我国现有军民科技协同创新体系的问题及对策探究

<正>本文通过分析我国现阶段科技军民融合面临的一些问题和不足,并结合当前我国实际国情,对我国军民科技协同创新体系的构建与发展对策进行了探究,为加强军民科技协同创新能力、推进军民融合深度发展提出了一些建议。科技军民融合作为国家创新驱动、军民融合和改革强军三大发展战略的交汇点,是提高军民科技协同创新水平的重要支撑,更是统筹国防建设与经济建设融合发展的重大举措。为推动军民融合深度发     

浅议军队人才队伍建设军民融合深度发展

正中央军委习近平主席强调,"要深化军队体制编制调整改革,推进军队政策制度调整改革,推动军民融合深度发展,改革完善依托国民教育培养军事人才的政策制度"。推进军队人才队伍建设军民融合深度发展,是贯彻落实党中央、中央军委和习主席关于加强军民融合式发展重大战略思想的实际举措,也是适应信息化战争人才建设要求,提高人才队伍建设质量和效益,有效履行新使命新任务的迫切需要。     

军民融合战备物资储备政策制度研究

权威有力、赏罚分明的政策制度是军民融合战备物资储备的重要保证，也是确保战备物资储备工作运行体制顺畅的遵循依据。本文从政策层面、法律制度层面就进一步完善军民融合战备物资储备政策制度进行了深入探讨，重点突出了投资政策、产业政策和扶持政策制度。在调整完善法律法规制度建议中，特别指出要出台与我海外军事行动后勤保障相适应的法律法规制度。     

全方位军民融合 实现富国强军

"全方位军民融合",是指一国国防建设与经济建设在经济、科技、教育、服务保障、动员等各个方面逐步走向融合的过程和状态。全方位军民融合领域中所涉及的全方位军民融合制度内涵丰富,主要包括五个方面的全方位军民融合的领导决策制度、全方位军民融合的规划计划制度、全方位军民融合的技术标准制度、全方位军民融合的组     

美国科技工业军民一体化建设研究

为了缓解国防建设与经济建设的矛盾,提高军事经济效益,美国大力推进军民一体化建设。其主要做法是建设军民一体化军事工业体系、军事科技工业管理体系,构筑军民一体化的军事科技工业基础,营造军民一体化的政策环境。这些做法对于我国走军民融合式发展道路具有借鉴意义。     

国防科技工业军民融合发展面临的体制机制问题及对策

推进国防科技工业军民融合发展,应进一步完善军民融合的宏观、中观和微观管理体制;健全军民融合的运行机制,包括竞争机制、评价监督机制、激励机制、军民技术成果双向扩散和交流机制等,充分利用中介机构参与军工企业改造;清理现行法律法规中与军民融合政策相冲突的条款,推进军民融合相关政策上升到法规规章层次,加强空白领域法规制度建设,为国防科技工业军民融合式发展提供强有力的制度保障。     

对加强军事信息系统军民融合式发展法规制度及机制建设的思考

正党的十八大报告强调要加强军民融合式发展战略规划、体制机制建设、法规建设,这一要求抓住了影响军民融合式发展的主要矛盾和问题。当前,军事信息系统军民融合式发展已进入形成体系格局的关键期,必须针对军队信息化建设中"有融合办法,无支撑法规""有协调机制,无保障制度"两个突出问题,进一步完善相关法律法规和政策制度体系,健全长效运行机制,打通"资源整合、力量共用、项目共建、成果共享"的法规制度通道,把军事信息系统军民融合式发展的各项建设纳入科学化、法制化、规范化轨道。     

美国创新体系军民深度融合发展特点及启示

美国具有全球最为先进的军事科技实力、军事科技创新能力和国防保障能力,美国的科技创新体系具有军民融合深度发展的特点,在军民融合创新发展上没有明显的时间滞后,是世界上军民融合科技创新体系发展最好的典型样板国家。论文梳理分析美国国防创新系统及其特点,分析美国国防科技经费预算、研究方向和项目流程,研究分析美国促进军民融合创新与发展的制度保障体系,总结美国创新体系中军民深度融合发展的特点,解析美国军民融合发展中的典型案例、各自成功的模式和主要经验,并结合我国军民融合发展的实际情况提出建议。     

论科技动员军民融合深度发展的契合点

军民融合发展战略上升为国家战略后,为新形势下科技动员军民融合深度发展指明了方向,提出了更高的要求。以科技动员发展的内在规律为切入点,从机制、政策、技术、法律和规范五个方面研究了科技动员军民融合深度发展的契合点,促进新形势下扎实推进科技动员全面建设。     

军民融合发展法律问题探析

我国国防科技工业在遵循军民融合发展中,存在相关法律法规冲突、政策需求掩盖法律法规需求、制度创新滞后于发展理念等问题。当前,为推进国防科技工业军民融合发展,应该在立法上建构国防科技工业军民融合发展法律体系,在司法上建构军民纠纷处理协调机制。     

论高校“形势与政策”课程建设

本文对“形势与政策”课的基本任务、基本特点进行了分析，并就如何加强“形势与政策”课程建设问题进行了探讨。     

Demobilisation,disarmament and reintegration in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The numbers game

Abstract

The creation of the Africa Command (AFRICOM) has reflected the growth in the strategic importance of Africa in US foreign policy since the end of the 1990s. One of the objectives of this new geographical military command is to forge closer links between foreign, security and development policies. However, this approach met with a number of difficulties associated with the challenge of ‘inter-agency cooperation’ among rather disparate actors from foreign affairs, defence and development. In addition, the establishment of AFRICOM has met with fierce criticism in the US and elsewhere – especially in Africa – culminating in the charge that the US foreign and development policies in Africa are being militarised. Although AFRICOM has a number of interesting features, this paper shows that it has reacted to these criticisms by realigning itself more closely with the traditional model of a military command, at the expense of the innovative interagency elements.     

The underlying causes of military outsourcing in the USA and UK: bridging the persistent gap between ends,ways and means since the beginning of the Cold War

This article reappraises the two most-studied country cases of military outsourcing: the USA and the UK. It argues that the contemporary wave of military contracting stretches back to the beginning of the cold war and not only to the demobilisation of armies in the 1990s or the neoliberal reforms introduced since the 1980s. It traces the political, technological and ideational developments that laid the groundwork for these reforms and practices since the early cold war and account for its endurance today. Importantly, it argues that a persistent gap between strategic objectives and resources, i.e. the challenge to reconcile ends and means, is an underlying driver of military contracting in both countries. Contemporary contracting is thus most closely tied to military support functions in support of wider foreign and defence political objectives. Security services in either state may not have been outsourced so swiftly, if at all, without decades of experience in outsourcing military logistics functions and the resultant vehicles, processes and familiarities with public-private partnerships. The article thus provides a wider and deeper understanding of the drivers of contractualisation, thereby improving our understanding of both its historical trajectory and the determinants of its present and potential futures.     

Command and Control of India's Nuclear Forces

The Indian government has not made a public comment about the status of its nuclear weapon program since approving a nuclear doctrine in 2003. However, there is now enough information in the public domain to determine that the command-and-control system for the nuclear program has steadily matured in accordance with the intent of the approved nuclear doctrine. The Indian government has successfully mitigated many of the issues that plague the conventional military. The result is a basic command-and-control system that is focused only on the delivery, if ordered by the prime minister, of nuclear weapons. The system is not as robust as those of the United States and Russia, but is in place and ready as new Indian nuclear weapons enter into operation. The command-and-control system is developing to meet India's needs and political compulsions, but not necessarily as part of a more assertive nuclear policy.     

Newsvendor bounds and heuristics for serial supply chains with regular and expedited shipping

We study an infinite‐horizon, N‐stage, serial production/inventory system with two transportation modes between stages: regular shipping and expedited shipping. The optimal inventory policy for this system is a top–down echelon base‐stock policy, which can be computed through minimizing 2N nested convex functions recursively (Lawson and Porteus, Oper Res 48 (2000), 878–893). In this article, we first present some structural properties and comparative statics for the parameters of the optimal inventory policies, we then derive simple, newsvendor‐type lower and upper bounds for the optimal control parameters. These results are used to develop near optimal heuristic solutions for the echelon base‐stock policies. Numerical studies show that the heuristic performs well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

The Regional Economic Effects of Military Base Realignments and Closures

This paper empirically investigates the impact of military base realignments and closures on regional economic activity in light of the 2005 round of Base Realignment and Closure actions. Baseline regressions with county-level data show employment multipliers comparable to those generated from conventional input–output models. However, controlling for possible endogeneity and other regional-specific factors, regressions indicate more tenuous results for spillover effects from the military to the private sector. Only the contractor type of base employment generated economically and statistically meaningful impacts on local employment. In addition, there is strong evidence of asymmetric effects between military buildups and drawdowns.     

中美采办政策的若干差异和对策建议

通过对中美两国武器装备采办政策的对比分析,提出当前我国武器装备研制与管理政策方面的若干建议。     

Economic Espionage

We explore the efficacy of counterespionage measures in the realm of Economic Espionage. Although it is possible that increasing counterespionage measures has the desired effect of increasing domestic research and development (R&D) and reducing espionage by foreign entities, it is also possible that these increased measures actually do just the opposite: domestic R&D suffers and foreign stealing increases. We identify the appropriate settings for increased counterespionage measures and provide some policy advice.     

Transforming the Spanish military

The article analyses the Spanish military transformation. This process started in 2004 as a means to adapt the force structure, organization and capabilities of the Spanish military to meet present and future threats in compliance with NATO’s initiatives, thus ensuring the continuity of the equipment modernization, professionalization and the adjustment of the country’s defence architecture to the post-cold war environment. A decade later, although transformation is still a priority for the Ministry of Defence, limited political will, a lack of strategic guidance, poor resource management and the effects of the economic crisis are compromising its development. This article describes the Spanish military transformation and assesses its value in adapting the country’s armed forces to the current and prospective security environment.     

What Is Known About Defence Research And Development Spill-Overs?

This article surveys the body of available evidence regarding the spill-over effects of defence R&D. It reviews the routes through which defence R&D spills over to the economy with positive externalities – in terms of new products, technologies or processes; the barriers that impede or block such a process; potential negative repercussions, and the measure of such effects. The main conclusion is that the uncertainty of these effects, and the inaccurate appraisal of their value, hardly supports informed decisions concerning defence R&D policies.