影响大闭环防空反导系统射击精度的因素分析

分析了防空反导系统的射击误差源并根据各类误差的特性区分哪些是可校正误差,哪些是不可校正误差,根据卡尔曼滤波理论,分析影响闭环火控系统精度的多种因素,据此对弹丸脱靶量测量装置的性能指标提出要求。     

大闭环火控系统

本文介绍了大闭环火控系统的概念和原理;列举了几个实例,说明了大闭环火控系统具有精度高等优点。认为该系统是火控系统的发展方向之一;通过对射击误差的分析,建立了该系统的简单可用的数字模型;介绍了几种脱靶量检测方法,指出:我国目前构成大闭环火控系统的关键是研制出脱靶量检测装置。最后,简单介绍了几种国外的大闭环系统。     

大闭环校射工程的实现

探讨了大闭环校射的工程实现,从一般的闭环控制原理推广应用到整个火控系统来提高系统精度.重点讨论了使用雷达和光学仪器对脱靶量的观测与预测,采用双环大闭环校射,既内环对未来点预测误差进行闭环校正,在此校正基础上,外环再进行脱靶量的大闭环校射,从而建立了双闭环校射的数学模型.阐明了实现大闭环校射的双闭环校射的方法.     

基于支持向量机算法的虚拟脱靶量预测

为了提高防空高炮武器系统的射击精度问题,采用支持向量机(SVM)算法,建立了基于支持向量机的虚拟脱靶量预测模型,提出了预测方法,该算法可以通过对给定样本的学习,获得很好的预测未出现的样本,理论上比较科学,算法简单、易于实现,通过仿真实验验证了该算法对虚拟脱靶量预测的可用性和准确性,为火控系统精度的校正提供了一种有效的方法。     

小口径火炮弹丸初速误差校正的必要性及方法

小口径火炮系统中的弹丸初速误差是引起脱靶量的一个重要误差源[2]。本文从弹丸初速误差引起脱靶量的大小上说明了对弹丸初速误差校正的必要性。针对多卜勒火控雷达可以提供弹丸初速这一特点,对多管小口径火炮设计了一种弹丸初速误差校正的方法,并在计算机上进行了模拟计算,得出了令人满意的结果。     

毫米波相控阵雷达弹丸脱靶量测量精度分析

论证了脱靶量测量误差在闭环校正中的地位和作用,定量分析了雷达测距误差、测角误差、检测波门的设置和目标、弹丸运动的速度、方向等因素对脱靶量测量误差的影响,估算了现有条件下脱靶量的测量精度。     

基于虚拟脱靶量预测的准闭环校射方法

针对传统高炮大闭环校射脱靶量不易检测、可校射时间短暂,提出了一种基于虚拟脱靶量预测的准闭环校射方法。首先给出了弹丸双站角度测量的初始状态估计算法;其次,结合外弹道理论建立了一种虚拟等距脱靶量的预测模型,分析了射击校正量的估计方法与准闭环校射方案的实现流程。该方法避免了大闭环校射对脱靶量的直接检测,并提高了高炮闭环校射的时效性。     

闭环火控系统中的误差分类

以往人们对射击误差的分类是基于开环火控系统基础上的。随着闭环校正原理在火控系统中的应用不断深入,有必要重新认识射击误差的性质和特点。本文从闭环校正的角度出发,分析并指出了以往分类方法存在的不足,按误差的可校正性与否对射击误差重新进行了定义和分类。     

光电/弹炮结合防空系统的综合设计

雷达有源跟踪定位一直是火控系统的主要侦察探测方式,由于雷达对抗技术的发展,有源雷达设备的作战效能大为降低.在火控系统中,光电无源跟踪定位可代替雷达的部分功能,其开发潜力备受关注.介绍了光电/弹炮结合防空系统的重要作用,论述了光电探测和弹炮一体化设计的基本结构和功能, 提出了系统综合设计的主要研究内容和关键技术,探索了光电信息火力引导的技术途径并给出了一种基于光电探测的弹丸脱靶量测量技术.     

基于矢量运算的舰空弹对抗反舰弹脱靶量分析

脱靶量是舰空导弹重要的作战性能指标,针对某型导弹,从攻防对抗的机理出发,采用矢量运算概念描述舰空导弹对抗反舰导弹的脱靶量。结合矢量运算法则,建立舰空导弹拦截矢量模型、反舰导弹机动矢量模型,同时考虑了导引头噪声和舵系统的过载限制,提出了一种制导盲区脱靶量的解算方法。然后针对不同运动特性的目标、不同干扰强度进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,目标运动特性和导引头干扰误差等因素对脱靶量大小影响显著,为评价舰空导弹作战效能和有针对性的采取拦截措施提供了技术参考。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.