一种面向目标的伪彩色图像融合算法

针对远距离红外与可见光融合图像中目标不突出的问题,提出了一种面向目标的伪彩色图像融合算法。基于目标特征将红外图像分割为目标区域和背景区域,以人类视觉的生物机理和感受野的数学模型为基础,利用差分高斯函数(Difference of Gaussians,DOG)模拟视觉拮抗特性,对目标区域和背景区域用改进的感受野模型和不同的彩色映射规则进行伪彩色图像融合。实验结果显示:该算法能够保留图像共有特征,突出独有特征,融合图像色彩自然、目标突出,具有良好的视觉效果。     

光学显微结核杆菌图像的区域分割算法

为提高结核杆菌目标的分割精度,提出了一种区域级的光学显微结核杆菌图像分割算法。通过顶帽—底帽变换增强彩色图像对比度,融合图像局部特征和全局信息计算图像梯度,利用分水岭算法实现对图像的初始分割;对分割区域采用相邻区域最大相似度准则进行合并,从而得到完整的目标区域;根据结核杆菌图像的特点,通过分析结核杆菌目标区域的颜色特性,采用多阈值分割的方法滤除区域中的杂质,实现对结核杆菌目标的分割。实验结果表明,可以分割出目标对比度低以及饱和度过低的结核杆菌目标,并且对不同染色背景的图像均能取得较好的分割结果。     

基于区域分割的光学显微结核杆菌图像分割算法*

为了提高结核杆菌目标的分割精度,本文提出了一种基于区域级的光学显微结核杆菌图像分割算法。首先,通过顶帽-底帽变换增强彩色图像对比度,然后融合图像局部特征和全局信息计算图像梯度,在此基础上利用分水岭算法实现对图像的初始分割;对分割区域采用相邻区域最大相似度准则进行合并,从而得到完整的目标区域;最后根据结核杆菌图像的特点,通过分析结核杆菌目标区域的颜色特性,采用多阈值分割的方法滤除区域中的杂质,实现对结核杆菌目标的分割。实验结果表明,本算法可以分割出目标对比度低以及饱和度过低的结核杆菌目标,并且对不同染色背景的图像均能取得较好的分割结果。     

基于SFS的磨粒图像三维重构

研究了一种由磨粒灰度图像直接恢复出磨粒图像三维信息的磨粒三维形貌恢复方法，以几种典型的磨粒灰度图像进行算法验证，实验结果表明，该方法简单，易于实现，恢复后的磨粒三维图像有较强的立体感。在不增加硬件成本的基础上，可以为磨粒的分析提供三维数据，为磨粒图像三维特征的提取奠定基础，对磨粒识别精度的提高产生重要的影响。     

基于边缘重叠的图像全自动拼接技术

针对现有图像拼接方法的缺点提出一种全自动图像拼接算法,该算法综合考虑了图像拼接的精度和速度.利用迭代法自动求得图像的最佳分割阈值,二值化原始图像,经过标记、筛选等处理后快速提取出边缘重叠图像匹配过程中所需的特征模板.通过提取出的特征模板利用基于灰度的方法确定图像的最佳拼接线,从而实现图像正确、平滑的无缝拼接.实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

野外复杂背景下轻武器射击目标的图像识别算法

针对野外复杂背景下轻武器射击目标图像的分析判别,首先采用一种彩色空间聚类分析和阈值分割相结合的混合算法,即基于S、I通道的目标图像两步分割算法,将目标区域从背景图像中分离出来.然后基于机器学习理论中的Boosting算法,利用区域的形状特征和纹理特征等组成一个强分类器,将目标区域从其他区域分离出来,同时判断出目标的类型.     

层次聚类算法和基于图的分割算法相融合的图像分割算法

基于图的分割算法（Graph-Based Segmentation,GBS）算法）是由Felzenszwalb和Huttenlocher提出的经典的图像分割算法之一,但其分割结果中存在明显的欠分割现象。为此,在GBS算法的基础上引入层次聚类（Hierarchical Clustering,HC）算法,构造出一种解决GBS算法欠分割的方法,同时采用多线程并行处理数据的方式,有效改善了传统层次聚类算法的处理速度。该方法在RGB彩色空间中使用GBS算法得到图像中每个像素点的初始分割结果,并提取出每一类区域中的像素值,对其进行层次聚类,得到每一类区域中像素值的类别标签,根据层次聚类所得到的类别标签和预设的类别范围,修改每个像素点的初始分割结果。最后根据区域合并准则,生成一个新的分割图。经实验表明,该方法与Kmeans-SLIC(simple linear iterative clustering)算法和GBS算法等相比,很好地解决了欠分割现象,并产生了分割精度较高的语义分割图。     

复杂自然背景中人造目标的分割研究

在以自然景物为背景的图像中,分形维数特征是一种能有效将人造物体从自然背景中分割出来的一种纹理特征.提出了一种基于Gabor滤波器及差分盒维数的分形纹理特征提取方法,该方法依据不同的滤波器尺度分别采用不同尺寸的滑动窗口来计算分形纹理特征.并利用FCM方法实现了对图像的分割.实验表明该方法能很好地对真实自然背景的图像进行分割,并能由此获得人工目标的轮廓图像.     

基于最大交叉熵的PCNN简化模型在图像分割中的应用

用PCNN作图像分割时,选择不同的模型参数值和停止判决准则,图像分割的差异很大。分别选择最大熵和最大交叉熵作为PCNN图像分割准则,并对PCNN模型进行合理简化。实验结果表明,基于最大交叉熵准则PCNN迭代次数更少,图像分割效果明显优于最大熵准则。     

基于分割相似度的异源图像匹配算法

异源图像匹配技术具有视觉机理研究和工程实际应用的双重价值。而图像分割是一种提取图像特征的有效手段,但由于异源图像的特性,分割算法在异源图像上难以得到一致特征。本文提出了分割相似度的概念,在允许分割存在差异的条件下衡量两种分割的相似程度,从而实现异源图像的匹配。最后通过可见光与红外图像匹配实验证明了算法的有效性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

物理学中的辩证自然观——控制、信息、系统与辩证自然观

和谐律、守恒律、方向律是自然辩证法中自然观的三大规律,它们贯穿、融合并体现于各具体学科的研究领域中。本文主要以自然辨证规律在控制与系统科学中的体现为依托,系统阐述物理学中控制系统理论与信息理论及其应用中自然观三大规律的具体表现。     

The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.     

Into the black box? Technology sharing in major arms transfers and beyond

From the recipients’ perspective, arms transfers have, through the use of offsets, technology transfers, and industrial participation, become an opportunity to receive not only advanced weapons, but also technologies not otherwise available. How important are friendly relations for securing a military export order? To what extent do buyers demand advanced military or commercial technology and how are these demands accepted by the supplier? How does this influence smaller producers in relation to major producers? These questions are addressed by studying (a) the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35 by Lockheed Martin, USA, and the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft by Saab, Sweden, (b) the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft competition in India for 126 combat aircraft, and (c) the Indian offset policy. In the final section, some long-term consequences are discussed.     

A Muslim by any other name

Abstract

A crisis is emerging in the Nile Basin, where some 300 million people in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi rely on the Nile directly or indirectly. Egypt and Sudan wish to preserve a regime based on treaties drawn up during the colonial era that allocated the vast majority of the Nile's water to them. Countries upstream are determined to challenge this. In 1999 the countries using the river formed the Nile Basin Initiative to try to resolve these differences. More than a decade of negotiations failed to break the impasse. In May Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda decided to wait no longer and signed a new treaty, without the consent of Egypt and Sudan. The signatories have given the other Nile Basin countries one year to join the pact. For Egypt, which relies on the Nile for 95 per cent of its water, this is a question of life or death. Egypt has, in the past, indicated it will go to war if its share of the Nile is reduced. Talks continue, but the impasse is driving the region towards a crisis to which there is no easy resolution.     

爆炸冲击波对靶板的损伤仿真与评估研究

为了研究爆炸冲击波对武器装备的损伤，建立了炸药爆炸冲击靶板的有限元模型，对不同厚度靶板在确定爆炸冲击环境下的损伤进行了仿真试验。不同于传统的宏观破口尺寸损伤表征参数，引入了等效塑性应变来精确描述靶板损伤，并提出了一种基于主成分分析理论对靶板损伤进行评估的方法。结果表明：利用该方法所得到的计算结果与理论分析结果完全一致。这说明基于多元统计分析的靶板损伤评估方法是切实可行的，可以进一步应用于装备爆炸损伤评估与易损性研究中。     

静电放电抗扰度试验中辐射场若干特性的试验研究

国际标准IEc61000-4—2中对静电放电抗扰度试验方法和试验布局进行了规定，但是对间接静电放电（ESD）产生的辐射场没有进行描述。根据标准IEc61000—4—2，首先对水平耦合板和垂直耦合板放电时垂直耦合板上的场分布进行了分析，然后对几种医疗设备进行静电放电抗扰度试验。试验得出：1）对两种耦合板放电时，水平耦合板上电场强度和磁场强度随测试距离的变化趋势不同；2）试验结果对ESD模拟器的种类有着依赖关系。这些结果为研究电子设备静电放电抗扰度试验新方法、新标准和新的试验平台及诊断评估方法提供了参考依据。     

超声颗粒监测中聚焦的必要性及相应参数的确定方法

分析了超声波颗粒监测中探头聚焦的必要性,并介绍了与聚焦探头有关的聚焦参数（Ｆｚ,Ｂｗ）的理论确定方法。     

多级安全数据库体系结构及其策略模型的研究

通过对现有多级安全数据库体系结构和策略模型的研究,分析它们各自存在的不足,给出了一个基于核心化体系结构的MLS-DBMS体系结构,并在现有策略模型的基础上,提出了一个基于扩展安全级的安全模型.该安全模型增加了策略模型的灵活性,提高了数据库系统的安全性和可用性.