基于多信号模型的装甲车辆电源系统诊断策略

针对装甲车辆电源系统模块失效和信号失效不统一的特点,提出了一种多信号模型的改进方法,在此基础上,通过电源系统故障模式影响分析,建立了电源系统测试性模型。基于故障熵理论,利用诊断信息量和费用优化的启发式函数,确立了系统的诊断策略。计算结果表明:该方法对诊断策略的优化是有效的。该方法对装甲车辆电源系统诊断策略的研究具有一定参考意义。     

单步和多步寻优结合的诊断策略构建方法

为避免AO*算法及Rollout算法的回溯操作,同时克服信息熵算法最优性较差的问题,达到以较低测试费用对装备进行故障检测和隔离的目的,提出了一种单步和多步寻优结合的诊断策略构建方法.该方法以诊断策略构建与无噪声编码的相似性为依据,根据故障状态模糊集中的概率分布情况选择单步或多步寻优搜索方法.提出在故障状态模糊集中概率最...     

基于相关性模型的舰船装备测试性分析与建模

为了提高舰船装备的综合诊断能力,在舰船设计、研制阶段就必须进行装备测试性设计工作。为此,根据舰船装备测试性要求,对装备进行了故障模式影响分析,确定了装备在设计和制造过程中所有可能的故障模式,以及每一故障模式的原因和影响,据此对装备功能和结构进行了划分。然后,利用相关性模型对舰船装备进行测试性分析与建模,建立了舰船装备组成单元的相关性图示模型、数学模型,并运用考虑可靠性和费用的优选方法,建立了舰船装备诊断树,得到舰船装备的测试方案。算例分析表明:该研究可有效提高舰船装备测试的效率,提升测试的经济性。     

考虑机内测试诊断的维修任务模型及算法

机内测试设备（Built—in Test Equipment,BITE）在复杂系统中的应用越来越多,由于BITE诊断存在不确定性,就可能导致无效的维修．采用一种考虑BITE诊断不确定性的维修任务选择模型及其求解算法,以在一定置信水平下获得最佳的维修方案．首先,给出了考虑BITE诊断不确定性的维修任务选择问题的假设条件,建立了非线性的、离散的随机机会约束规划模型．其次,设计了求解随机机会约束规划模型的一种基于随机模拟的粒子群算法,包括粒子的表示、适应度函数、更新公式、算法框架等．最后,给出了具体实例,证明了模型与算法的有效性．该模型适用于管理人员在考虑BITE诊断不确定性的情况下做出合理的维修任务选择决策．     

基于改进克隆选择算法的复杂系统测试选择

为了解决复杂系统测试优化选择问题,提出了一种基于改进克隆选择算法的测试选择方法.该方法针对测试选择问题的具体特点,对基本克隆选择算法进行了以下改进:采用二进制编码方式进行抗体编码,选用加性分段函数形式构建亲和度函数,利用混沌搜索优化初始种群的生成方式,并引入免疫网络的抗体抑制操作对抗体种群进行预处理.最后,以某实际系统为例进行了算法验证,实验结果表明:该方法搜索效率高,具有很强的全局和局部搜索能力,可有效解决复杂装备系统测试性设计中的测试优化选择问题.     

基于D矩阵的舰船电子装备综合诊断方法

针对舰船电子装备综合诊断实现要求,提出一种基于故障-测试依赖性关系(D)矩阵的综合诊断方法,利用同一D矩阵分别完成对舰船电子装备的测试性分析评估、测试诊断需求分配、诊断测试序列生成和诊断信息的共享,实现舰船电子装备综合诊断各过程诊断信息模型的一致.该方法已在某舰载电子装备综合诊断实现中得到验证和应用.     

火控系统动态精度环绕测试设计方法

借鉴环绕BIT技术的思想,提出一种火控系统动态精度环绕测试的设计方法.该方法充分利用火控计算机的固有资源,通过增加少量接口转换电路(一组现在点坐标输出接口和一组射击诸元输入接口),来提高火控系统动态精度检查测试性水平.对于采用环绕测试设计的火控系统,只需使用两根外接电缆,无须外接检测计算机,即可完成动态精度检查的任务,从而显著降低了操作复杂性.该设计方法的一个优点是不会影响系统的可靠性.     

弹性联轴器动刚度测试系统研究

针对具有非线性特性和干摩擦阻尼特性的高弹性联轴器 ,设计了其动刚度测试系统 .测量软件采用基于Windows事件驱动的程序设计方法 .考虑系统所响应的不同事件 ,建立相应的功能模块 ,并优化了系统结构 .最后给出了该测试系统的实际应用情况 .     

基于遗传算法和启发策略的舰船装载方案

给出了舰船装载方案数学模型,设计并实现了一种基于启发式算法和遗传算法相结合的混合遗传算法.该算法除了选择合理的惩罚函数和利用各种遗传算子进行进化计算之外,在初始化时将一些按启发策略生成的优胜染色体加入初始种群,以求在保证群体多样性的同时加快收敛速度.算法的测试表明,该算法对求解这类问题是有效的.     

一种用于机电产品测试性设计的传感器优选MINLP模型

在单故障假设条件下,考虑了传感器的失效概率和设备的故障率,提出一种以故障检测率和故障隔离率为约束条件的降低传感器费用和失效概率的混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,从而为机电产品测试性设计中传感器选择问题提供了一种可行和有效的解决方法,并进行了案例验证,说明了该方法的有效性。     

Development programs for one‐shot systems using multiple‐state design reliability models

Design reliability at the beginning of a product development program is typically low, and development costs can account for a large proportion of total product cost. We consider how to conduct development programs (series of tests and redesigns) for one‐shot systems (which are destroyed at first use or during testing). In rough terms, our aim is to both achieve high final design reliability and spend as little of a fixed budget as possible on development. We employ multiple‐state reliability models. Dynamic programming is used to identify a best test‐and‐redesign strategy and is shown to be presently computationally feasible for at least 5‐state models. Our analysis is flexible enough to allow for the accelerated stress testing needed in the case of ultra‐high reliability requirements, where testing otherwise provides little information on design reliability change. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Two‐stage component test plans for testing the reliability of a series system

A system reliability is often evaluated by individual tests of components that constitute the system. These component test plans have advantages over complete system based tests in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we consider the series system with n components, where the lifetime of the i‐th component follows exponential distribution with parameter λ_i. Assuming test costs for the components are different, we develop an efficient algorithm to design a two‐stage component test plan that satisfies the usual probability requirements on the system reliability and in addition minimizes the maximum expected cost. For the case of prior information in the form of upper bounds on λ_i's, we use the genetic algorithm to solve the associated optimization problems which are otherwise difficult to solve using mathematical programming techniques. The two‐stage component test plans are cost effective compared to single‐stage plans developed by Rajgopal and Mazumdar. We demonstrate through several numerical examples that our approach has the potential to reduce the overall testing costs significantly. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 95–116, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1051     

Minimizing costs of sequential and parallel personnel testing programs

We consider groups of tests for personnel selection purposes in which each test has a known a priori probability of being failed, such failure resulting in outright rejection and termination of testing. Each test has a fixed cost and given duration. We consider the minimization of the total expected cost due to both the fixed costs and the delay costs when the tests may be conducted sequentially or in parallel. In the latter situation, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and illustrated.     

Experimental research on the instability propagation characteristics of liquid kerosene rotating detonation wave

In order to study the instability propagation characteristics of the liquid kerosene rotating detonation wave (RDW), a series of experimental tests were carried out on the rotating detonation combustor (RDC) with air-heater. The fuel and oxidizer are room-temperature liquid kerosene and preheated oxygen-enriched air, respectively. The experimental tests keep the equivalence ratio of 0.81 and the oxygen mass fraction of 35% unchanged, and the total mass flow rate is maintained at about 1000 g/s, changing the total temperature of the oxygen-enriched air from 620 K to 860 K. Three different types of instability were observed in the experiments: temporal and spatial instability, mode transition and re-initiation. The interaction between RDW and supply plenum may be the main reason for the fluctuations of detonation wave velocity and pressure peaks with time. Moreover, the inconsistent mixing of fuel and oxidizer at different circumferential positions is related to RDW oscillate spatially. The phenomenon of single-double-single wave transition is analyzed. During the transition, the initial RDW weakens until disappears, and the compression wave strengthens until it becomes a new RDW and propagates steadily. The increased deflagration between the detonation products and the fresh gas layer caused by excessively high temperature is one of the reasons for the RDC quenching and re-initiation.     

Ballistic response of armour plates using Generative Adversarial Networks

It is important to understand how ballistic materials respond to impact from projectiles such that informed decisions can be made in the design process of protective armour systems. Ballistic testing is a standards-based process where materials are tested to determine whether they meet protection, safety and performance criteria. For the V₅₀ ballistic test, projectiles are fired at different velocities to determine a key design parameter known as the ballistic limit velocity (BLV), the velocity above which projectiles perforate the target. These tests, however, are destructive by nature and as such there can be considerable associated costs, especially when studying complex armour materials and systems. This study proposes a unique solution to the problem using a recent class of machine learning system known as the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The GAN can be used to generate new ballistic samples as opposed to performing additional destructive experiments. A GAN network architecture is tested and trained on three different ballistic data sets, and their performance is compared. The trained networks were able to successfully produce ballistic curves with an overall RMSE of between 10 and 20 % and predicted the V₅₀ BLV in each case with an error of less than 5 %. The results demonstrate that it is possible to train generative networks on a limited number of ballistic samples and use the trained network to generate many new samples representative of the data that it was trained on. The paper spotlights the benefits that generative networks can bring to ballistic applications and provides an alternative to expensive testing during the early stages of the design process.     

Solving incremental quantity discounted transportation problems by vertex ranking

Logistics managers often encounter incremental quantity discounts when choosing the best transportation mode to use. This could occur when there is a choice of road, rail, or water modes to move freight from a set of supply points to various destinations. The selection of mode depends upon the amount to be moved and the costs, both continuous and fixed, associated with each mode. This can be modeled as a transportation problem with a piecewise-linear objective function. In this paper, we present a vertex ranking algorithm to solve the incremental quantity discounted transportation problem. Computational results for various test problems are presented and discussed.     

某型导弹地面制导站静态参数自动测试系统

介绍了以LabWindows/CVI为软件开发平台,基于PCI和ISA总线的某型导弹自动测试系统的总体方案,给出了系统硬件和软件的具体设计方法,分析了信号转接电路和ISA总线接口电路的设计原理,阐述了组合测试模块、故障诊断模块和数据库管理模块的实现方法。经部队实际测试表明,该系统能够可靠、出色地完成该型导弹地面指导站测试和故障诊断的任务,实现模块化高效智能自动测试。     

基于进化搜索策略的并行子空间设计算法

并行子空间设计是一种有效的多学科设计优化算法,但其搜索策略存在两点不足:一是寻找全局最优解能力有限,二是计算复杂。为弥补上述不足,将遗传算法应用到CSD算法中,提出了一种基于进化搜索策略的CSD算法。介绍了该算法的设计流程,应用该算法对一测试问题进行了优化,取得了满意结果。     

Pairwise model discrimination with applications in lifetime distributions and degradation processes

Reliability data obtained from life tests and degradation tests have been extensively used for purposes such as estimating product reliability and predicting warranty costs. When there is more than one candidate model, an important task is to discriminate between the models. In the literature, the model discrimination was often treated as a hypothesis test and a pairwise model discrimination procedure was carried out. Because the null distribution of the test statistic is unavailable in most cases, the large sample approximation and the bootstrap were frequently used to find the acceptance region of the test. Although these two methods are asymptotically accurate, their performance in terms of size and power is not satisfactory in small sample size. To enhance the small‐sample performance, we propose a new method to approximate the null distribution, which builds on the idea of generalized pivots. Conventionally, the generalized pivots were often used for interval estimation of a certain parameter or function of parameters in presence of nuisance parameters. In this study, we further extend the idea of generalized pivots to find the acceptance region of the model discrimination test. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods in discriminating between two lifetime distributions or two degradation models over a wide range of sample sizes. Two real examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

An investigation on anti-impact and penetration performance of basalt fiber composites with different weave and lay-up modes

The woven basalt fiber composites (WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]_s basalt fiber composites (UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing. Three-point bending test, low velocity impact test, and ballistic test were performed to the prepared composites. After the tests, the specimens were recovered and analyzed for micromorphology. Three-point bending tests show that both the bending strength and stiffness of the WBFC surpass those of the UBFC. Low velocity impact test results show that the low velocity impact resistance to hemispherical impactor of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC, but the low velocity impact resistance to sharp impactor of the UBFC is lower than that of the WBFC. For the ballistic test, it can be found that the ballistic property of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC. After the tests, microscopic analysis of the specimens was applied, and their failure mechanism was discussed. The main failure modes of the UBFC are delamination and fibers breakage under the above loading conditions while the main failure mode of the WBFC is fibers breakage. Although delamination damage can be found in the WBFC under the above loading conditions, the degree of delamination is far less than that of the UBFC.