天波超视距雷达海杂波多普勒特性分析

首先对天波超视距雷达波束入射余角范围进行估算,再根据高频电磁波与海面相互作用产生Bragg谐振散射的特性,对一阶海杂波的产生机理进行了分析,得到了一定入射余角条件下一阶海杂波的多普勒频移特性。结合产生二阶海杂波的三种情况,分析了二阶海杂波的多普勒特性,并指出了天波超视距雷达对海探测舰船目标的困难性。     

低入射余角下雷达海杂波的建模与仿真

研究了低入射余角下雷达海杂波的建模、仿真算法及实现问题。根据实际背景 ,对实测数据进行深入讨论 ,建立起一个较为准确的海杂波幅度分布模型与功率谱模型 ;针对非相参和相参两种雷达体制 ,分别采用修正的零记忆非线性变换法和球不变随机过程法来实现具有给定相关性的K分布随机数序列的产生 ,并以VisualC + +为平台实现了仿真软件。仿真结果证明了模型和算法的有效性。     

基于毫米波高分辨雷达的地杂波实测数据分析与仿真

为了对地杂波进行正确的建模仿真,针对外场试验中得到的大量真实地杂波数据,根据回波信号的典型处理过程对其加以处理和研究,将各阶段处理结果与瑞利分布、对数正态分布、韦布尔分布和相关K分布进行比对,找出了最符合实际地杂波分布的分布模型。由于实际环境复杂多变,分析了入射余角、统计时间及分辨率对杂波分布影响,对模型适应特定环境提供参考。根据分析确定的杂波模型,最后采用ZMNL法仿真实现。     

机载双基地雷达杂波特性研究

建立了机载双基地雷达在任意配置下的杂波模型,其中考虑了双基地雷达的几何配置、雷达系统的系统参数和距离模糊等实际因素对杂波谱的影响.基于该模型计算仿真了多普勒曲线、杂波的空时二维似然谱、杂波特征谱和二维改善因子图,然后基于仿真结果分析了杂波特性,得出了机载双基地雷达杂波的一些规律.对机载双基地雷达杂波特性的认识有助于开展对机载双基地雷达的杂波抑制与空时自适应处理技术研究.     

雷达杂波建模与仿真

雷达的环境杂波在雷达环境模拟中具有重要的作用,其特性可以用幅度分布特性和频率分布特性来描述。详细分析并建立了Rayleigh,LogNormal,Weibull分布和K分布等几种概率分布的雷达杂波模型,并对雷达中常见的地杂波、气象杂波、箔条杂波、海杂波等各种雷达杂波类型进行建模仿真,重点是结合ZMNL的方法特点给出具体的实现过程。最后给出了模拟杂波数据的概率密度和功率谱密度曲线,进一步验证了ZMNL杂波建模的有效性和准确性,该方法产生的杂波信号可以用于杂波模拟系统。     

地杂波雷达截面积模型分析

对雷达地杂波进行准确有效地建模在雷达性能分析中是非常重要的.在推导雷达直视距离的基础上,分析比较了地杂波雷达截面积的经典模型与改进模型相对于雷达作用距离之间的性能曲线.实例验证表明,两种模型之间的区别随着距离的增大而增大;改进模型的曲线变化趋势与实际在雷达显示器上的观察到的杂波变化情况能够较好地吻合.     

脉冲多普勒雷达导引头实时杂波模型

在下视工作方式时,地海杂波对主动雷达导引头的影响不容忽视,它将严重影响导引头截获和跟踪目标,因此分析地海杂波对主动导引头的影响进而提高导引头的抗杂波能力是非常必要的,介绍了脉冲多普勒雷达导引头接收地海杂波功率谱基本方法,以及基于数据抽取技术的高精度实时仿真模型,经分析该算法适用于主动雷达导引头及全弹的闭环实时仿真实验.     

改进的基于迭代算法的Weibull分布杂波模拟方法

杂波在雷达环境模拟中具有非常重要的地位.基于ZMNL(无记忆非线性变换法)的Weibull分布雷达杂波模型,可以很好地描述海杂波.但这种模型,因其非线性变换前后相关系数之间的关系公式复杂,很难用直观的方法求解.针对这一问题,提出了用迭代算法来求解该非线性公式的过程,并给出了应用该方法进行杂波仿真的具体步骤及仿真结果,证明了该方法的准确、可行性.     

地面雷达环境杂波回波建模仿真

针对地面雷达实际地形杂波信号不易模拟的特点,通过对相干视频信号模拟方法和地杂波后向散射特性的研究,建立了地面杂波RCS模型;利用映像法提出了面杂波回波模型以及模拟方法.最后给出了杂波回波信号的仿真结果,结果证明了该方法的可行性.     

地/海杂波背景下机载火控雷达效能评估

战斗机在对地/海攻击时,地/海杂波对机载火控雷达的工作效能会产生较大影响。分别针对无干扰和压制干扰条件下两类典型体制的机载火控雷达,给出地/海杂波功率的确定方法,建立了地/海杂波背景下机载火控雷达效能评估模型。通过仿真,分析了无干扰与压制干扰条件下地/海杂波对机载火控雷达工作效能的影响,为机载火控雷达技术的研究提供了一定参考。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.