稳瞄与惯导组合系统电子产品可靠性综合分析

研究了新型稳瞄与惯性导航组合系统电子产品的可靠性综合分析方法,并给出电子产品分系统的可靠性分析模型.根据电子产品可靠性参数的验前信息以及无失效寿命数据,给出"无失效,小子样"情形的可靠性综合分析方法.该方法计算简便,结合组合系统实际情况,具有重要的工程实际意义.     

开展制定电子产品间歇性故障检测标准的建议

装备制造的批产稳定性和工艺一致性差,是当前装备产能扩充、质量提升中需要重点关注的问题。工艺过程精细控制、缺陷检测与持续优化是产品"零缺陷"交付的基石,传统以"合格"为目标,以"事后检验"为特征的故障检测研究方法,已经无法满足当代高可靠装备的质量评价要求。常规工艺检测方法已难以区分实际工艺水平高低。间歇性故障作为电子产品非常常见的故障,由于其本身随机性、间歇性且难以复现,所以非常难以检测与诊断。对于电子产品的间歇性故障,国内外均有相关先例的检测标准,且国外标准无论在适用范围还是量化指标要求上均优于现有国军标。如果对相关理论与技术进行总结整理,进行相关论证来明确技术指标,对设计方案做出指导,提出一种可以实时在线检测电子产品间歇性故障的标准,可以在研制早期剔除存在的隐性缺陷,在产品使用过程中识别微小缺陷和安全隐患、提前预知故障、提高安全性。在服役过程中通过积累数据,建立寿命模型,还可以实现智能预警和寿命预测。采用这种新技术,可以完善GJB1032《电子产品环境应力筛选方法》的实验方案,使其更加科学;可以在热、力、电、磁等多应力耦合的场景下以更加微观的视角抓取原来无法检测的失效,弥补GJB4896《军用电子设备印制电路板验收判据》目检所不能看到的隐藏性缺陷;推进GJB2547《装备测试性工作通用要求》的工程落地,在不更改设计、不改变产品动态运行的技术状态、不增加环境适应性额外负担的"三不原则"下,拿来即用。最终实现GJB299C《电子设备可靠性预计手册》与装备真实传感数据的紧密融合,从而实现对装备电子产品真实的、精确的可靠性预计与寿命预测。国内专家学者通过对国内外相关标准、技术的深入研究与试验验证,研制成功了电子产品间歇性故障检测系统,结合实际电路经过了大量的试验和充分的测试,取得了显著的成果,为开展标准编制奠定了良好的基础,在此建议有关领导部门启动相关标准立项、立题与研究。     

论××电台的可靠性控制

运用可靠性的原理、方法和有关标准,对产品进行设计改进,对其生产、验收过程实行严格的控制,是提高已定型列装电子产品固有可靠性的一条重要途径.本文结合XX电台的控制实践对此进行了系统的论述.     

基于检测数据的某型空地导弹质量排序方法

目前勤务上对空地导弹的质量检测只有简单的合格、不合格之分,难以对导弹性能科学排序.通过分析空地导弹质量的影响因素,采用模糊层次分析法对初步拟定的指标体系中定量指标和定性指标进行筛选,建立某型空地导弹质量评价的指标体系,然后设计3类专家的咨询法主观确定指标权重,最后通过导弹检测分项加权评价的方法对某型空地导弹质量进行科学排序.     

基于熵权与灰色关联法的研究生科研能力评价模型

研究生是新时代下创新型国家的重要支撑力量,科研能力的评价成为研究生培养质量的关键指标.为研究评价研究生科研能力的方法,在综合比较相关评价方法基础上,构建研究生科研能力评价指标体系,采用灰色关联度评价方法和熵权法相结合的方法建立了研究生科研能力评价模型,通过对某高校研究生的科研能力问卷实例分析,获得了该校研究生的科研能力状况.结果表明:研究生的科研能力在社会实践领域表现最优,通过实例分析验证了该模型的有效性,该模型为研究生的培养提供了参考.     

军用电子产品“全寿命”环保问题探析

如何应对军用电子产品引起的环保问题，已是摆在我们面前必须认真对待和迫切解决的问题。我们必须对军用电子产品的“全寿命”环保问题进行深入思考，只有把军用电子产品生命周期四个阶段的环保问题分别考虑，即设计／定型阶段、生产阶段、使用阶段和报废／回彬循环使用阶段，才能找到解决问题的思路和方法。     

ATAM方法及其在C4ISR系统体系结构评价中的应用

ATAM(Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method)方法是一种评价信息系统体系结构级设计的方法,它通过对诸如性能、可更改性、可靠性、安全性等多个质量属性的分析来确定体系结构设计中的折衷点,从而降低设计风险.介绍了ATAM方法的基本概念、步骤,并给出了该方法在C4ISR系统体系结构评价中的一个应用实例.     

做好型号设计质量评价控制武器装备质量源头

型号设计阶段是装备质量形成的源头,质量评价是保证型号研制方案质量的重要手段。根据型号研制阶段设计质量评价新需求,应用现代产品质量理论及方法,阐述了型号设计质量评价的概念、特点、过程、方法体系及软件工具系统,为保证装备方案质量提供切实可行的技术途径,使装备质量持续改进成为可能。     

边缘信息的红外与可见光图像融合评价

建立能同时结合主观和客观因素的图像融合质量评价方法是目前图像融合中急需解决的问题之一。以反映人类视觉特性的结构相似度为依据,并结合源图像与融合图像的边缘信息,提出了一种新的图像融合质量评价方法,该方法充分反映了人类视觉系统的特性,可以为不同环境下选择不同的图像融合算法提供依据。通过对红外与可见光图像采用多种不同的融合算法进行融合质量评价,实验表明,评价结果与人眼主观评价一致,是一种实用的、有效的图像融合质量评价方法。     

一种雷达设备质量水平评价方法

为了定量评价雷达设备的质量水平差异,对反映雷达设备质量的诸多特征进行分析,提出了质量评价因子的概念,建立了评价指标体系,给出了数学模型及算法,并通过实例验证了该方法的科学性和有效性。该方法不仅可用于雷达设备的代别划分,而且为雷达设备质量评价提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

A quasi-isentropic model of a cylinder driven by aluminized explosives based on characteristic line analysis

A quasi-isentropic study on the process of driving a cylinder with aluminized explosives was carried out to examine the influence of the aluminum (Al) reaction rate on cylinder expansion and the physical parameters of the detonation products. Based on the proposed quasi-isentropic hypothesis and relevant isentropic theories, the characteristic lines of aluminized explosives driving a cylinder were analyzed, and a quasi-isentropic model was established. This model includes the variation of the cylinder wall velocity and the physical parameters of the detonation products with the Al reaction degree. Using previously reported experimental results, the quasi-isentropic model was verified to be applicative and accurate. This model was used to calculate the physical parameters for cylinder experiments with aluminized cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine explosives with 15.0 % and 30.0 % Al content. The results show that this quasi-isentropic model can be used not only to calculate the cylinder expansion rule or Al reaction degree, but also to calculate the physical parameters of the detonation products in the process of cylinder expansion. For explosives with 15.0 % and 30.0 % Al, 24.3 % and 18.5 % of the Al was found to have reacted at 33.9 μs and 34.0 μs, respectively. The difference in Al content results in different reaction intensity, occurrence time, and duration of two forms of reaction (diffusion and kinetic) between the Al powder and the detonation products; the post-detonation burning reaction between the Al powder and the detonation products prolongs the positive pressure action time, resulting in a continuous rise in temperature after detonation.     

一个分布式并行设计集成框架系统的研究与开发

复杂产品的设计日益复杂 ,推向市场的时间日益缩短 ,并行设计技术得到广泛应用。文中实现了一个支持复杂产品多领域并行设计的集成框架YC bridge。该集成框架的开发采用符合CORBA规范的Client/Server中间件 ,实现了基于设计体模型的设计数据管理、基于语义模型的工具封装和基于扩展网络图模型的设计过程管理。YC bridge已在实际设计工作中得到较好的应用     

小子样条件下基于Normal-Poisson过程的性能可靠性评定

对于高可靠、长寿命产品,基于性能退化数据分析可靠性是一种行之有效的技术途径。结合航空航天产品性能退化的机理与现场试验小子样的特点,建立了基于Normal-Poisson过程的性能退化模型。论文在对产品性能退化建模的基础上,结合Bayes方法给出了退化模型参数的估计算法和可靠性推断的公式,最后结合实例说明了方法的有效性。     

Double Mover–Stayer model on customer switching in telecommunications industry

Customer acquisition and customer retention are the most important challenges in the increasingly competitive telecommunications industry. Traditional studies of customer switching always assume that customers are homogeneous, and thus that model customer switching behavior follows a Markov formulation. However, this postulation is obviously inappropriate in most instances. Blumen et al. (Cornell Studies of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1955) developed the Mover–Stayer (MS) model, a generalization of the Markov chain model, to relax the requirement of homogeneity and allow the presence of heterogeneity with two different types of individuals—“stayers,” who purchase the same kinds of products or services throughout the entire observation period; and “movers,” who look for variety in products or services over time. There are two purpose of this article. First, we extend the MS model to a Double Mover‐Stayer (DMS) model by assuming the existence of three types of individuals in the market: (1) stable and loyal customers, who have stable usage within the same company; (2) instable but loyal customers, whose usage varies within the same company over time; and (3) disloyal customers, who switch from one company to another to seek for new experiences or/and benefits. We also propose an estimation method for the DMS model. Second, we apply the DMS model to telecommunications data and demonstrate how it can be used for pattern identification, hidden knowledge discovery, and decision making. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

Determination of the optimal investment in end products and repair resources

This paper demonstrates how to determine the minimal cost combination of end products and repair service capability in order to maintain a given level of operating end products. It is shown that the general rule for optimal resource allocation requires simply that the absolute value of the marginal factor cost of repair services divided by the marginal factor cost of end products be equal to the arrival rate of end products to repair. The model is applied to the problem of determining the resources required to support an operating level of Navy F-4 aircraft.     

关于独立学院教学体制的构建

独立学院作为一种新型的办学模式，是高教改革的战略抉择，对我国高等教育向“大众化教育”转变具有重要的意义。构建合理的独立学院教学体制是实现人才培养的关键。对此，独立学院必须以培养应用型专门人才为目标，以市场为导向，科学确定学生的知识结构和能力体系，构建合理的人才培养模式；应根据独立学院的特点，以教学运行管理为重点，加强教学管理的规范化建设，构建合理的教学管理机制；以提高教学质量为目标，构建合理的教学质量监控与保障体系；充分运用独立学院灵活的办学机制，构建一支由母体高校教师、专任教师和兼职教师三部分组成的，适应独立学院教学工作需要的教师队伍。     

A model for step‐stress accelerated life testing

Modern technology is producing high reliability products. Life testing for such products under normal use condition takes a lot of time to obtain a reasonable number of failures. In this situation a step‐stress procedure is preferred for accelerated life testing. In this paper we assume a Weibull and Lognormal model whose scale parameter depends upon the present level as well as the age at the entry in the present stress level. On the basis of that we propose a parametric model to the life distribution for step‐stress testing and suggest a suitable design to estimate the parameters involved in the model. A simulation study has been done by the proposed model based on maximum likelihood estimation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

基于作业成本法的武器装备定价分析

作业成本法是近年来在西方国家得到广泛关注的一种新型成本计算方法.其目的是运用以"作业"为核心的管理思想,把管理重心深入到作业层次,为产品的合理定价提供依据.介绍了作业成本法产生背景及原理,建立了基于作业成本法的武器装备定价模型,分析了其适用性,为武器装备的定价提供了借鉴.     

Spatial pricing and product allocation in online retailing

Spatial pricing means a retailer price discriminates its customers based on their geographic locations. In this article, we study how an online retailer should jointly allocate multiple products and facilitate spatial price discrimination to maximize profits. When deciding between a centralized product allocation ((i.e., different products are allocated to the same fulfillment center) and decentralized product allocation (ie, different products are allocated to different fulfillment centers), the retailer faces the tradeoff between shipment pooling (ie, shipping multiple products in one package), and demand localization (ie, stocking products to satisfy local demand) based on its understanding of customers' product valuations. In our basic model, we consider two widely used spatial pricing policies: free on board (FOB) pricing that charges each customer the exact amount of shipping cost, and uniform delivered (UD) pricing that provides free shipping. We propose a stylized model and find that centralized product allocation is preferred when demand localization effect is relatively low or shipment pooling benefit is relatively high under both spatial pricing policies. Moreover, centralized product allocation is more preferred under the FOB pricing which encourages the purchase of virtual bundles of multiple products. Furthermore, we respectively extend the UD and FOB pricing policies to flat rate shipping (ie, the firm charges a constant shipping fee for each purchase), and linear rate shipping (ie, the firm sets the shipping fee as a fixed proportion of firm's actual fulfillment costs). While similar observations from the basic model still hold, we find the firm can improve its profit by sharing the fulfillment cost with its customers via the flat rate or linear rate shipping fee structure.