封套封存环境透湿模型及应用

利用封套对装备进行集合封存具有轻便、廉价、可靠等优点,它可建立一个阻隔封存环境以解决野战条件下各种装备的防潮问题。通过分析封套封存环境的各种潮湿因素,建立了封套封存环境透湿模型。利用该模型对现有干燥剂用量的计算方法进行了改进。     

消声瓦的老化程度判断方法研究

针对消声瓦的老化程度评价问题,研究了消声瓦的硬度随老化时间的变化规律以及消声瓦在实验室加速老化过程中的硬度与拉伸性能的关联性,得到了其硬度随老化时间变化的数学关系式,并提出了消声瓦的老化程度判断方法。研究结果表明:在常温(25℃)下,消声瓦的硬度(H)与老化时间(t)的关系为H=72 exp(5.89×10~(-3)t~(0.356));老化后的消声瓦的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与硬度呈线性关系;可通过测量邵尔A硬度推算消声瓦老化过程中断裂伸长率和拉伸强度的保留值,评价其老化程度。     

微胶囊型自修复碳纤维增强复合材料性能研究

为了分析内嵌环氧树脂基微胶囊的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的力学性能,开展了材料在准静态载荷条件下力学性能试验研究,对比分析了有、无微胶囊时碳纤维增强复合材料的静态力学性能,详细探究了微胶囊的质量分数对碳纤维增强复合材料的力学性能和自修复性能的影响,分析了材料的拉伸强度,弹性模量,断裂伸长率以及自修复性能情况。在相同冲击能量下,采用落锤法对不同微胶囊含量的层合板进行冲击试验,研究其在冲击载荷作用下的动态力学响应。结果表明,微胶囊具有增韧效果和自修复能力。随着微胶囊质量分数的增加,自修复碳纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度降低,弹性模量先略微升高后降低,断裂伸长率先降低后升高,但总体变化不大,修复效率随微胶囊含量的增加而升高。在相同冲击能量下,微胶囊含量越大,最大冲击力越小,材料的冲击力-位移曲线斜率越小,抗冲击性能越差。研究结果可以为推动自修复型CFRP材料的实际工程应用和理论研究提供相关参考。     

纳米SiO_2增韧改性环氧乙烯基酯树脂的性能研究

为了对环氧乙烯基酯树脂(EVER)进行增韧改性,采用KH570硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,考察了纳米SiO2表面改性及其质量分数对EVER力学性能的影响。经过偶联剂处理的纳米SiO2复合材料在树脂基体中具备更好的分散性和相容性,力学性能明显优于纯EVER材料和未经偶联剂处理的复合材料。纳米SiO2质量分数为3%时,纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度分别比纯EVER材料提高了42.10%,43.38%和91.91%;纳米SiO2质量分数为4%时,纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸模量比纯EVER材料提高了34.57%。通过观察冲击断面的SEM照片,分析了纳米SiO2增韧改性的作用机理。结果表明:纳米SiO2增韧改性的关键在于诱发基体产生银纹,使其对裂纹扩展起到钝化、阻碍的作用。     

介电弹性体材料预拉伸率对电致应变特性的影响

为了在相同的激励电压下获得更大的应变率,介电弹性体的预拉伸率必须经过合理选取,为此对比了常见的三种超弹性材料模型(Mooney-Rivlin模型、Yeoh模型和Ogden模型),然后选用Yeoh超弹性材料模型进行了理论推导,解出了应变随激励电压和预拉伸率变化的关系曲线,并通过Matlab进行了仿真分析。结果表明:在不同预拉伸率下,膜型材料的电致应变特性差异较大,且对于一定的应变率,预拉伸率-激励电压曲线存在最优解。     

环氧树脂/CTBN/无机颗粒高分子合金修补剂材料的制备与性能分析

通过端羧基丁腈液态橡胶(Carboxyl Terminated Butadiene Acrylonitrile,CTBN)协同纳米Al2O3、SiO2颗粒与微米MoS2颗粒共混改性环氧树脂,制备了双组分的耐磨高分子合金修补剂材料。采用拉伸、摩擦磨损等试验及SEM等方法测试和分析了该高分子合金修补剂的拉伸强度、显微硬度等基本性能及摩擦学性能,并对其耐磨减摩机理进行了分析。结果表明:该材料的拉伸强度为42.3MPa,拉伸剪切强度为13.8MPa,显微硬度为231.1MPa,摩擦因数为0.17,耐磨性比LY12铝合金提高了50%。     

弹药塑料包装透湿机理与应用研究

对弹药塑料包装材料的透湿机理、测试方法、透湿原因、影响因素等进行了分析,并针对塑料包装材料在弹药中的应用现状,提出了提高弹药塑料包装防潮性能的建议。     

基于主成分分析的高密度聚乙烯热氧老化特性研究

采用主成分分析法(PCA)研究战储滚塑包装箱用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)在80℃热氧加速老化条件下,5个力学参数及5个微观结构参数的变化规律,提取并分析了主成分因子信息,探究了各参数间的相关关系,建立并分析了HDPE在80℃热氧老化条件下的综合评价指标。结果表明:PCA分析提取的3个主成分基本可以概括所有参数信息;拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量协同相关,羰基指数、羟基指数、断链程度协同相关;冲击强度、支化程度、不饱和程度与其他参数均是弱相关;老化综合评价指标随时间呈三段式变化趋势。     

碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料修复性能

为了得到碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料最佳修复效果,采用碳纤维/环氧复合材料和环氧胶膜作为修复材料,对带Φ15 mm和Φ5 mm预制孔碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料进行单面贴补、双面贴补和单面阶梯挖补修复。研究了补片长度、厚度和铺层顺序对修复效果的影响,并结合修复试样的拉伸断裂模式,优化了修复参数。结果表明:补片边缘母板中存在的应力集中和厚度方向拉伸应力是导致母板断裂的关键原因;双面贴补修复试样拉伸强度能恢复到完好试样的90%以上,单面贴补和阶梯挖补修复试样拉伸强度能恢复到完好试样的80%以上。     

聚溴化苯乙烯阻燃聚乙烯热解动力学研究

用聚溴化苯乙烯作为阻燃剂，制备了阻燃聚乙烯（PE），利用TG方法研究了PE和阻燃PE在氮气气氛下的热解动力学行为，并用改进的非等温动力学方法研究了其热解动力学。结果表明，加入阻燃剂后材料的初始分解温度提前，阻燃材料的热解区间变宽，阻燃体系的平均失重速率下降，最大失重速率下降，主要分解阶段的残炭率高于未阻燃PE，聚溴化苯乙烯阻燃效果明显，可用于聚乙烯阻燃，说明大分子溴系阻燃剂具有较好的发展潜力。氮气气氛下未阻燃聚乙烯的热解过程只存在一个失重阶段，而阻燃材料在相同温度范围内呈现不同的失重阶段，且在各失重阶段其反应机理函数也发生变化；活化能、指前因子都有所不同，阻燃材料的活化能大于未阻燃材料，且活化能在整个失重阶段是随着温度和转化率的变化而变化的，说明阻燃剂的加入改变了材料的热解行为。     

Optimization of process parameters of aluminum alloy AA 2014-T6 friction stir welds by response surface methodology

The heat treatable aluminum-copper alloy AA2014 finds wide application in the aerospace and defence industry due to its high strength-toweight ratio and good ductility. Friction stir welding(FSW) process, an emerging solid state joining process, is suitable for joining this alloy compared to fusion welding processes. This work presents the formulation of a mathematical model with process parameters and tool geometry to predict the responses of friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy, viz yield strength, tensile strength and ductility. The most influential process parameters considered are spindle speed, welding speed, tilt angle and tool pin profile. A four-factor, five-level central composite design was used and a response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to develop the regression models to predict the responses.The mechanical properties, such as yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and percentage elongation(%El), are considered as responses. Method of analysis of variance was used to determine the important process parameters that affect the responses. Validation trials were carried out to validate these results. These results indicate that the friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy welded with hexagonal tool pin profile have the highest tensile strength and elongation, whereas the joints fabricated with conical tool pin profile have the lowest tensile strength and elongation.     

Friction welding of AA6061 to AISI 4340 using silver interlayer

The present work pertains to the study on joining of AA6061 and AISI 4340 through continuous drive friction welding. The welds were evaluated by metallographic examination, X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, tensile test and microhardness. The study reveals that the presence of an intermetallic compound layer at the bonded interface exhibits poor tensile strength and elongation. Mg in AA6061 near to the interface is found to be favourable for the formation and growth of Fe2Al5 intermetallics. Introduction of silver as an interlayer through electroplating on AISI 4340 resulted in accumulation of Si at weld interface, replacing Mg at AA6061 side, thereby reducing the width of intermetallic compound layer and correspondingly increasing the tensile strength. Presence of silver at the interface results in partial replacement of Fe-Al based intermetallic compounds with Ag-Al based compounds. The presence of these intermetallics was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. Since Ag-Al phases are ductile in nature, tensile strength is not deteriorated and the silicon segregation at weld interface on AA6061 in the joints with silver interlayer acts as diffusion barrier for Fe and further avoids formation of Fe-Al based intermetallics. A maximum tensile strength of 240 MPa along with 4.9% elongation was obtained for the silver interlayer dissimilar metal welds. The observed trends in tensile properties and hardness were explained in relation to the microstructure.     

Effect of post weld heat treatment on tensile properties and microstructure characteristics of friction stir welded armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy

This paper reports the effects of post weld heat treatments, namely artificial ageing and solution treatment followed by artificial ageing, on microstructure and mechanical properties of 12 mm thick friction stir welded joints of precipitation hardenable high strength armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy. The tensile properties, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and notch tensile strength, are evaluated and correlated with the microhardness and microstructural features. The scanning electron microscope is used to characterie the fracture surfaces. The solution treatment followed by ageing heat treatment cycle is found to be marginally beneficial in improving the tensile properties of friction stir welds of AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy.     

定应变作用下NEPE推进剂老化特性及寿命预估研究

为考察定应变作用下NEPE推进剂的老化特性,研究了20%定应变作用下NEPE推进剂贮存老化过程中力学性能、凝胶性能和界面性能的变化.研究结果表明:定应变作用下NEPE推进剂在贮存老化过程中最大抗拉强度降低,最大延伸率变化较小,其老化失效主要表现为强度的失效;定应变下NEPE推进剂的凝胶百分数和粘附功随老化时间的延长而降低,NEPE推进剂粘合剂基体的降解断裂和界面的"脱湿"是其主要的老化机理;定应变下NEPE推进剂的力学性能与细观性能的相关性研究表明,最大抗拉强度与凝胶百分数和粘附功存在相关关系,计算了其关系式,建立了由细观性能评估推进剂宏观力学性能的方法;选择最大抗拉强度下降30%时失效,20%定应变下NEPE推进剂的贮存寿命为8.3年.     

Influence of magnetically constricted arc traverse speed (MCATS) on tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of welded Inconel 718 alloy sheets

The magnetically constricted arc technique was implemented to mitigate the heat input related metal-lurgical problems in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) of Inconel 718 alloy particularly Nb segregation and subsequent laves phase evolution in fusion zone. This paper reports the direct effect of magnetically constricted arc traverse speed (MCATS) on bead profile, tensile properties and microstructural evolution of Inconel 718 alloy sheets joined by Gas Tungsten Constricted Arc Welding (GTCAW) process. The mechanism amenable for the microstructural modification and corresponding influence on the tensile properties of joints is investigated both in qualitative and quantitative manner related to the mechanics of arc constriction and pulsing. It is correlated to the solidification conditions during welding. The relationship between MCATS and Arc Constriction Current (ACC) was derived. Its interaction effect on the magnetic arc constriction and joint performance was analysed. Results showed that the joints fabricated using CATS of 70 mm/min exhibited superior tensile properties (98.39% of base metal strength with 31.50% elongation). It is attributed to the grain refinement in fusion zone microstructure leading to the evolution of finer, discrete laves phase in interdendritic areas.     

2A12铝合金焊接接头超声冲击处理前后拉伸性能分析

为克服铝合金薄板焊接接头强度偏低、韧性不足的缺点,用ER5356焊丝对不同厚度的2A12铝合金板材进行了手工氩弧焊接,并采用超声冲击处理对焊接接头进行全覆盖强化处理。采用金相显微镜观察了处理和未处理焊接接头的显微组织结构,对接头的力学性能进行了测试分析,分析了超声冲击处理改善2A12铝合金焊接接头力学性能的机理。结果表明：铝合金焊接接头经超声冲击强化处理后,6 mm和4 mm厚板材对接接头的抗拉强度分别提高了17.4%和23.7%,延伸率分别提高了28%和44%,焊缝表层组织得到明显细化。分析认为：晶粒大幅细化、组织致密化和缺陷减少,是超声冲击处理改善铝合金焊接接头抗拉伸性能的主要原因。     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土基本力学性能研究

研究了一种由超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土基本力学性能。针对C70等级高强混凝土,设计了四种体积掺量纤维混凝土,通过立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉和四点弯曲抗折试验,分析了纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维对混凝土的抗压强度增强作用不明显,但较大提高了混凝土的抗拉强度和抗折强度,且对混凝土有很好的阻裂、增韧效果。在纤维体积掺量为0.3%~0.5%时,劈裂抗拉强度提高25%以上;掺量0.5%时,弯曲抗折强度提高率超过23%。     

碳纤维强度的统计特性及对复合材料线芯力学性能的影响

测试了国产T300级碳纤维的单丝和复丝拉伸强度,并用Weibull分布来描述碳纤维单丝平均拉伸强度。采用拉挤工艺制备出国产碳纤维复合线芯,测试了国产碳纤维复合线芯的弯曲强度和短梁剪切强度性能。结果表明:国产T300级碳纤维单丝拉伸强度性能达到东丽T300碳纤维水平,且分散性更小;复丝强度略低。国产T300级碳纤维集束性较差,在拉挤抽纱过程中,容易夹纱和起毛。在纤维体积含量基本相同情况下,国产T300级碳纤维复合线芯力学性能与东丽T700碳纤维复合线芯力学性能相差不大。     

提高聚氨酯推进剂基体粘结强度的途径探索

聚氨酯的水解稳定性较差,粘结强度偏低。将端羟基聚丁二烯与聚氨酯进行共混改性,提高了聚氨酯基体的表观交联度及推进剂的拉伸强度。采用示差扫描量热法和红外光谱法分析基体共混物的微观结构,表明这是提高聚氨酯基体粘结强度的一条有效途径。     

Heat treatment optimization for tensile properties of 8011 Al/15% SiCp metal matrix composite using response surface methodology

In this study,a mathematical model was developed to optimize the heat treatment process for maximum tensile strength and ductility of aluminum(8011) silicon carbide particulate composites.The process parameters are solutionizing time,aging temperature,and aging time.The experiments were performed on an universal testing machine according to centre rotatable design matrix.A mathematical model was developed with the main and interactive effects of the parameters considered.The analysis of variance technique was used to check the adequacy of the developed model.The optimum parameters were obtained for maximum tensile strength.Fractographic examination shows the cracks and dimples on the fractured surfaces of heat-treated specimen.