基于定周期策略的多品种维修器材联合订购模型

针对维修器材需求的随机性特点,在考虑维修器材保障度约束的条件下,基于定周期策略建立多品种维修器材的联合订购模型并给出了优化算法.该算法采用蒙特卡罗随机模拟技术求解随机变量的期望值,结合遗传算法求出使库存费用最小的基本订购周期、各种器材的订购周期和最大库存量,并能满足预定的保障度要求.与传统单品种补充策略比较发现,联合补充策略对经费节省作用显著.     

多品种维修器材统一订购策略的库存决策模型

分析了一种多品种维修器材联合订货的库存决策模型,该模型采用连续检查的多品种统一订购库存策略。维修器材库存控制的目的是在确保维修器材服务水平的基础上,降低库存成本。根据这一思想设计了算法,该算法首先假设订货点和订购提前期为零,根据库存成本确定最大库存量,然后考虑订货点和订购提前期不为零的情况,根据维修器材满足率确定各品种维修器材的订货点,从而求得决策参数。最后通过实例证明模型和算法的有效性。     

基于证据理论的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价

在一般供应链性能评价指标体系的基础上,结合现代战争中军械维修器材供应链的特点,从资源、输出和柔性三个角度构建了战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价的指标体系.考虑到战争环境下信息的模糊性和不确定性,建立了战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价的证据理论模型.以某战时军械维修器材供应链为例,基于构建的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价指标体系和模型进行案例研究.结果表明,基于证据理论构建的战时军械维修器材供应链性能评价模型是可行的,有效的.     

维修器材保障能力评价方法

提出了维修器材保障能力评价体系的建立原则,通过维修器材保障的系统分析,建立了维修器材保障能力的"因素-效果"评价体系.运用模糊数学与层次分析法相结合的层次模糊综合评判法对维修器材保障能力评价进行了研究,并给出了应用实例.对于反映维修器材管理中存在的问题与不足,提高维修器材保障能力具有一定的参考价值.     

基于FA-EWM的维修器材厂家直供费用研究

维修器材厂家直供费用是军民融合发展以来部队装备维修保障活动中的一项重要研究内容,通过对影响维修器材厂家直供费用的因素进行分析,得到了影响部队维修保障能力建设的基础指标,运用因子分析法从基础指标中提取公因子。通过熵权法中相关的数学模型和MATLAB软件,确定影响维修器材厂家直供费用各指标的权重,最终构建了维修器材厂家直供费用评估指标体系,为维修器材厂家直供费用的评估提供参考。     

基于灰色预测法的军械维修器材消耗规律

研究并掌握军械维修器材的消耗规律,对做好军械维修器材的保障工作有着重要的意义.基于此,研究了灰色预测法,并针对军械维修器材的实际情况,论述了如何确定影响因子,进而对灰色预测模型进行了改进,用改进后的模型研究军械维修器材的消耗规律,预测结果非常贴近实际值.     

组合算法综合决策的装备修理级别优化模型

在现实装备的维修中,针对发生故障的器材需选择经济与高效的维修级别进行维修,但往往这一问题受诸多因素的影响。为此,结合现有的成果,从定性和定量的角度,利用决策流图法给出了某型装备器材的多级维修流程,并分别构建了包含经济性和非经济性指标在内的多目标优化模型,利用TOPSIS和遗传算法的组合算法对模型进行求解,确定最优决策方案,最终通过实例仿真验证了方法的良好效果,为装备的维修保障提供了参考。     

应废除军械维修器材筹供比例限额

军械维修器材筹供比例是在一定范围内摸索、掌握各军兵种、各类典型部队军械维修器材消耗规律的基础上,结合各级军械保障机构可能保障的程度规定的。但是,由于不同类型的部队在同一时间所担负的任务、所处的地理位置、所装备的武器性能等客观因素不同,决定了军械维修器材数量、品种的消耗量不同。同类型的部队在某一段时间里,军械     

装备器材需求分析与预测方法

器材是保障装备动用计划落实与维修任务完成的重要资源,针对装备器材管理工作基础——器材需求确定过程中所涉及的相关问题,整理、分析了国内外相关研究现状,重点对初始器材需求分析、后续器材预测方法进行综述,并着眼于系统工程,充分考虑维修保障及器材保障的相互影响,对器材需求分析与预测方法的进一步研究重点与趋势进行了展望。     

导弹装备全寿命周期维修器材消耗管理研究

针对导弹装备复杂程度的不断提高,维修器材的品种和数量不断增加对装备管理提出了更高的要求,如何在有限的保障费用下制定出科学合理的维修器材管理方案成为各级维修保障部门非常重视的问题。本文立足于某型导弹装备维修器材项目的科学管理实际需求,从全寿命周期维修器材内涵出发,分析了影响导弹装备维修器材消耗的相关因素,探讨了导弹维修器材消耗管理计划的制定,细化了各阶段的工作内容。最后,设计了导弹装备全寿命周期维修器材消耗管理系统,阐述了系统设计思路与整体架构。研究成果可为新型导弹装备全寿命维修器材保障项目规划、论证与控制提供指导与借鉴。     

A dynamic inventory system with recycling

This paper deals with a periodic review inventory system in which a constant proportion of stock issued to meet demand each period feeds back into the inventory after a fixed number of periods. Various applications of the model are discussed, including blood bank management and the control of reparable item inventories. We assume that on hand inventory is subject to proportional decay. Demands in successive periods are assumed to be independent identically distributed random variables. The functional equation defining an optimal policy is formulated and a myopic base stock approximation is developed. This myopic policy is shown to be optimal for the case where the feedback delay is equal to one period. Both cost and ordering decision comparisons for optimal and myopic policies are carried out numerically for a delay time of two periods over a wide range of input parameter values.     

Optimal joint preventive maintenance and production policies

We study joint preventive maintenance (PM) and production policies for an unreliable production‐inventory system in which maintenance/repair times are non‐negligible and stochastic. A joint policy decides (a) whether or not to perform PM and (b) if PM is not performed, then how much to produce. We consider a discrete‐time system, formulating the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) model. The focus of the work is on the structural properties of optimal joint policies, given the system state comprised of the system's age and the inventory level. Although our analysis indicates that the structure of optimal joint policies is very complex in general, we are able to characterize several properties regarding PM and production, including optimal production/maintenance actions under backlogging and high inventory levels, and conditions under which the PM portion of the joint policy has a control‐limit structure. In further special cases, such as when PM set‐up costs are negligible compared to PM times, we are able to establish some additional structural properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

Synchronizing pricing and replenishment to serve forward-looking customers

We incorporate strategic customer waiting behavior in the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) setting. The seller determines not only the timing and quantities of the inventory replenishment, but also the selling prices over time. While similar ideas of market segmentation and intertemporal price discrimination can be carried over from the travel industries to other industries, inventory replenishment considerations common to retail outlets and supermarkets introduce additional features to the optimal pricing scheme. Specifically, our study provides concrete managerial recommendations that are against the conventional wisdom on “everyday low price” (EDLP) versus “high-low pricing” (Hi-Lo). We show that in the presence of inventory costs and strategic customers, Hi-Lo instead of EDLP is optimal when customers have homogeneous valuations. This result suggests that because of strategic customer behavior, the seller obtains a new source of flexibility—the ability to induce customers to wait—which always leads to a strictly positive increase of the seller's profit. Moreover, the optimal inventory policy may feature a dry period with zero inventory, but this period does not necessarily result in a loss of sales as customers strategically wait for the upcoming promotion. Furthermore, we derive the solution approach for the optimal policy under heterogeneous customer valuation setting. Under the optimal policy, the replenishments and price promotions are synchronized, and the seller adopts high selling prices when the inventory level is low and plans a discontinuous price discount at the replenishment point when inventory is the highest.     

A two-station stochastic inventory model with exact methods of computing optimal policies

A method is presented for calculating optimal inventory levels in a two-station transactions reporting inventory system. The criterion of optimality is the minimization of expected cost. The computational properties of the model are stressed and the solution method is precise. It is shown that when the model represents a central warehouse which supplies several retail outlets, stocks carried at the central location affect the capacity of the system to handle orders. Stocks carried at the retail level affect only the size of the retail order backlog.     

Lateral stock transshipments in a two‐location inventory system with fixed and joint replenishment costs

We address the problem of inventory management in a two‐location inventory system, in which the transshipments are carried out as means of emergency or alternative supply after demand has been realized. This model differs from previous ones as regards its replenishment costs structure, in which nonnegligible fixed replenishment costs and a joint replenishment cost are considered. The single period planning horizon is analyzed, with the form and several properties of the optimal replenishment and transshipment policies developed, discussed and illustrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 525–547, 1999     

Optimal replacement of military aircraft: an economic approach

A nonlinear optimization model is developed in this paper to identify the optimal replacement strategy for military aircraft. In the model, the aircraft operating and maintenance (O&M) costs per available year are estimated as a function of age during the aircraft life cycle. After determining the optimal replacement policy, the model is applied to the CF Long-Range Patrol CP-140A Arcturus fleet. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to assess the impact of some key model parameters on the result.     

The impact of operational decisions on the design of salesforce incentives

When facing high levels of overstock inventories, firms often push their salesforce to work harder than usual to attract more demand, and one way to achieve that is to offer attractive incentives. However, most research on the optimal design of salesforce incentives ignores this dependency and assumes that operational decisions of production/inventory management are separable from design of salesforce incentives. We investigate this dependency in the problem of joint salesforce incentive design and inventory/production control. We develop a dynamic Principal‐Agent model with both Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection in which the principal is strategic and risk‐neutral but the agent is myopic and risk‐averse. We find the optimal joint incentive design and inventory control strategy, and demonstrate the impact of operational decisions on the design of a compensation package. The optimal strategy is characterized by a menu of inventory‐dependent salesforce compensation contracts. We show that the optimal compensation package depends highly on the operational decisions; when inventory levels are high, (a) the firm offers a more attractive contract and (b) the contract is effective in inducing the salesforce to work harder than usual. In contrast, when inventory levels are low, the firm can offer a less attractive compensation package, but still expect the salesforce to work hard enough. In addition, we show that although the inventory/production management and the design of salesforce compensation package are highly correlated, information acquisition through contract design allows the firm to implement traditional inventory control policies: a market‐based state‐dependent policy (with a constant base‐stock level when the inventory is low) that makes use of the extracted market condition from the agent is optimal. This work appears to be the first article on operations that addresses the important interplay between inventory/production control and salesforce compensation decisions in a dynamic setting. Our findings shed light on the effective integration of these two significant aspects for the successful operation of a firm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 320–340, 2014     

An optimal critical level policy for inventory systems with two demand classes

Traditional inventory systems treat all demands of a given item equally. This approach is optimal if the penalty costs of all customers are the same, but it is not optimal if the penalty costs are different for different customer classes. Then, demands of customers with high penalty costs must be filled before demands of customers with low penalty costs. A commonly used inventory policy for dealing with demands with different penalty costs is the critical level inventory policy. Under this policy demands with low penalty costs are filled as long as inventory is above a certain critical level. If the inventory reaches the critical level, only demands with high penalty costs are filled and demands with low penalty costs are backordered. In this article, we consider a critical level policy for a periodic review inventory system with two demand classes. Because traditional approaches cannot be used to find the optimal parameters of the policy, we use a multidimensional Markov chain to model the inventory system. We use a sample path approach to prove several properties of this inventory system. Although the cost function is not convex, we can build on these properties to develop an optimization approach that finds the optimal solution. We also present some numerical results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

The distribution of recoverable inventory items from a repair center when the number of consumption centers is large

This paper considers real-time decision rules for an inventory system where items are repaired than “used up.” The problem is to decide which user in the system has the greatest need for the newly available inventory items coming out of repair. The main result shows that two published approahes, the Transportation Time Look Ahead policy and METRIC, are optimal when the number of users gets large. A useful byproduct of the proof is a lower bound on the average backorder rate for a repair-inventory system of any size.     

相控阵天线阵面两级备件优化配置模型

针对相控阵天线阵面备件配置存在的冗余性强、批量送修、多级维修等现实问题,综合考虑备件费用、维修能力以及库存策略之间的关系,建立了基于定期补给的两级备件优化配置模型。给出了系统的故障件维修周转过程和维修备件的定期补给过程,在分析备件、库存、维修能力之间关系的基础上,结合成批到达的排队理论,建立了系统的供应可用度模型。以备件配置费用最小为目标、以系统供应可用度为约束条件,建立了系统的备件优化配置模型,并通过边际效益分析法对模型进行了求解。通过算例仿真与分析对模型进行了验证。结果表明:构建的备件配置能够较好地解决相控阵天线阵面的备件配置问题,具有一定的优越性。