钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击试验

为研究钢管约束混凝土抗多发打击性能,进行了12.7 mm穿甲弹多发打击钢管约束混凝土厚靶试验,得到靶的损伤模式和侵彻深度,并建立重复打击侵彻深度预测公式。结果表明:厚度为300 mm的小直径钢管约束混凝土靶能够有效防御3发12.7 mm穿甲弹的重复打击,第二、第三发较前一发侵彻深度的增幅分别小于20%和10%;重复打击侵彻深度预测公式与试验吻合较好。研究结果可为钢管约束混凝土防枪弹结构和遮弹层结构的研究提供参考。     

侧向约束陶瓷抗侵彻性能数值模拟

为研究侧向约束、陶瓷尺寸及着靶位置对陶瓷抗侵彻性能的影响,利用AUTODYNA有限元仿真软件对陶瓷块分别在无约束及有约束情况下抗侵彻性能进行了数值模拟。在2种条件下,选取不同直径陶瓷块及相同尺寸陶瓷不同着靶位置为仿真方案,对陶瓷受侵彻过程中的破坏模式、变化规律进行了对比分析。结果表明:在无约束条件下,由于陶瓷尺寸减小及着靶边缘位置均导致无法形成完整陶瓷锥,陶瓷抗侵彻性能明显下降;而约束作用可有效改变陶瓷破坏模式,对陶瓷抗侵彻能力增强明显,能有效改善尺寸减小及着靶边缘位置带来的抗侵彻能力下降的问题。     

侧向约束陶瓷抗侵彻性能试验研究

为研究无约束、无预应力约束及预应力约束3种条件下陶瓷抗侵彻性能的变化规律,设计了陶瓷抗侵彻穿深(Depth Of Penetration,DOP)试验,利用57 mm轻气炮试验系统分别在3种条件下对陶瓷块的抗侵彻性能进行了试验,并对试验后的陶瓷及爆炸模拟破片的碎片进行回收,对破片断面进行250倍微观形貌观察。结果表明:与无约束条件相比,无预应力约束及预应力约束可有效改变陶瓷破坏模式,对陶瓷抗侵彻能力增强明显,且这2种条件下陶瓷破碎尺寸更加细小,侵彻破片断面破坏明显加剧; 3种条件下,陶瓷防护系数排序为无约束无预应力约束预应力约束。     

钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层抗侵彻数值模拟

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢纤维体积分数为0,0.5%,1.0%,钢管壁厚度为4,7.5 mm的钢管钢纤维高强混凝土遮弹层进行抗侵彻数值模拟研究,引入JHC模型来描述钢纤维高强混凝土在高速、高压环境下的非线性变形和破坏情况。通过分析距离中心侵彻位置不同节点的位移变化曲线,研究了钢管分隔作用对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,并与现场试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。同时,研究了钢纤维体积分数及钢管壁厚度对遮弹层抗侵彻的影响,结果表明:钢纤维的掺入减轻了弹体的破坏效应、限制了侵彻深度;钢管壁厚度的增加使其更好地发挥了自身的套箍及吸能作用,提高了遮弹层整体的抗侵彻能力。     

长杆射弹侵彻三种混凝土靶的实验研究

为了研究钻地武器的侵彻性能,在57mm口径的气炮上发射长杆射弹对三种靶体进行模拟侵彻实验。靶体为水泥砂浆石靶、钢纤维混凝土靶和含单层密排刚玉球的钢纤维混凝土靶。实验结果表明,弹头形状对侵彻深度有明显影响;当长杆射弹和撞击速度都相同时,与侵彻钢纤维混凝土靶相比,含单层密排刚玉球的钢纤维混凝土靶中的侵彻深度大约降低了11%,而水泥砂浆石靶中的侵彻深度增加了12%。     

长杆射弹对钢纤维混凝土靶开坑特性的实验研究

为考察射弹对钢纤维混凝土靶的侵彻特性,采用57mm轻气炮,进行了小尺寸模拟射弹对钢纤维混凝土靶(钢纤维的体积分数为2%)的侵彻实验。实验中观察了钢纤维混凝土靶的开坑形状,测量了射弹的击靶速度,并且采用注沙法测出靶体的开坑体积,计算出射弹对靶体的侵彻体积,得到了长杆射弹的动能与侵彻体积的关系。引入射弹单位面积的冲击动能和靶体单位侵彻体积的冲击动能,结合钢纤维混凝土靶的实验数据,考察了两者之间的关系。     

钢管在冲击荷载作用下的变形与失效破坏

为研究钢管在弹体侵彻过程中的变形特点,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,采用Johnson-Cook模型,模拟了半球形弹体以不同速度正向冲击钢管时的非线性动力响应情况。结果表明：弹体速度越小,钢管的抗侵彻性能越好;弹体速度越接近临界破坏速度,钢管降低弹体速度的能力就越明显;弹体冲击钢管时,钢管上表面比下表面更容易产生大变形,消耗更多的弹体动能,并在抗侵彻过程中伴有局部凹陷、蝶形变形和贯穿现象。实验结果可为圆柱壳结构钢管在冲击荷载作用下的耗能分析提供参考。     

无攻角弹体斜侵彻多层间隔混凝土靶板特性

为了能清楚地了解无攻角弹体斜侵彻多层间隔混凝土靶板的特性,采用LS-DYNA3D动力有限元软件对弹-靶作用过程进行了一系列数值模拟研究,描述了斜侵彻过程中的基本现象,分析了弹体X、Y两个方向的加速度变化规律,揭示了靶板间距、层数对抗弹性能的影响。研究表明,在总厚度一定的情况下,靶板间距的减小或者层数的增加均会降低靶板的抗弹性能,但当靶板层数较多时,抗弹性能随靶板层数的增加变化不大。所得结论对防御工事、地下掩体的构建具有参考价值。     

陶瓷/薄钢板复合结构靶板抗高速侵彻性能研究

为探讨陶瓷/薄钢板复合结构靶板(ceramic/thin steel targets,CS靶板)的抗高速侵彻机理,通过弹道试验,分析了3 mm厚SiC陶瓷层和0.6 mm厚钢板层的CS靶板的破坏模式和抗侵彻性能,并与面密度基本相同的纯钢板进行了比较。在此基础上,基于能量守恒原理,建立了CS靶板抗高速侵彻的理论预测模型,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,CS靶板中前陶瓷层的存在,使得后钢板层的破坏模式由剪切冲塞转变为花瓣开裂,大大提升了后钢板层的抗侵彻吸能效率,从而使得CS靶板的整体抗侵彻性能高于等面密度的纯钢板,CS靶板的整体抗侵彻效率较等面密度纯钢板提升15%以上;弹体穿透CS靶板后的剩余速度理论预测值与试验结果吻合较好,相对误差均在5%以内,验证了理论模型的合理性和有效性。     

活性复合动能杆对混凝土靶侵爆效应研究

基于25mm 口径弹道炮发射平台,进行了活性复合动能杆在1 800 m/s速度条件下对C40混凝土靶的侵彻实验,实验结果表明:尽管活性杆的侵彻能力较低,但其侵爆效应对混凝土内部结构造成预损伤,从而降低了靶体强度,使得随进的钨合金杆侵彻效率明显提高.另外,应用物质点法在模拟材料大变形方面的优势,在MPM3D中引入相关材料...     

Resistance of grid steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact: Experimental investigation and analytical engineering model

Steel-tube-confined concrete (STCC) targets are provided with excellent anti-penetration performance over semi-infinite concrete (SIC) targets since the steel tube imposes passive restraint on the in-filled concrete during the penetration process. Grid STCC system with square steel tubes is a potential solution to protective structures. In this paper, experiments of 9-cell grid STCC targets penetrated by 12.7 mm Armor Piercing Projectile (APP) were performed. The influence of side length and thickness of steel tube, steel ratio and impact velocity on anti-penetration performance were taken into account. Additionally, single-cell square STCC targets were also designed and tested for comparison with the 9-cell grid STCC targets. Damage modes and parameters of the tested targets were measured and discussed. Moreover, the stiffness of radial confinement of grid STCC targets is achieved according to the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Furthermore, the penetration resistance and depth of penetration (DOP) for grid STCC targets are obtained on the basis of the dynamic finite spherical cavity-expansion (FSCE) models including radial confinement effect. It is shown that the 9-cell grid STCC targets with optimal dimension match of thickness and side length of steel tube can reduce the DOP by about 17 % and 23 % in comparison with the SIC targets and single-cell square STCC targets, respectively, due to both the confinement of square steel tube to concrete in the impacted cell and the additional confinement of the surrounding cells to the impacted cell; the penetration resistance and DOP of the grid and cellular STCC targets with similar steel ratio is close, and thus the grid STCC targets with simpler manufacturing process and excellent in-plane expandability are preferred in engineering practice; moreover, the predicted results of DOP model based on the FSCE models agree well with the tested results with the maximum disparity less than 12 % and the proposed model is more applicable to the grid and cellular STCC targets with high radial confinement.     

Attitude deflection of oblique perforation of concrete targets by a rigid projectile

A perforation model is developed to predict the attitude deflection in the oblique perforation of concrete targets by a rigid projectile, in which the inertial moment of the projectile is introduced, together with taking the attitude deflection during the shear plugging sub-stage into account, and the shape of the plug formed on the rear surface of target is also re-investigated. Moreover, a new classification of concrete targets is proposed based on the target thickness, with which the attitude deflections in different kinds of concrete targets are analyzed. It is found that the numerical results by using the new perforation model are in good agreement with the previous experimental data and simulated results. Furthermore, the variations of the attitude deflection with the initial conditions (the initial attitude angle and the initial impact velocity) are investigated.     

Damage modeling of ballistic penetration and impact behavior of concrete panel under low and high velocities

This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete panels. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part consists of numerical modeling of reinforced concrete panel penetrated with a spherical projectile using concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model, while the second part focuses on the comparison of CDP model and Johnson-Holmquist-2 (JH-2) damage model and their ability to describe the behavior of concrete panel under impact loads. The first and second concrete panels have dimensions of 1500 mm × 1500 mm × 150 mm and 675 mm × 675 mm × 200 mm, respectively, and are meshed using 8-node hexahedron solid elements. The impact object used in the first part is a spherical projectile of 150 mm diameter, while in the second part steel projectile of a length of 152 mm is modeled as rigid element. Failure and scabbing characteristics are studied in the first part. In the second part, the com-parison results are presented as damage contours, kinetic energy of projectile and internal energy of the concrete. The results revealed a severe fracture of the panel and high kinetic energy of the projectile using CDP model comparing to the JH-2 model. In addition, the internal energy of concrete using CDP model was found to be less comparing to the JH-2 model.     

Interface defeat studies of long-rod projectile impacting on ceramic targets

The interface defeat phenomenon always occurs when a long-rod projectile impacting on the ceramic target with certain velocity, i.e., the projectile is forced to flow radially on the surface of ceramic plates for a period of time without significant penetration. Interface defeat has a direct effect upon the ballistic performance of the armor piercing projectile, which is studied numerically and theoretically at present. Firstly, by modeling the projectiles and ceramic targets with the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) particles and Lagrange finite elements, the systematic numerical simulations on interface defeat are performed with the commercial finite element program AUTODYN. Three different responses, i.e., complete interface defeat, dwell and direct penetration, are reproduced in different types of ceramic targets (bare, buffered, radially confined and oblique). Furthermore, by adopting the validated numerical algorithms, constitutive models and the corresponding material parameters, the influences of projectile (material, diameter, nose shape), constitutive models of ceramic (JH-1 and JH-2 models), buffer and cover plate (thickness, constraints, material), as well as the prestress acted on the target (radial and hydrostatic) on the interface defeat (transition velocity and dwell time) are systematically investigated. Finally, based on the energy conservation approach and taking the strain rate effect of ceramic material into account, a modified model for predicting the upper limit of transition velocity is proposed and validated. The present work and derived conclusions can provide helpful reference for the design and optimization of both the long-rod projectile and ceramic armor.     

钢球侵彻不同靶标的相似性分析

为研究相同弹丸侵彻不同靶标所造成损伤之间的相似性,以钢球侵彻明胶造成的瞬时空腔的最大直径为研究对象,基于相似理论推导出瞬时空腔最大直径的相似准则方程,利用钢球侵彻明胶的实验数据求解出准则方程的系数和指数,最后通过钢球侵彻猪后腿实验验证了所得到的准则方程可用于不同靶标之间的相似性分析,并具有准确性和合理性。     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的工程模型

以斜侵彻过程中的终点弹道为研究对象,基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。     

基于层裂机理的弹体侵彻混凝土的终点弹道研究

基于动态球形空腔膨胀理论给出的阻力函数理论公式和开坑阶段的表面层裂机理,建立了能够综合考虑弹头形状、开坑区深度的斜侵彻深度预测模型,并进一步推导了能够适用不同弹头形状的弹体过载时程曲线计算公式。预测模型得到的侵彻深度和过载与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可为弹体与混凝土靶的斜侵彻弹道分析和弹丸头部设计提供一定帮助。