长杆射弹侵彻三种混凝土靶的实验研究

为了研究钻地武器的侵彻性能,在57mm口径的气炮上发射长杆射弹对三种靶体进行模拟侵彻实验。靶体为水泥砂浆石靶、钢纤维混凝土靶和含单层密排刚玉球的钢纤维混凝土靶。实验结果表明,弹头形状对侵彻深度有明显影响;当长杆射弹和撞击速度都相同时,与侵彻钢纤维混凝土靶相比,含单层密排刚玉球的钢纤维混凝土靶中的侵彻深度大约降低了11%,而水泥砂浆石靶中的侵彻深度增加了12%。     

钨合金动能弹超高速侵彻钢靶的破坏特性

国内外关于动能弹侵彻的研究多集中在中低速范围,对高速特别是超高速侵彻的研究十分有限,其破坏特性还不清楚。采用LS-DYNA有限元程序和Steinberg本构模型,对着靶速度为1 300~4 500 m/s的钨合金动能弹侵彻钢靶问题进行了与实验相对应的数值研究,获得了不同着靶速度下侵彻深度、开坑直径、坑底压力、弹体形态及弹长消蚀的时空演化规律。结果表明:侵彻经历了瞬态高压、常压稳态侵彻、非稳态侵彻和回弹4个阶段;Steinberg本构模型特别适用于超高速侵彻的研究;当着靶速度大于4 000 m/s,着靶速度的变化对侵彻深度的影响可以忽略;超高速侵彻的瞬态高压达100 GPa以上,远大于弹体材料强度极限;相对于高速侵彻,弹体长度消蚀率更大,侵彻速度下降更快,侵彻时间更短。     

聚能射流侵彻靶板开坑阶段仿真研究

为研究射流侵彻靶板开坑阶段的参数变化规律,利用AUTODYN软件对聚能射流侵彻不同材料靶板的开坑过程进行仿真.仿真结果表明:铜质靶板和钢质靶板开坑阶段的侵彻深度均约4.67倍射流头部直径,陶瓷靶板开坑阶段的侵彻深度约为4倍射流头部直径.该结果与试验总结的数倍射流直径基本相符,证明了所建模型的可行性.另外,开坑阶段的侵彻深度和压力主要与靶板密度有关,而准定常侵彻阶段的压力则主要与靶板的强度有关.     

子弹与声音谁跑得快？

具有一定速度的弹丸、破片、金属射流等侵彻体,依靠本身的动能侵入或贯穿目标的破坏作用。通常可按侵彻体的速度分为低速侵彻与高速侵彻;也可按冲击时的入射角分为正(垂直)侵彻和斜侵彻;按目标(靶)的结构和材料特性分为对均质靶、多层靶侵彻,对土壤侵彻;或按侵彻体的结构和材料特性分为榴弹侵彻、穿甲弹侵彻和金属射流侵彻等。     

活性复合动能杆对混凝土靶侵爆效应研究

基于25mm 口径弹道炮发射平台,进行了活性复合动能杆在1 800 m/s速度条件下对C40混凝土靶的侵彻实验,实验结果表明:尽管活性杆的侵彻能力较低,但其侵爆效应对混凝土内部结构造成预损伤,从而降低了靶体强度,使得随进的钨合金杆侵彻效率明显提高.另外,应用物质点法在模拟材料大变形方面的优势,在MPM3D中引入相关材料...     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的工程模型

以斜侵彻过程中的终点弹道为研究对象,基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。     

钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层抗侵彻数值模拟

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢纤维体积分数为0,0.5%,1.0%,钢管壁厚度为4,7.5 mm的钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层进行抗侵彻数值模拟研究,引入JHC模型来描述钢纤维高强混凝土在高速、高压环境下的非线性变形和破坏情况。通过分析距离中心侵彻位置不同节点的位移变化曲线,研究了钢管分隔作用对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,并与现场试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。同时,研究了钢纤维体积分数及钢管壁厚度对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,结果表明:钢纤维的掺入减轻了弹体的破坏效应、限制了侵彻深度;钢管壁厚度的增加使其更好地发挥了自身的套箍及吸能作用,提高了遮弹层整体的抗侵彻能力。     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的终点弹道研究

基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。     

防暴动能弹侵彻靶板仿真

文章论述了利用显式动力有限元程序LS-DYNA模拟防暴动能弹对靶体的侵彻过程,得到的仿真结果与应用侵彻经验公式(W.S.Chang公式)计算结果符合得较好,表明这种方法具有计算动能弹侵彻问题的能力,对防暴动能弹研究具有一定参考意义.     

两种侵彻载荷下装药结构动态响应特性数值模拟

为了研究装药结构在不同侵彻载荷下的动态响应特性,建立了战斗部侵彻混凝土整体靶与多层间隔靶模型。利用LS-DYNA软件数值模拟战斗部动态侵彻混凝土靶板的过程,对比分析了战斗部侵彻整体靶与多层间隔靶时冲击载荷的差异、装药内部塑性变形区的分布及装药尾部与壳体间隙的变化。结果表明:侵彻整体靶时,装药主要承受的是轴向过载冲击,其前端面易产生塑性变形;侵彻多层间隔靶时,由于战斗部姿态偏转较大,径向过载冲击大幅提升,装药端面、局部侧壁以及装药与壳体接触的尖角部位成为塑性变形较大的区域。在侵彻载荷作用下,装药尾端面与战斗部金属壳体发生反复的撞击和分离。与整体靶相比,侵彻多层间隔靶过程中装药与壳体的动态冲击碰撞更频繁,碰撞强度更大,持续时间更长。     

Study of high-speed interaction processes between fluoropolymer projectiles and aluminum-based targets

The experimental results and numerical modeling of penetration process of fluoropolymer projectiles in aluminum-based targets are presented. Analysis of mathematical models for interaction of elastoplastic projectile and target without taking additional energy released during interaction of fluoropolymer and aluminum into consideration is carried out. Energy fraction which is spent effectively on the increase in cavity volume is determined. The experimental and calculated results of penetration by combined and inert projectiles are compared.     

横向效应增强型弹垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论分析

为了得到横向效应增强型弹（Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency projectile, PELE）对金属薄靶垂直侵彻后的弹体轴向剩余速度，运用平面冲击波理论，对PELE的侵彻机理进行分析。参照平头弹体对靶板的侵彻模型，将PELE侵彻过程中的能量损失划分为以下几个部分：外壳体和内芯撞靶区域对应的环形塞块获得的能量、冲击波作用下弹体的内能增量以及剪切耗能等。然后根据能量守恒原理，得到PELE垂直侵彻金属薄靶后的PELE弹体轴向剩余速度的理论模型。为了验证该模型的合理性和准确性，设计相应的试验进行验证。结果表明，不同条件下得到的试验结果和理论模型得到的计算结果均吻合得较好。因此，得到的PELE垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论模型可为工程应用提供指导和参考。     

Influence of thickness and projectile shape on penetration resistance of the compliant composite

The present study deals with development of conceptual proof for jute rubber basedflexible composite block to completely arrest the projectile impacting the target at high velocity impact of 400 m/s through numerical simulation approach using finite element (FE) method. The proposed flexible composite blocks of repeating jute/rubber/jute (JRJ) units are modelled with varying thickness from 30 mm to 120 mm in increments of 30 mm and impacted by flat (F), ogival (O) and hemispherical (HS) shaped projectiles. All the considered projectiles are impacted with proposed flexible composite blocks of different thicknesses and the penetration behaviour of the projectile in each case is studied. The penetration depth of the projectile in case of partially penetrated cases are considered and the effect of thickness and projectile shape on percentage of penetration depth is statistically analyzed using Tagu-chi's design of experiments (DOE). Results reveal that the though proposedflexible composite block with thickness of 90 mm is just sufficient to arrest the complete penetration of the projectile, considering the safety issues, it is recommended to use theflexible composite with thickness of 120 mm. The nature of damage caused by the projectile in the flexible composite is also studied. Statistical studies show that thickness of the block plays a prominent role in determining the damage resistance of the flexible composite.     

Interface defeat studies of long-rod projectile impacting on ceramic targets

The interface defeat phenomenon always occurs when a long-rod projectile impacting on the ceramic target with certain velocity, i.e., the projectile is forced to flow radially on the surface of ceramic plates for a period of time without significant penetration. Interface defeat has a direct effect upon the ballistic performance of the armor piercing projectile, which is studied numerically and theoretically at present. Firstly, by modeling the projectiles and ceramic targets with the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) particles and Lagrange finite elements, the systematic numerical simulations on interface defeat are performed with the commercial finite element program AUTODYN. Three different responses, i.e., complete interface defeat, dwell and direct penetration, are reproduced in different types of ceramic targets (bare, buffered, radially confined and oblique). Furthermore, by adopting the validated numerical algorithms, constitutive models and the corresponding material parameters, the influences of projectile (material, diameter, nose shape), constitutive models of ceramic (JH-1 and JH-2 models), buffer and cover plate (thickness, constraints, material), as well as the prestress acted on the target (radial and hydrostatic) on the interface defeat (transition velocity and dwell time) are systematically investigated. Finally, based on the energy conservation approach and taking the strain rate effect of ceramic material into account, a modified model for predicting the upper limit of transition velocity is proposed and validated. The present work and derived conclusions can provide helpful reference for the design and optimization of both the long-rod projectile and ceramic armor.     

横向运动板对长杆弹变形及运动影响的数值研究

利用Ls—DYNA软件对钨合金长杆弹垂直侵彻单层和双层横向运动钢板进行了数值计算。通过分析长杆弹的塑性变形、速度降、动能降和横向速度，得到了单层和双层板横向运动速度与影响长杆弹侵彻能力因素的关系。仿真结果表明：随着运动板速度的增加，运动板对长杆弹的侵蚀加剧，长杆弹的速度降、动能降增大；运动板相同速度下，虽然单层板的冲击能使长杆弹获得较大横向速度，但双层板比单层板对长杆弹的干扰效果更明显。     

破甲弹侵彻装甲板的数值仿真

装甲装备受到弹丸攻击后,要判断内部部件的毁伤情况,采用实弹试验的方法费用高,周期长,安全性差;而采用建模仿真的方法费用低,效率高,安全性好,并且可以为预测装备内部的毁伤部件奠定基础。采用有限元法对破甲弹侵彻均质装甲板进行了数值仿真,对侵彻过程的3个阶段进行了分析,得出了破甲弹射流的动能、平均速度和冲量随时间变化的规律,为侵彻后装甲板内部部件毁伤情况的判断提供了基础数据。