基于相关分析的坦克装甲车辆动载荷测试方法

提出了一种履带车辆动载荷的测量方法,该方法利用虚拟样机技术,根据虚拟实验所测得负重轮轮轴上的载荷和车体上特定测点的加速度进行统计分析,推导出二者之间的统计相关函数关系。在实车试验时,仅测量车体相应测点的加速度,再利用所得到的与动载荷相关关系间接测量负重轮上的输入载荷。其优点是可以不借助于测量轮进行载荷测量,具有一定的经济性和可操作性。     

Adaptive control of track tension estimation using radial basis function neural network

Track tension is a major factor influencing the reliability of a track. In order to reduce the risk of track peel-off, it is necessary to keep track tension constant. However, it is difficult to measure the dynamic tension during off-road operation. Based on the analysis of the relation and external forces depending on free body diagrams of the idler, idler arm, road wheel and road arm, a theoretical estimation model of track tension is built. Comparing estimation results with multibody dynamics simulation results, the rationality of track tension monitor is validated. By the aid of this monitor, a track tension control system is designed, which includes a self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on radial basis function neural network, an electro-hydraulic servo system and an idler arm. The tightness of track can be adjusted by turning the idler arm. Simulation results of the vehicle starting process indicate that the controller can reach different expected tensions quickly and accurately. Compared with a traditional PID controller, the proposed controller has a stronger anti-disturbance ability by amending control pa-rameters online.     

测试轮直径对路面不平度测试精度的影响

在加速度信号的路面不平度测量过程中,由于测试轮的几何外形对路面的滤波作用,会对功率谱密度的测量产生误差。为解决这一问题,在仿真环境下,通过测量在给定路面等级的随机路上行驶的测试装置测试轮的响应,研究不同直径的测试轮对同一路面不平度的滤波作用,分析其影响关系,从而为路面不平度测试装置测试轮轮径的选择提供参考。     

一类装甲车辆对不平路面的激励响应模型

研究内容为(轮式、履带)车辆在不平路面行驶和通过障碍时的平顺性问题。利用状态方程法建立了包括随机和确定路面轮廓、3维车体等较为通用的车辆行驶平顺性模型。并针对行驶振动中车轮与悬架的碰撞建立了专门模型。对某型装甲车辆进行了计算机仿真和验证,对模型的精度和有效性进行检验和评估。结果表明所建立的车辆-地面系统模型是有效的。该模型和建模采用的方法为装甲车辆的系统设计和动力学分析提供了一条途径。     

高速履带车辆在坚实地面转向机理研究

运用系统分析的方法,研究坚实地面条件下高速履带车辆转向过程理论及其计算机仿真。以履带滑动转向理论为基础,考虑影响履带车辆转向的诸多因素(质心位置、负荷分布等),建立了履带车辆转向过程动力学模型。并为求解模型中的微分一代数混合方程,编写相应程序进行了仿真计算,对高低速2种情况下高速履带车辆的转向过程进行了计算机仿真实验,仿真计算的结果与实车野外实验的结果呈现一致性。特别在分析履带车辆高速转向过程中研究了离心力通过履带接地压力而对履带车辆转向过程的影响。     

Noise and vibration measurements in a Viking military vehicle

Noise and whole-body vibration measurements were made in a Viking military vehicle to determine the variation that should be expected during repeat measures, the effect of speed (up to 60 km/h in 5 km/h increments), and during travel over different types of terrain (comprising concrete road, gravel track and rough cross-country). Measurements were made at various crew positions (including the driver and commander) in both the front and the rear cabs in the vehicles. Three translational axes of vibration were measured in each seat. Two speeds were investigated over road (35 km/h and 55–60 km/h) and gravel (20 km/h and 35 km/h) surfaces. The effect of varying speed of the vehicle on the measured noise and vibration magnitudes was also investigated. The highest sound pressure level (L_Aeq) of 104 dB(A) was measured at the commander’s standing position during travel over concrete road at 55 km/h. Higher noise levels occurred for a standing commander compared with when sitting on the seat. A maximum single axis frequency-weighted vibration magnitude of 1.0 m/s² r.m.s. was measured on the driver’s seat during travel over track at 35 km/h. Higher vibration magnitudes occurred during travel over track compared with travel over road. Both noise and vibration exposure of crew within the Viking vehicle increased with increasing speed of the vehicle.     

一种基于余弦定理罐壁变形测量的新方法

立式圆柱形钢制油罐在运行过程中，由于各种原因可能导致罐顶和罐壁的吸瘪变形。油罐修复时需要确定其承载和变形的相关数据，根据余弦定理提出了一种能对罐壁变形，特别是洞库和覆土罐罐壁变形进行测量的方法，同时介绍了该方法所需要的测量尺的制作方法。通过300m^3油罐罐壁测量的结果表明，该方法在实际操作中是可行的。提出的方法为确定油罐变形修复方案提供科学依据。     

基于CZT的频谱细化算法及应用

针对复杂信号频域特征提取问题,利用Delphi语言编写了Zoom-FFT和基于CZT的频谱细化方法应用软件,以某型坦克传动箱振动速度信号为例进行了对比分析,验证了算法的有效性和程序设计的正确性。结果表明：基于CZT的频谱细化方法具有运算效率高、细化效果好等优点,可以在复杂信号分析中推广应用。     

Driving force coordinated control of an 8 ×8 in-wheel motor drive vehicle with tire-road friction coefficient identification

Because of the complexities of tire-road interaction,the wheels of a multi-wheel distributed electric drive vehicle can easily slip under certain working conditions.As wheel slip affects the dynamic per-formance and stability of the vehicle,it is crucial to control it and coordinate the driving force.With this aim,this paper presents a driving force coordination control strategy with road identification for eight-wheeled electric vehicles equipped with an in-wheel motor for each wheel.In the proposed control strategy,the road identification module estimates tire-road forces using an unscented Kalman filter al-gorithm and recognizes the road adhesion coefficient by employing the recursive least-square method.According to road identification,the optimal slip ratio under the current driving condition is obtained,and a controller based on sliding mode control with a conditional integrator uses this value for accel-eration slip regulation.The anti-slip controller obtains the adjusting torque,which is integrated with the driver-command-based feedforward control torque to implement driving force coordination control.The results of hardware-in-loop simulation show that this control strategy can accurately estimate tire-road forces as well as the friction coefficient,and thus,can effectively fulfill the purpose of driving force coordinated control under different driving conditions.     

中锰铸钢坦克履带板连接筋的喷丸强化处理

针对新研制的中锰铸钢坦克履带板装车考核中的特点,提出了对连接筋实施喷丸强化处理的预强化方案.分析了喷丸强化层的组织和硬化特性;还通过连接筋的3点弯曲疲劳试验,探讨了喷丸强化对连接筋疲劳裂纹形成的影响.研究认为,对中锰铸钢坦克履带板连接筋进行喷丸强化预处理,是提高其整体使用寿命的重要途径.     

倾斜地面上软体油罐储油形态数值分析

软体油罐罐体与罐内液体的相互作用为典型的流构耦合问题。采用有限元分析软件LS—DYNA，首先通过控制体积法得到了软体油罐充液后的有限元模型，然后采用任意拉格朗日欧拉算法分析了地面倾斜时软体油罐的形态表现，研究了储液体积恒定时，地面倾角与储液高度的关系。提出了倾斜地面上软体油罐体积计算的修正公式，模拟情况和实际情况比较接近，为软质储液容器的测量及误差修正提供了重要的参考依据。     

基于3D模型的运加油车辆纵向稳定性校核

在运加油车辆纵向稳定性校核中，准确确定在坡道使车辆倾翻最危险时罐内油料的装载量和质心位置是关键。由于罐体形状的复杂性，使得理论计算非常困难。介绍了利用3D模型对运加油车稳定性校核的新方法，该方法可快速准确地求解各种复杂罐体运加油车在坡道上不同装载量下的质心位置。     

多转子-轴承系统虚拟样机建模及仿真

以LMS Virtual.Lab Motion为开发环境建立了某传动箱多转子-轴承系统虚拟样机,导入PRO/E模型文件进行简化,建立实体模型。针对目前所建立的齿轮传动系统虚拟样机过于简化的情况,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度的非线性扭转振动模型。通过组合副和用户自定义程序,实现了齿轮副和轴承端的耦合振动模型。仿真结果表明:通过虚拟样机仿真的方法获得载荷谱是可行的,其可用于深入研究传动箱的振动分析、强度校核和寿命预测。     

履带销磨损寿命预测仿真

履带销是自行火炮推进装置中重要的传力元件。针对履带销磨损的情况建立了接触应力模型,谱块磨损量模型和磨损阈值模型,并对履带销的磨损寿命进行仿真预测。结果表明,仿真结果与实际情况符合。     

路面对坦克火炮动态特性影响的计算机模拟

就不平地面行驶时坦克火炮系统的动态特性进行了动力学建模和仿真,主要包括:通过随机抽样法建立双侧不平地面模型,采用状态方程法建立三维车体、双侧任意车轮、任意位置座椅在内的坦克底盘的振动模型、火炮的运动模型,并编制相应的程序进行了仿真。将路面-坦克-火炮相互作用过程体现出来,更加全面和客观地反映了坦克行进过程中火炮的动态特性,比实车测量法获得火炮运动特性的方法更为高效和系统,对于坦克火控系统的综合仿真有着积极的作用。     

基于虚拟试验环境下履带车辆滚动阻力系数的测试

通过建立履带车辆道路滚动阻力系数测试虚拟样机模型,在虚拟试验环境下测量了典型路面条件下的滚动阻力系数,研究了车辆行驶速度、履刺高度等因素对滚动阻力系数的影响.通过虚拟测试试验结果和实际测量结果的对比分析,验证了虚拟试验方法在道路滚动阻力系数测试中的可行性.     

高原地区车辆轮毂轴承润滑脂失效分析及对策

通过轮毂轴承润滑脂流失理论计算,轮毂轴承温度场模拟仿真及润滑脂的流变学研究,分析了高原地区车辆轮毂轴承润滑脂流失失效原因,并进行了实验室验证试验、行车验证试验及轮毂轴承润滑脂使用性能评定方法研究,提出了解决高原地区车辆轮毂轴承润滑脂流失失效的方法.     

应急机场沥青道面高温稳定性试验研究

利用MTS～810型材料伺服试验机对应急机场道面沥青混凝土进行了高温条件下车辙试验和蠕变试验。试验结果表明：随应力的增大，沥青混凝土的弹性应变增大，塑性应力增大，破坏时间提前，应变的发展速度越来越快；得出了应急机场道面沥青混凝土的粘、弹性参数与应力的关系及本构模型；求出了不同机型的不同胎压作用下应急机场面层沥青混凝土的动稳定度；根据应急机场跑道上的飞机重复作用次数及车辙试验结果，计算了不同胎压作用下应急机场沥青混凝土面层的变形厚度，在允许寿命内面层沥青混凝土的动稳定度满足要求。     

Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank,impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/AL/W reactive material projectile(RMP)with a density of 7.8 g/cm3,is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fuel tank is a rectangular structure,welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm,and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene.Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s,and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed.However,the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene.Based on the experimental results,the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld.For mechanism considerations,the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank,thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects.Moreover,to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP,the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically.The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene,resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.     

湿热环境中油罐防腐设计

湿热环境中油罐的腐蚀主要体现为电化学腐蚀的特征，适宜的防腐措施对提高油罐的建设质量，减缓油罐的腐蚀速度，延长油罐的使用寿命，减小维护费用等具有积极的意义。从分析湿热环境中油罐腐蚀规律出发，介绍了油罐内外壁防腐涂层的选用原则，对3000m^3地面立式油罐的牺牲阳极电法保护进行了设计计算，提出了施工方法，对湿热环境中油罐防腐具有指导意义。