超视距雷达及其防空应用

从分析超视距雷达在对抗隐身目标、低空超低空目标、反辐射导弹和电子干扰时的优势出发 ,阐述超视距雷达在现代防空体系中所发挥的独特作用和世界超视距雷达的发展状况 ,最后对超视距雷达的发展前途作了预测。     

雷达的辅助替代设备——红外搜索跟踪系统

在雷达遭遇电子对抗、无法正常工作时,一种辅助、替代雷达,对空中和海上目标进行搜索、识别、跟踪的新型探测设备出现了,这就是——第二次世界大战以来,雷达是各种武器平台执行对地、对海、对空作战任务时的主要探测设备,在作战过程中发挥着重要作用。但是随着科技进步,为对抗雷达而发展的新武器和新战术层出不穷,并在近年的几次高科技局部战争中屡屡克敌制胜。如利用雷达低空盲区、避开雷达监测的低空突防武器,对雷达实施压制或欺骗的电子干扰设备,对雷达进行直接攻击的反辐射导弹等。因此,一种新型的成像探测设备——红外搜索跟踪系统(IRST)应运而生。它采用被动方式工作,具有隐蔽性好、不怕电子干扰、精度高、低空探测性好等多种优点。正常情     

天波超视距雷达述评

本文介绍了天波超视距雷达的发展历程,阐述了天波超视距雷达的组成及其工作原理,并分析了其在防空作战中对抗隐身目标、反辐射导弹、低空目标的作战优势。     

海上大气波导环境下舰载超视距雷达盲区研究

主要研究海上大气波导环境对舰载超视距雷达盲区的影响.首先对海洋蒸发波导和表面波导条件下雷达盲区的形成机理及其特性进行分析.在此基础上,对蒸发波导条件下雷达盲区在不同层结的变化进行深入研究,形成大气波导对舰载超视距雷达盲区影响的初步研究成果.最后对大气波导环境下超视距雷达盲区在军事上的应用进行展望,为后续雷达盲区特性的继...     

一种低空雷达垂直波瓣宽度展宽方法及实现

为解决某低空补盲雷达存在的探测范围小、低空盲区大的问题 ,利用分布馈源法对其天馈系统进行改进 ,通过增加一个馈源的方法 ,合理分配发射功率 ,在不影响雷达技术性能指标的前提下 ,使其垂直波瓣宽度展宽两倍 ,扩展了探测区域 ,改善了探测性能 ,在实际应用中取得了很好的效果     

火眼金睛舰载光电探测系统

在现代海战中,雷达是舰载武器系统的主要探测设备,它具有覆盖空域大、搜索速度快、探测距离远、测量精度高和能全天候工作等优点,但雷达是采用主动方式工作的电子设备,易受敌方电子干扰,且易遭反辐射导弹攻击,所以实战时,雷达即使没有被干扰,也严格限制使用。此外,雷达的盲区,使敌方的低空或超低空来袭导弹等有隙可乘。为弥补这一缺憾,光电探测系统应运而生。由红外摄像机、电视摄像机、激光测距仪等光电传感器和计算机等组成的光电探测系统已成为辅助雷达进行探测的最好方法之一。     

建立雷达超视距探测效能库的一种快速算法

蒸发波导环境中微波雷达经常会出现超视距探测,建立雷达超视距探测效能库有利于微波超视距雷达探测效能的发挥。提出了一种计算雷达超视距探测效能的快速算法,即以蒸发波导高度、总体理查森数和海面风速为变量,先建立雷达超视距探测效能查询表,再利用查表的方法得到各种气象条件下雷达的探测效能,以此作为探测效能库的数据基础。最后将基于此算法得到的雷达探测规律与实际观测进行了比较,表明此算法是可行的。     

扫视海空的“神眼”——21世纪的相控阵雷达

雷达技术的革命性飞跃 随着21世纪军事高技术的突飞猛进,作战飞机和反舰导弹的性能不断提高,舰载雷达面临着反辐射导弹攻击、综合性电子干扰、反雷达隐形技术、利用雷达盲区低空和超低空突防等多种威胁。舰载多功能相控阵雷达     

当代隐身技术的现状和发展

随着美军隐身飞机频频亮相,隐身技术已为公众所瞩目,成为各国在军事高技术竞争中竞相争夺的一张重要“王牌”。隐身技术是改变武器装备等目标的可探测信息特征,使敌方探测系统不易发现或发现距离缩短的综合性技术。隐身技术的应用,不仅大大提高了军事目标的隐蔽性能,而且增强了武器的突防和攻击能力。隐身技术已为世界各国所重视,发展迅速。一、隐身技术的现状当代隐身技术主要包括反雷达探测、反红外探测、反电子探测、反可见光探测和反声波探测等隐身技术,其中反雷达探测和反红外探测隐身技术是当前发展的重点。(一)雷达黑洞—反雷达探测…     

雷达超视距探测的实验研究

在海上频繁出现的蒸发波导可以使雷达的电波信号以较小的衰减在类似于金属波导的大气层结内传播,从而可实现雷达的超视距探测。为了检验雷达实现超视距探测的距离、信号强度等参数与实际蒸发波导的相互关系,采用了高精度的大气波导测试仪在典型海面进行了蒸发波导的实际测量,同时利用岸上雷达进行目标探测。实测结果表明,雷达在蒸发波导条件下能够实现超视距探测,且探测距离和信号强度与蒸发波导的特征参数相关。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.