飞机运动特征对动态RCS序列的影响分析

针对超音速隐身飞机难以探测的问题,仿真分析了F-22飞机在不同运动特征下的动态RCS,并对其频率响应和极化响应特性做进一步的研究。首先设定飞行航迹,并考虑实际中随机抖动的影响,获取时变的雷达视线姿态角;其次应用物理光学并结合等效电磁流的方法,计算分析了飞机以不同的速度沿不同航迹飞行时的动态RCS。对于使飞机动态RCS变化最明显的运动特征,仿真计算了其在不同频段、不同极化下的动态RCS。仿真结果表明:在不同航迹下,飞机速度对其动态RCS的影响程度不同,且当飞机沿小航路捷径低速或者高速飞行时,其RCS值减小最为明显,利用极化响应和频率响应特性可以有效地削弱这一影响。研究成果对于超音速隐身飞机目标的预警探测具有重要意义。     

基于坐标转换目标动态RCS时间序列研究

考虑目标机体坐标系与地面雷达坐标系之间的坐标转换关系,计算得到了雷达视线在目标坐标系中的方位角和高低角。通过对典型目标建模,得到目标全空域的静态RCS值,并利用Matlab仿真分析了动态目标的RCS特性和突防概率变化。仿真结果表明:不同飞行高度以及不同的航路捷径均可以影响机动目标的RCS序列,且当目标作适当的俯仰机动后,减小了目标RCS,给作战飞机设计飞行航线提供仿真依据,给成功实现突防带来一定影响。     

弹道导弹威胁估计模型构建

简要分析了弹道导弹飞行3个阶段的不同特点及各阶段导弹预警探测手段的侧重点,结合威胁估计的特征构建了弹道导弹威胁估计模型结构框架,运用多阶段贝叶斯网络理论,构造了主动段、自由段和再入段威胁估计模型,并明确了三阶段间的转换时机。采用动态贝叶斯方法对弹道导弹作战全过程进行威胁估计仿真推理,仿真结果能够反映导弹在飞行过程中威胁程度的变化特点,为反导指挥员作出辅助决策提供智力支持。     

机动目标的航空集群协同探测策略

航空集群协同探测问题,是集群作战研究的重要内容,其中对隐身目标在不同机动,不同极化方式下的集群动态RCS研究是重点和难点问题。在双基地雷达建模和坐标转换的前提下,对隐身目标的两种典型机动——匀加速机动和匀速转弯机动进行建模,在HH、VV两种极化方式下,运用线性插值法对动态RCS进行时序分析。仿真结果表明,两种机动模型下,随着时间变化,动态RCS起伏波动较大,在匀加速运动模型下,HH、VV极化所引起的RCS差异性较大,匀速转弯模型下,不同极化方式带来的影响较小。     

雷达目标动静态多极化回波仿真分析

针对建立雷达目标动态多极化回波模型问题,提出了一种基于FEKO软件的快速多极化动态RCS仿真方法。首先通过静态目标多极化回波仿真得到全空域RCS数据,再根据预先设定的两种航迹,经过坐标转换得到雷达相对于飞机的实时方位和俯仰角,最后通过仿真得到HH,VH,VV和HV 4种极化方式的动态RCS序列。仿真结果可为目标隐身与反隐身技术研究提供参考。     

反导部署的掩护角分析

合理部署和有效评估一直是地空导弹反导作战的一个难题,影响反导部署效能的关键因素很多,作为火力单位可抗击弹道导弹来袭方向范围的掩护角是其中之一。在火力单位对弹道导弹掩护区的基础上,分析得出当保卫目标位于掩护区的不同位置时,火力单位对其具有不同的掩护角。将掩护区以火力单位为中心、以不同的距离为半径划分为多个区域。给出了保卫目标处于各个区域时,火力单位对其掩护角的计算方法。     

多功能相控阵雷达在反导预警系统中的应用

战术弹道导弹的防御是当今军事斗争中一个重要问题,而防御首先需要解决的是预警问题,多功能相控阵雷达因为其突出的性能,在反导预警系统中具有核心的地位。首先对战术弹道导弹进行了概述,指出了多功能相控阵雷达的性能特点,接着讨论了多功能相控阵雷达反导模式的工作原理和探测能力,并给出了仿真分析,然后指出了多功能相控阵雷达的关键技术,最后就开展多功能相控阵雷达技术研究提出了建议。     

基于RCS幅值特性相似度的浮空式角反射体布放态势寻优

为应对常规雷达制导反舰导弹的威胁,采用理论分析和建模仿真方法,基于雷达目标的一类重要电磁散射特性——雷达散射截面积(RCS,radar cross section),对双棱锥形浮空式角反射体布放态势进行了寻优,得到了一种与反导舰艇逼近度较高的角反射体阵列。结果表明:考虑角反射体阵列与目标舰艇的RCS幅值特性相似度,较优的布放态势为[6,15],[8,20],[9,15],[11,15],其中在[6,15]情形下,二者相似度达到60.9%。     

面向反导预警作战的雷达交接班时机选择方法

针对反导预警作战过程中远程预警相控阵雷达(early-warning radar,EWR)和多功能地基相控阵雷达(ground-based radar,GBR)探测跟踪弹道导弹的交接班问题,提出了一种可行的雷达交接班时机选择方法.该方法通过卡尔曼滤波对弹道目标进行滤波定轨,基于目标瞬时运动状态估算目标剩余飞行距离,并依据GBR对目标的探测定位精度(geometrical dilution of precision,GDOP)进行接班时机优选,以支持反导预警作战雷达交接班决策.最后,通过一个实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

海上机动目标群威胁预警建模及仿真实现

在陆基弹道导弹与海上机动目标的攻防作战过程中,需要研究双方火力控制范围的变化情况,并对海上机动目标群的威胁进行报警.根据海上机动目标运动特性,提出用灰色模型与自回归时序AR组合建模方法构建机动目标运动预测模型.依据此模型对双方火力控制区的变化进行预测,最后给出了海上机动目标威胁预警仿真系统的实现思路.解决了陆基弹道导弹对抗海上机动目标群的作战保障工程的部分问题,具有较强军事应用价值.     

BALLISTIC TRAJECTORY

North Korea has been one of the world's most active suppliers of ballistic missile systems since the mid-1980s, but the nature of its missile export business has changed significantly during this period. Unclassified, publicly available data show that the great majority of known deliveries of complete missile systems from North Korea occurred before 1994. The subsequent fall-off took place a decade too early to be explained by the Proliferation Security Initiative of 2003. It can be explained by a combination of factors that have reduced demand. First, after selling production equipment for ballistic missiles to many states, especially in the Middle East, North Korea by the late 1990s had become primarily a supplier of missile parts and materials, not complete systems. Second, after Operation Desert Storm, some missile-buying states shifted their attention away from ballistic missiles in favor of manned aircraft, cruise missiles, and missile defense systems supplied by Western powers. Third, some states experienced pressure from the United States to curtail their dealings with North Korea. During the last decade, having shed most of its previous customer base, North Korea has entered a phase of collaborative missile development with a smaller number of state partners, particularly Iran and Syria. Its known sales of complete missile systems are relatively small and infrequent. North Korea's time as missile supplier to the Middle East at large has ended, but there is a risk that regional states will turn to North Korea as a supplier of nuclear technology in the future.     

基于系统动力学的导弹综合防护体系仿真

在未来高技术战争中,弹道导弹武器的作用越来越大,它已成为各国战略威胁手段和对敌实施纵深打击的主要力量之一,也是敌攻击的首选目标,因此对导弹阵地综合防护体系的研究就显得十分重要.在给出导弹阵地综合防护体系的框架后,建立了基于系统动力学的综合防护体系模型,在不同仿真条件下对模型进行仿真并分析了仿真结果,得出了对综合防护体系效能影响大的因素.     

弹道导弹突防措施分析

简要介绍了弹道导弹面临的典型防御系统。针对该防御系统,提出了弹道导弹所能采取的典型突防手段,并将弹道导弹突防措施分为反侦察类突防和反拦截类突防两部分,介绍了反侦察类突防中的电子干扰、诱饵、隐身、助推段策略以及反拦截类突防中的加强防御策略、导弹机动发射与飞行、多弹头策略等。为研究弹道导弹突防技术提供参考。     

Did Star Wars Help End the Cold War? Soviet Response to the SDI Program

The Strategic Defense Initiative was a U.S. missile defense program that played a very prominent role in the U.S.–Soviet relationships in the 1980s and is often credited with helping end the Cold War, as it presented the Soviet Union with a technological challenge that it could not meet. This article introduces several official Soviet documents to examine Soviet response to SDI. The evidence suggests that although the Soviet Union expressed serious concerns about U.S. missile defense program, SDI was not a decisive factor in advancing arms control negotiations. Instead, the program seriously complicated U.S.–Soviet arms control process. SDI also failed to dissuade the Soviet Union from investing in development of ballistic missiles. The Soviet Union quickly identified ways to avoid a technological arms race with the United States and focused on development of advanced missiles and anti-satellite systems to counter missile defenses. Some of these programs have been preserved to the current day.     

Missile defense and strategic stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea

South Korea is threatened by its troubled relationship with North Korea. North Korea possesses a large cache of missiles as well as chemical and biological weapons, and the future potential to mount nuclear weapons on its missiles. The United States is also challenged because of its defense commitments to Seoul. As a countermeasure, the United States and South Korea decided to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defenses in South Korea. However, China has objected. Chinese scholars believe the THAAD radar would be able to track Chinese inter-continental ballistic missiles, thereby weakening their deterrent. A technical analysis does not support this assertion. However, it is vital for South Korea, given its proximity and economic interdependence, to reassure China. South Korea should highlight that THAAD will be deployed by the United States Forces Korea and is not a commitment by Seoul to become part of U.S.-led missile defenses in the Asia-Pacific.     

基于EKF算法的弹道导弹助推段跟踪建模与仿真

围绕弹道导弹助推段跟踪问题,分析了助推段反弹道导弹的基本作战过程,建立了弹道导弹助推段动力学模型,分别就单传感器/单弹道导弹和多传感器/多弹道导弹两种情况建立了基于EKF算法的弹道导弹助推段跟踪模型,并通过算例验证了模型和算法的有效性,可为助推段反弹道导弹建模与仿真提供一定的参考。     

The Obama administration's phased-adaptive architecture: technological,operational and political issues

In 2009, the Obama administration announced a new missile defense strategy, termed a phased-adaptive architecture (PAA) focused primarily on countering the growing threat from theater ballistic missiles. The success of this strategy is predicated on the rapid development and fielding of successive increments of defensive capability in a manner adapted to the specific requirements for missile defenses in different regions of the world. The administration is committed to building a European regional missile defense system, the European PAA or EPAA between now and 2020. The first elements of the EPAA were deployed in late 2011. However, much progress is still required in order to reach the goals set for the PAA. This article addresses the technological, operational and political issues confronting the Obama administration in its efforts to make the PAA a reality.     

弹道导弹突防措施分析

简要介绍了弹道导弹面临的典型防御系统。针对该防御系统,提出了弹道导弹所能采取的典型突防手段,并将弹道导弹突防措施分为反侦察类突防和反拦截类突防两部分,介绍了反侦察类突防中的电子干扰、诱饵、隐身、助推段策略以及反拦截类突防中的加强防御策略、导弹机动发射与飞行、多弹头策略等。为研究弹道导弹突防技术提供参考。     

弹道导弹滚动飞行稳定仿真

弹道导弹在助推段需要滚动突防,减少强激光照射的驻留时间,可以有效地对抗激光反导,但姿态稳定的实现则有很大的不同。利用经典控制理论和多变量频域理论设计了导弹的自动驾驶仪,仿真结果表明,对静不稳定导弹的一级助推段可以实现低滚速下的稳定飞行。     

基于仿真实验的弹道导弹阵地优选

合理部署弹道导弹位置对于提高作战效能具有至关重要的作用。基于解析计算的优化方法难以反映环境因素、武器装备的技术和动力特性等不确定性因素对部署位置的影响,求得的结果存在置信度低的问题。故将解析法与仿真实验相结合,以体系对抗条件下弹道导弹作战效能评估的数学模型为基础,建立了由各种作战实体和行动的模型聚合而成的弹道导弹攻防对抗仿真模型,然后通过仿真实验找出最优部署位置,最后给出了应用示例。实验表明该方法具有速度快、效率高、结果清晰直观的特点,可为指挥员提供科学、快速的决策支持。