计算值差别最大;当其值取1.05 mm时,燃烧室头部区域截面温度上升最快,取0.45 mm时上升最慢。总的来说,出口层喷嘴宽度取0.75 mm时,燃烧长度最短,燃烧效率最大。     

复合固体推进剂颗粒填充模型及其统计特性分析

复合固体推进剂属于高填充比颗粒类复合材料,氧化剂和金属颗粒在基体中的随机分布使其在细观尺度具有非均质的特点。从细观尺度研究固体推进剂燃烧及力学性能时,必须考虑颗粒级配、空间分布和种类等因素的影响。采用分子动力学方法,以硝酸酯增塑聚醚高能复合固体推进剂为研究对象,将固体颗粒模型化为球形,生成其在基体内随机分布的颗粒填充模型。利用Monte-Carlo算法模拟计算颗粒填充模型细观结构的两点概率函数,并研究了颗粒填充体积分数、尺寸与级配等参数对其的影响规律。从统计意义上给出具有各态历经性、统计均匀性和各向同性特点的颗粒填充构型最小周期性代表体元尺寸,可有效减小后续研究的计算量,节约计算成本。所构建的推进剂细观几何构型及对最小周期性代表体元尺寸的计算为后续开展复合固体推进剂细观尺度燃烧、燃面处铝团聚及力学性能数值研究奠定了基础。     

CCCW对硫铝酸盐水泥固化土强度的影响

水泥土强度与自身密实度有很大关系,水泥水化生成的水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶能胶结土壤颗粒,但固化土中仍会存在大量孔隙;而水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料(CCCW)能促进水泥水化,生成不溶于水的结晶,填充固化土孔隙,提高固化土密实度。采用硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)作为主固化材料,选取CCCW作为固化土外掺剂,研究了CCCW对SAC固化土力学性能的影响。结果表明:同质量分数条件下,CCCW固化土强度平均为SAC固化土的70%左右;低质量分数CCCW复合SAC会有效提高固化土强度,但随着质量分数的增加,SAC固化土7 d强度会逐渐降低;4%的CCCW复合到12%的SAC中,固化土强度要高于20%的SAC固化土强度。     

截面为任意形状的长直螺线管的磁场分析

用毕奥 萨伐尔定律和安培环路定理计算了截面为任意形状的无限长均匀密绕载流螺线管内外的磁场分布,其结果和截面为圆形的无限长均匀密绕载流螺线管内外的磁场分布相同.     

内埋武器机弹分离动态风洞投放试验研究

基于动力学相似的动态风洞投放试验研究了尖拱圆柱体从空腔中分离的气动及运动特性,并创新性地采用快响应压敏漆技术对动态运动模型表面上的压力分布测量进行初步探索研究,试验中探究了不同空腔模型攻角(α=0°,-1.5°,-3°)及弹体在空腔内的不同位置(L₀=25 mm, 39 mm)对内埋武器机弹分离特性的影响。结果表明：弹体在空腔内的位置对机弹分离运动特性的影响最大,当L₀=25 mm时,弹体模型头部区域压力明显高于后部区域压力,产生抬头俯仰力矩,导致弹体模型俯仰角逐渐增大,最终碰撞空腔模型,降低载机攻角并未改变弹体模型碰撞空腔模型的效果。当L₀=39 mm时,弹体模型在给定的攻角下均能安全地从空腔中分离。     

适合于电路集成的PBG结构微带线

研究了光子带隙结构支撑的微带线。采用在接地板上光刻出光子带隙结构形成新型的微带线 ,利用FDTD数值仿真和实验的方法进行了研究。分析了方孔的情况 ,并对三级级联光子带隙结构构成滤波器的情况进行了研究。给出了频率传输特性曲线 ,验证了此种结构频率禁带的存在。     

坑道截面形状对爆炸冲击波传播规律的影响

为研究坑道截面形状对爆炸冲击波传播规律的影响,设计了 4种截面积相等但形状不同的坑道结构,利用有限元仿真软件对5 kg TNT球形裸装药在坑道内爆炸产生的冲击波传播过程进行了数值模拟,得到了圆形坑道内冲击波的传播规律以及不同截面形状对冲击波参数的影响规律.圆形坑道内冲击波超压峰值和比冲量的初始值最大,衰减最快;随着传播...     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.