空间功率合成技术在干扰领域的关键问题分析北大核心

空间功率合成是大功率射频设备研制的关键技术之一。针对现有导航干扰设备体积过大、功率较低和带宽较窄等问题,通过对功率合成技术研究现状进行总结,重点对空间功率合成技术的主要类型进行了深入分析。在此基础上简要对比了空间功率合成中各类数字波束合成技术类型的优缺点。同时基于导航干扰领域发展现状,对空间功率合成技术在导航干扰领域应用的技术瓶颈进行了分析,并从器件功率容量、电磁兼容要求和信号工作带宽方面总结了有待解决的问题,提出了导航大功率射频干扰站研制方向。     

任意分散布阵通信干扰机空间功率合成方法

针对小型化通信干扰机功率不足的问题,提出了一种任意分散布阵通信干扰机空间功率合成方法,采用无线的方式控制各单元的发射时间和发射相位,在不破坏单个干扰机结构完整性和独立性的前提下进行空间功率合成。分析了相位同步误差、定位误差和导向误差对功率合成效率的影响,给出了合成效率为0.8时系统对相位同步精度、定位精度和导向精度的要求。结果表明,随着各项误差的增加,合成效率不断减小并趋于下限;干扰机群分布半径越大,合成效率对导向误差越敏感。     

两级滤波结构的导航卫星天线阵抗干扰算法

干扰和多径是影响接收机导航定位性能的两个主要因素。针对卫星导航接收机的抗干扰问题,提出了一种基于两级滤波结构的卫星导航天线阵抗干扰算法。第一级滤波采用功率倒置算法抑制干扰,通过相关解扩提高卫星信号的信噪比,并估计出其空间特征矢量。第二级滤波用估计得到的卫星信号空间特征矢量对第一级滤波输出信号进行加权处理,从而形成指向卫星信号方向的主波束来进一步提高信噪比。仿真结果表明,该算法的性能明显优于功率倒置算法,且非常接近传统的波束形成算法,不需要阵列校正以及姿态测量单元辅助,其实现代价远小于传统的波束形成算法。     

一种针对分布式MIMO雷达的高效干扰功率分配方法

MIMO雷达的种类很多,其中分布式MIMO雷达是具有空间分集特性的一种,具有较强的代表性。针对采用多波束多信号干扰设备干扰分布式MIMO雷达的情况,要考虑针对MIMO雷达各节点干扰功率的分配问题,提出了采用能量集中法进行功率分配。给出分配方法及干扰效果的仿真实验,结果表明在使用相同的干扰功率情况下,所讨论的方法比传统的干扰等比例分配法具有更佳的干扰效果。     

一种基于虚拟阵元的超波束形成方法

针对超波束形成方法(Hyper Beam-forming,HBF)在实际应用中的不稳定问题,依据阵元间协方差矩阵同一斜对角线上不同元素具有相同相位差的特点,提出了一种基于虚拟阵元的超波束形成方法(Hyper Beam-forming Based on Virtual Array Element,VAEHBF)。该方法按互相关法对接收阵进行虚拟扩展;按HBF思想分子阵分裂波束形成;对分裂波束形成结果进行合成,得到改善的超波束形成结果。数值仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,相比HBF方法,该方法通过对接收阵进行虚拟扩展,在保持分辨力不变的情况下,可进一步提高合成波束增益,对信噪比的适应能力得到了3 dB提高,提高了HBF的目标检测性能及方位估计能力。     

GNSS多波束抗干扰接收机的反欺骗性能分析

为分析存在欺骗干扰的场景下GNSS多波束抗干扰接收机的反欺骗性能,提出欺骗抑制比这一性能指标。推导了在快拍数有限的情况下,多波束抗干扰接收机采用最小方差无失真响应(minimum variance distortionless response,MVDR)算法处理后输出真实信号和欺骗信号功率的理论公式。详细分析了欺骗信号到达天线阵口面的功率对真实信号和欺骗信号输出功率的影响。分析得出:即使欺骗信号功率在噪声水平之下,使用MVDR算法的多波束抗干扰接收机依然能对欺骗干扰进行抑制,且在欺骗信噪比高时,抑制效果更加显著。通过仿真和硬件平台实测验证了结论的正确性。     

多波束卫星网络的物理层安全性能指标研究

安全性是卫星通信网络充分发挥其优势的必要保证。将物理层安全传输技术引入多波束卫星通信网络,可望有效提高卫星通信系统的抗截获和抗侦测能力。分析了卫星通信的物理层安全应用需求,设计了一套波束成形和功率控制相结合的多波束卫星下行链路物理层安全传输策略,建立了信道模型和信号模型,构建了一套多波束卫星网络下行链路的物理层安全性能评价指标,并对指标进行了定性和定量的分析。     

卫星通信中波束分集及联合TPC编码性能研究

分析研究卫星移动通信系统中上行链路波束分集接收的可行性和性能及联合TPC编码性能。分析了波束交叠、波束增益对多波束卫星通信系统的性能影响,建立了用于多波束分集处理的系统模型;引用基于MGF函数的性能分析方法,针对波束分集的研究,得到了Nakagami-m衰落信道条件下的多波束相干最大比合并(MRC)性能;利用计算机仿真验证算法的有效性,并进一步分析了联合Turbo乘积码(TPC)编码的性能。通过研究表明,在多波束卫星通信中采用分集接收处理不仅完全可行,而且可以有效提高上行链路的性能,降低地面终端的发送功率,解决上行链路发送能力不足的问题,联合TPC编码可以获得进一步的性能增益。     

两路相互注入锁定Nd:YAG激光器

通过锁定多模块输出激光相位实现激光功率扩展的相干合成技术是获得高能高光束质量光源的有效途径.本文分析了相互注入锁定相干合成的机理及其对激光器相干性的影响,利用偏振元件将两路独立的Nd:YAG激光器关联起来,解决了耦合过程中的损耗问题,实现了两路激光器的相互注入锁定,获得了总功率4.4W的部分相干激光输出,长曝光结果表明远场光斑峰值功率密度提高了1.4倍,对利用相干合成技术实现高能固体激光器技术进行了初步探索.     

制导雷达网合成跟踪性能仿真研究

首先提出了一种可提高系统航迹连续性的制导雷达网合成跟踪体系结构,采用仿真试验方法对制导雷达网合成跟踪性能进行了研究.然后给出了信息融合方法和利用合成跟踪结果进行波束指向控制提高航迹维持能力的信息利用方式.针对隐身目标进行了仿真试验,仿真结果证明了所提方法的正确性和有效性.最后给出了合成跟踪的评估结果和对提高制导雷达协同作战性能带来的好处.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.