破解民兵军事训练缺装备难题——宜丰县人武部 挖掘军地资源搞好训练保障

江西省宜丰县人武部针对训练装备不配套、器材缺乏、装备陈旧老化、质量和性能较差的问题，注重发挥军地优势，挖掘军地资源，建立一体化综合保障体系，采取征（租）用、调配和革新等多种方式解决。     

基于RBF网络的滑模变结构控制在无刷直流电机伺服系统中的应用

无刷直流电动机的参数强耦合、高度非线性特性增加了对其速度控制的难度，针对这一特点，设计了一种神经网络滑模变结构速度控制器。将无刷直流电机速度伺服系统分成名义模型和不确定模型，采用状态反馈方法对名义模型进行控制，以RBF神经网络为滑模动态补偿器对不确定系统进行控制。该方法不仪具有变结构控制的抗参数摄动、抗干扰以及速度快等优点，神经网络控制的加入还有效地减弱了单纯滑模变结构控制所带来的“抖振”现象。Matlab仿真结果表明，该控制器具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性能。     

燃料电池及其在军事领域里的应用

简介了燃料电池的组成和工作原理，燃料电池反应过程中不涉及到燃料，因而具有高效、清洁、安全等优点，简述了燃料电池种类及其特点和性能。综述了燃料电池在航天航空、地面车辆和海洋潜艇动力源以及移动电源等军事领域里应用情况。展望了燃料电池军事应用前景，并提出了质子交换膜燃料电池和直接甲醇燃料电池将是未来军事电源的主体。     

台湾空防恐将进入“空窗期”

据台湾《青年日报》近日报道，台空军为因应两岸战力日渐失衡趋势，已研拟提升包括F-16、IDF及“幻影”等现有战机的性能。台空军司令部宣称，空军在规划各型战栅性能提升方案的同时，将努力加强人员教育训练及强化战机管理，并加速推动各式新型武器装备研制案，以确保空军制空战力维持不坠。然而，岛内媒体认为，     

基于深度神经网络的OFDM系统IQ不平衡补偿技术

正交频分复用(OFDM)是现代移动通信中一项重要的物理层通信技术，并且OFDM系统要求子载波间严格正交。然而在实际系统中，振荡器和滤波器等器件的非理想特性会导致同相正交(In-phase and Quadrature-phase，IQ)不平衡，从而破坏子载波的正交性，严重影响OFDM系统的性能。本文研究了IQ不平衡对OFDM系统的影响，提出了基于并联深度神经网络的IQ不平衡补偿技术。该算法利用了深度神经网络不依赖于模型的特点，直接从接收到的频域信号恢复原输入信号的二进制序列，并利用IQ不平衡的干扰信号来自镜像子载波的先验知识来初始化神经网络，加快其网络优化的收敛速度。仿真结果表明，该算法能有效地补偿IQ不平衡失真，并且在幅度和相位失真的补偿上，其性能都优于传统的导频的最小二乘（LS）估计补偿IQ不平衡的算法，证明了深度学习方法解决物理层问题的优越性。     

基于MC-CNN网络的磁性舰船目标运动参数估计

传统磁性目标运动估计效果依赖于目标的初始状态信息，为克服这一缺陷，建立了磁性运动目标三分量投影模型，并据此生成了磁性舰船运动目标在运动速度、航向、信噪比等参数变化情况下的10类目标的训练数据集、验证数据集以及测试数据集。进一步，设计了多通道卷积神经网络（MC-CNN）对目标的正横距离和运动速度进行了估计，并比较和分析了不同的学习方式和激活函数对网络性能的影响，结果表明Adam+tanh的组合方式的估计性能要优于其它的组合方式，而且对磁性目标运动参数的估计效果比较精确，此方法相较于卡尔曼滤波、粒子滤波等估计算法的优越性在于运算复杂度低以及参数估计不需要目标初始状态信息。     

军事工程用土聚水泥材料研究

土聚水泥是一种新型高性能碱激活水泥。相对硅酸盐水泥而言，土聚水泥生产能耗低、几乎无污染，是环保型建筑胶凝材料。土聚水泥在生产工艺、性能及用途等方面集有机高聚物、陶瓷、水泥等材料的特征，同时又具有独特的性能。分析了土聚水泥的生产工艺、主要矿物组成、聚合机理、主要水化产物和性能特点以及与硅酸盐水泥的区别，并对土聚水泥在战时快速抢修抢建、工程防护和洞库的修建修补等军事工程保障中的应用作了初步探讨。     

防暴驱散车的设计研究

根据当前大规模群体性突发事件对驱散装备在作战效能、防护能力、机动性能、勤务性能等方面提出的新要求，探讨研发一种新型防暴驱散车，在其功能设定、方案选择、主战装备等的设计上进行了分析研究，给出了满足使用要求的技术途径和设计方案。     

浅谈军人衣着消费水平

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,城镇居民衣着消费品种不断增多,样式不断更新,面料质量不断改进,消费水平不断提升。与城镇居民衣着消费水平相比,军人衣着消费还存在着消费金额较低、配发品种不全,面料质量不高、防护性能较弱等问题。必须增加军服供应品种、提高服装费供应标准、建立服装补贴制度和提高作训服防护性能,确保军人衣着消费水平与城镇居民保持同步增长。     

舰船电气装备测试性标准初探

舰船电气装备的功能结构日益复杂，对其维修保障性能提出了更高的要求。为了减少舰船电气装备故障维修时间、降低全寿命周期费用，开展舰船电气装备的测试性标准研究至关重要。针对现有测试性标准可操作性不强、不配套、不明确等问题，在对国内外相关文献的研究基础上，结合舰船电气装备测试性设计研究现状，提出了制定舰船电气装备测试性标准的可行性建议，强调了故障诊断理论及测试性建模的重要性，为后续测试性标准化研究提供参考。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

新疆伊斯兰教建筑装饰艺术的特征

新疆伊斯兰教建筑装饰艺术的特征是以一种特殊的造型、形式、色彩、材质,多种多样的装饰技巧以及独有的审美特征体现出来的。是新疆伊斯兰教建筑文化体系中取得最高成就的一部分,是集实用功能、审美功能、认识教育功能于一体的艺术形式,蕴涵着地域环境、民情风俗、审美价值等丰富的内容,呈现出浓郁的风格特点。这些装饰艺术的特征,影响着人们的情绪,净化着穆斯林们的心灵,给观赏者以建筑装饰艺术的造型、色彩、纹饰的美感,获得审美的愉悦。     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Formation and impact-induced separation of tandem EFPs

The formation and separation behaviors of tandem EFPs are studied by the combination of experiments and simulations. The results show that different formation and separation processes can be obtained by adjusting the double-layer liners, and simulations agree with experiments well. Then, the interaction process between the two liners is discussed in details, and the formation and separation mechanism are revealed. It can be found that there are four phases in the formation and separation processes, including impact phase, propulsion phase, slide phase and free flight phase. During the impact phase, the velocities of two liners rise in turns with kinetic energy exchange. In the propulsion phase, the axial impact becomes insignificant, but the radial interaction between two liners influences the appearance of tandem EFPs. Meanwhile, it should be mentioned that the inner surface of foregoing EFP remains to be in contact with the outer surface of following EFP in the propulsion phase, and the following one would continue to push the foregoing one for about 10μ to 20 μs, causing the velocities of following and foregoing EFPs gradually decreasing and increasing respectively. In the slide phase, an obvious relative movement occurs between the two EFPs, and there would be barely kinetic energy exchange. Then, the two EFPs separate gradually and get into the phase of free flight. Generally, if the outer and inner liners have the same thickness, the outer copper-inner copper liners form two long EFPs, the outer copper-inner steel liners become a foregoing short steel EFP and a following long copper EFP, and the outer steel-inner copper liners produce a foregoing long copper EFP and a following conical steel EFP. In addition, thickness match also has an important impact on formation appearance and separation process for both outer copper-inner copper liners and outer steel-inner copper liners. With the thickness ratio of outer liner to inner liner decreasing, the length and length-diameter ratio of both foregoing and following EFPs increase gradually.     

全液压驱动管道机器人公理化设计

随着管道机器人应用领域与任务需求的不断增大,机器人设计中存在的问题日益突出,如输出功能相互耦合、定位精度不高以及复杂环境下可靠性低。针对石油水平井对于管道机器人的特殊应用需求,将公理化设计理论应用到机器人系统设计中,创新设计一种基于挠性支撑结构的全液压驱动管道机器人。概述公理化基本原理与设计过程,对全液压驱动管道机器人进行概念设计,完成设计耦合性分析。确定机器人机械系统与液压系统具体结构组成,并分析其工作机理。应用AMESim软件,对机器人运动原理方案进行仿真分析,结果表明:全液压驱动管道机器人可以实现自动往复运动,牵引力可以达到30 kN,运动速度可以达到0.12 m/s;机器人牵引能力与运动速度可以完成单独调节,从而实现解耦设计。     

首都周边维稳预警机制研究

在构建首都大周边维稳预警机制中,情报工作具有监测、预测和辅助决策功能。社情监测离不开情报的收集,维稳社情预测依赖于情报的分析、研判、传递与通报,危害社会安全稳定案件预控离不开情报支撑。做好首都周边地区维稳预警工作,需要健全和完善情报收集制度、情报分析和研判制度、情报送报制度、相关情报工作制度以及社会舆情信息汇集与分析制度。     

Bourdieu’s capital and insurgent group resilience:a field-theoretic approach to the polisario front

The conflict between the rebel group, the Polisario Front, and the Kingdom of Morocco is nearing its 43rd year. Though under-reported, the conflict itself garners attention for the resilience – some would say tenacity – of the ethnically Sahrawi Polisario Front. Despite shifting regional and international politics and the nearly 150,000 Sahrawi refugees waiting in nearby Algerian camps, the rebel group has survived. What explains its resilience? This article uses Bourdieu’s ‘forms of capital’ to understand the Polisario Front’s persistence. Based on field research in Algeria, Western Sahara, and the United States, it finds that social, cultural, symbolic, and economic capital may provide an explanation.     

基于区块链的地学大数据管理

随着地理观测技术、计算机网络和地理信息系统、社会调查统计的迅速发展,具有空间位置的自然环境数据正在急剧增长,上升到大数据级别。而传统的数据库已经无法满足现有地学大数据的规模和增长速度。在资源访问方面,人们更加担心数据安全与隐私保护问题。由于数据交易的双方和交易中介都是互不信任的,这显然不利于数据的共享与流通,将阻碍地学大数据产业的发展。常用地学数据管理系统主要由单一机构进行维护管理,在多方用户参与的情形下,由于无法信任数据库中的数据,每一方用户都需要一个专用数据库,这样不同数据库之间数据的差异将产生繁琐的争议。区块链的到来却给这一问题的解决带来了希望,区块链技术实现了不完全可信网络环境中的可信数据管理,具有去中心化、防篡改、不可抵赖、完整性等特性,从而为解决目前依靠中心或第三方机构存在的高成本低效率和信息安全问题提供了切实的方法。本文从区块链的共识机制、智能合约、身份验证、数据溯源等方面进行阐述,并重点分析区块链如何解决流通和共享数据的问题,让地学大数据真正得以广泛应用。