战士自我意识发展变化对部队管理的影响及对策

自我意识是影响部队管理的一个重要心理因素。新时期,青年战士的自我意识发生了一些新的变化,对部队管理产生了积极影响与不利影响。对此,基层管理中应采取三种办法增强效能:挖掘潜能、因势利导、制定适度目标。     

政工干部心理健康的自我维护

军队政工干部面临着生活、工作中的许多压力,承受着较重的心理负荷。因为他们一方面要解决好自身遇到的心理、思想问题,同时还要承担起对他人的思想、心理进行教育和疏导工作。他们自身的心理健康状况如何,直接影响着本人的生活质量、工作效率、学习能力等。同时,还通过外显和内隐的方式影响着他周围的人们,尤其是受教育者。可见,加强政工干部心理健康的维护具有极其重要的现实意义。影响政工干部心理健康的原因(一)理想我与现实我的矛盾冲突。一个人的自我意识水平高低,直接影响着个性的完善与成熟,进而影响到心理健康状况。自我意识在心理…     

领导者实施批评的艺术

实施批评是领导者在工作中经常使用的一种方式方法。由于批评是一种负强化，具有一定的刺激作用，一般人不大乐于接受。虽然人们并不反对善意的批评，但也要求领导者讲究批评的艺术，使人们在如沐春风、如饮甘霖中达成问题的解决。特别在新形势下，人们普遍有了自己新型的人格观，个个都渴望得到尊重、理解、关心和爱护，这就要求领导者在实施批评时，要以艺术的批评去感化人、促进人、激励人、帮助人、升华人，使被批评者仿佛在观赏美、感受美中纠错进步。     

影响上下级交往的心理因素透视

上下级交往关系，是指领导者与被领导者在完成共同工作目标的过程中所进行的相互交往和联系。作为领导者，从上下级交往的具体活动中去探析人们的交往心理，透过这些心理了解部属的心理优势、发现部属的工作潜能、掌握部属群体心理需要的构成状态，对于实行有效管理十分必要。那么，哪些心理因素会影响上下级交往关系呢？主要有以下六种因素。     

影响上下级交往的心理因素透视

上下级交往关系,是指领导者与被领导者在完成共同工作目标的过程中所进行的相互交往和联系。作为领导者,从上下级交往的具体活动中去探析人们的交往心理,透过这些心理了解部属的心理优势,发现部属的工作潜     

官兵社会交往增多的现象与对策

官兵社会交往增多的现象与对策冯少权随着改革开放的不断深入,人们的交际意识增强,干部战士与社会交往的渠道也不断增多,给部队正常的军营生活带来了一定影响,值得引起重视,应当加以正确引导。一、官兵社会交往增多的主要表现一是亲友来队的较多。过去,由于人们生活...     

探索适应基层战士特点的教育形式

教育组织形式是增强政治教育活力和效果的重要因素。新的历史时期 ,随着社会和科学技术的进步和发展 ,社会进步对公民素质要求的不断提高 ,人们的观念、价值取向和社会生活方式在系列地变化着 ,基层政治教育的对象———战士的心理、情趣、追求内容及思维空间都呈现出许多新特点 ,这无疑给政治教育组织形式提出了新要求。一、适应战士自我意识、民主意识增强的特点 ,实现“指令”型教育向民主自我型教育转变 ,真正确立战士教育“主体”地位 ,增强教育凝聚力要真正确立教育对象主体地位 ,变服从式教育为以自我教育为主的自我式教育。所谓自我…     

领导者:走出用权的误区

领 导者在动用权力的过程中 ,经常出现一些滥用权力的现象。其中有些滥用权力是领导者无意之中犯的。但也不乏有一部分是领导者有意而为。权力被经常滥用是有其固有原因的 ,比如 ,领导高高在上 ,一意孤行 ;领导主观臆断 ,非要自己说了算不可 ;领导为了显示自己高明 ,而存有私心杂念 ;还有领导者腐败透顶 ,违纪违规等等原因。这些表现 ,不仅有害于领导者的权威 ,更不利于国家和民族的健康发展。作为领导者应该时刻心如明镜 ,正确把握用权的分寸 ,否则害人害己 ,成为历史的罪人。权力至上的权威主义权力作为一种支配力量 ,应该具有一定的统摄…     

探索适应战士特点的教育形式

教育组织形式是增强政治教育活力和效果的重要因素。新的历史时期,基层政治教育的主体———战士的心理、情趣、追求内容及思维空间都呈现出许多新特点,无疑给政治教育组织形式提出了新要求。适应战士自我意识、民主意识增强的特点,实现“指令”型教育向民主自我型教育转...     

批评不难

开展批评与自我批评,这是我们党的优良传统,也是克服各种不良倾向,保持革命团结的有力武器。但近些年,在政治生活中却出现了批评难的问题。产生批评难的原因是多方面的,分析起来,主要有以下几点。一是从社会环境看,在发展市场经济的新形势下,人们由于受利益的趋动,政治荣誉有所淡化,对批评持消极态度,抱无所谓的心理,象有的人表白的那样“表扬不能当饭吃,批评也没掉块肉,”面对批评毫无羞愧之色。二是从被批评的对象上看,人们的知识水平和认识能力有很大提高,民主意识增强,心理承受能力有很大变化,在批评的过程中交织着反批评,即反弹,使批评的难度加大。三是从实施批评的领导者来看,我们有些领导者不善于研究变化了的社会环境和批评对象,改进批评的     

South Sudan and the pitfalls of power

For the people of South Sudan, the promise of independence is saddled with challenges similar to those witnessed by post-independence Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Then, the euphoria was short lived as several African countries lapsed into a state of authoritarianism, corruption and instability. The question is, what went wrong and can South Sudan learn from Africa's past? This update observes that there are differences in context between South Sudan and post-independence Africa, but maintains that South Sudan faces similar dangers: independence could easily turn into disenchantment and come to haunt the leaders of Africa's newest state should they fail to take concrete measures to transform institutions to be accountable, inclusive and responsive to people's needs.     

贯彻民主集中制之我见

坚持民主集中制原则 ,是事关单位、集体、队伍前途命运的重大问题。一个单位要贯彻执行好民主集中制 ,关键取决于“一把手”。“一把手”必须不断增强民主集中制观念 ,提高贯彻民主集中制的本领 ,完善激励约束机制 ,在单位创造良好的贯彻民主集中制的环境和氛围。     

Human Security and the State in Africa

The most recent major document on human security tells us more about the ideal of human security than how this worthy objective can best be achieved. This is a problem because most African states were created to serve as a bulwark against further colonial rule rather than provide domestic order and protection for their citizens. Many African states have since become battlegrounds for ethnic or economic struggles. Neither a new and committed African leadership, nor intervention by the international community, is likely to transcend this problem and effectively advance the human security agenda. A reformed African state—one which induces leaders to be more concerned with advancing the interests of their people more broadly—remains the only viable alternative. The problem is that any reform of African states will also involve difficult trade-offs and dilemmas.     

当代革命军人核心价值观在警卫部队的实践

实践当代革命军人核心价值观是当前公安警卫部队思想政治建设的根本任务。正确把握当代革命军人核心价值观的科学内涵及其在警卫部队的具体表现，坚持“以人为本”、“和谐文化”、“依法治军”和“长效机制”的理念，对警卫部队实践当代革命军人核心价值观具有重要意义。     

基于知识图谱和二级传播理论的网络舆情事件传播分析

在目前的网络舆情事件传播分析中,尽管生命周期模型能够较好地描述舆情事件的发展规律,但却忽略了部分时期之间存在的共性特征,无法充分体现意见领袖对网络舆情事件传播过程的影响。本文提出了一种基于知识图谱和二级传播理论的网络舆情事件传播分析方法,首先,构建网络舆情事件知识图谱;然后,基于知识图谱计算用户影响力挖掘意见领袖;最后,考虑到意见领袖的重要地位,为有效刻画网络舆情传播规律、周期与途径,根据传播学二级传播理论构建网络舆情事件传播模型,将生命周期模型的五个时期按照舆情发展态势划分为三个阶段：潜伏期（爆发期阶段）、爆发期（成熟期阶段）以及成熟期和衰退期（消亡期阶段）。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效计算和发掘包括意见领袖在内的用户影响力,传播、分析网络舆情事件效果较好。     

Strategic deficiencies in national liberation struggles: The case of fatah in the al-Aqsa Intifada

This study reports and explains a cluster of deviations from the basic rational criteria of national liberation strategy exhibited by ‘inside’ West Bank Fatah leaders during the al-Aqsa uprising, based on an analysis of public statements of three such leaders. The leaders fail to recognize that their attempt to deter Israeli offensives by threatening to reciprocate them with attacks inside the Green Line is sabotaged by Islamists independently attacking inside the Green Line; inadequately attend to the distinct possibility that attacks within the Green Line increase Israeli opposition to desired concessions on refugees and territory; and appear to occasionally get swept-up in the sentiment that reciprocating Israeli aggression is inherently just. The study elaborates and examines the possible roles in these strategic deficiencies of leader strategic desperation; rage and indignation; and the political need to satisfy widespread popular militancy. The study's logic complements existing asymmetric conflict research and can inform research beyond the Palestinian–Israeli case.     

权力话语与悲情叙事——对董立勃中篇小说《冻土》的解读

作为“垦荒”系列小说又一篇力作《冻土》，借助对一个凄美爱情的悲情叙事，揭示出特定时空下个体命运的无法确定性和悲剧性，从而对权力话语与“组织”的共谋进行有节制的理性批判。面对基层权力对个体命运的干预，即使在女性意识自觉的新社会，在特定历史时空中女性也不是个人命运的完全主宰。     

Political dynamics in Kenya’s post-electoral violence: Justice without peace or political compromise?

The political upheavals that erupted in Kenya after the release of the 2007–8 election results resulted in the death of approximately 1 200 people, as well as the loss of livestock and other valuable property. While the Kenyan government tried to seek solutions to the crisis, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued warrants for the arrest of top government officials. For its part, the African Union (AU) accused the ICC of racism by targeting only African leaders, and maintained that such practices undermine the rule of equality before the law set forth in Article 27 of the Rome Statute. The AU is therefore advising African countries, including Kenya, to consider withdrawing from the ICC. Will the ICC's intervention into the situation in Kenya bring justice and peace to the country, or will it add to the existing injuries affecting not just the country but the region as well? Through a critical analysis of contemporary scholarly discourse, this article unravels the dilemma of the ICC's intervention and the likely consequences of this action for the people of Kenya and Africa.     

Factors that affect the optimal amount of central control in complex systems

Whereas much of the previous research in complex systems has focused on emergent properties resulting from self‐organization of the individual agents that make up the system, this article studies one vital role of central organization. In particular, four factors are conjectured to be key in determining the optimal amount of central control. To validate this hypothesis, these factors are represented as controllable parameters in a mathematical model. For different combinations of parameter values, the optimal amount of central control is found, either analytically or by computer simulation. The model is shown to provide results that match well with the level of control found across a broad spectrum of specific complex systems. This model also provides general guidelines as to how combinations of these factors affect the desirable level of control and specific guidelines for selecting and evaluating leaders. These results indicate that all of these factors, though not exhaustive, should be considered carefully when attempting to determine the amount of control that is best for a system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Military autonomy: its origins,limits, and the politico-military dialectic of war

Military officers often oppose political interference in the conduct of war. Political leaders respond by citing Clausewitz’s contention that “war is the continuation of politics with the addition of other means.” Scholarship in security studies and civil-military relations argues that civilians are right to oppose military autonomy because it serves the parochial interests of the military. However, through the dialectical relationship between the violent essence of war and its political nature, Clausewitz provides an alternative explanation for military demands for autonomy. He shows that military and political leaders are prone to an incomplete understanding of war that can undermine strategy and policy.