伸向空中的触角——高灵敏度雷达

随着隐身技术的迅速发展,隐身兵器层出不穷,战场上的目标越来越难以被探测到。为了对付未来先进的低可观测性威胁目标,提高雷达的灵敏度至关重要。什么是高灵敏度雷达?顾名思义,高灵敏度雷达就是灵敏度较高的雷达,一般说来,能探测到隐身目标的雷达都可称为高灵敏度雷达。这些雷达利用目标信号特征或采用特殊技术(如较低工作频率、宽频带、多频谱、双极化、多基地、灵活扫描、多普勒效应等)及其他一些先进方法来捕捉微弱的目标信号。它们是隐身目标的克星,也是提高武器系统性能的重要电子设备。     

双基地雷达在抗反辐射武器系统中的应用分析

针对当前雷达系统受反辐射武器系统的威胁越来越严重的问题,分析了双基地雷达在现代防御体系中抗反辐射武器系统的优势及主要技术,并提出了采用合理布置双基地雷达收发基地对ARM加以对抗的措施.通过模拟计算得出收发基地经过合理布置后的双基地雷达,受ARM的杀伤概率会降至0.13,这充分说明了双基地雷达在未来军事斗争中有着显而易见的作用及可观的发展前景.     

防空导弹武器系统制导雷达抗干扰效能评估

针对防空导弹武器系统制导雷达抗干扰效能评估至今尚未形成一致意见的情况,从制导雷达和电子战双方的作战意图和工作机理出发,抓住制导雷达作为武器系统传感器来获取探测信息这一特定属性,以制导雷达获取目标和导弹信息能力为评估重点,以制导雷达在受干扰后在采用抗干扰措施和未采用抗干扰措施情况下某个目标基本信息单元未被干扰信号压制或欺骗的概率之比作为评估指标,对压制和欺骗干扰效果评估问题作了研究.     

基于雷达图的防暴武器系统作战效能评估方法

为科学、合理和直观地评估防暴武器系统的作战效能,提出基于雷达图的防暴武器系统作战效能评估方法。建立了防暴武器系统的作战效能指标体系。构造了防暴武器系统的雷达云图。提取雷达图中各指标的扇形面积特征解决传统雷达图法评价结果不唯一的问题,进一步设计防暴武器系统作战效能评价模型。通过实例验证所提评估方法的正确性和合理性。研究工作为防暴武器系统的作战运用及性能优化提供了科学指导。     

毫米波雷达在舰载近战武器系统中的应用现状和展望

毫米波雷达与微波雷达相比,在工作频率、天线、大气传输特性和跟踪精度等方面均有其独特的优点。结合舰载毫米波雷达的典型实例,论述了其在近战武器系统中的应用现状和展望。     

HPM窄脉冲跟踪雷达的工程实现

介绍了雷达的发展过程和以雷达原理组成的新型武器系统,叙述了HPM(高能量微波武器)在各国的研究情况及其特点,着重地讨论了HPM窄脉冲雷达具有脉冲窄(5ns～25ns)、功率高(>0.1GW)、电磁环境恶劣情况下实现目标跟踪,电磁防范措施及工程应用。对实现该系统中采用的关键性器件进行了原理分析,并展望了该武器系统的应用前景。     

相控阵雷达信息在舰炮武器系统中优化使用

相控阵雷达作为全舰统一配置的公共资源,已成为当前舰艇装备发展的一种趋势。从信息流程和解算方法等方面,研究了近程反导舰炮武器系统对相控阵雷达目标信息的优化使用问题,以充分有效地利用相控阵雷达目标探测资源,缩短了舰炮武器系统的反应时间,提高了舰炮武器系统的作战能力。仿真分析表明了方法的有效性。     

确定性理论在雷达型号识别中的应用

雷达型号识别是雷达对抗情报侦察的首要工作,是近一步分析雷达用途及相关武器系统的基础,也是高层次上的态势评估和威胁估计的主要依据.针对现代战争中电磁信号环境的复杂性,利用单一传感器很难对雷达型号进行准确识别,而基于确定性理论的不确定推理技术能将多个传感器在多个周期的侦察信息进行融合,所以采用确定性理论的数据融合技术,基于确定性理论的组合规则,采用分层式融合算法对雷达型号进行识别.仿真结果表明,该方法的识别结果令人满意,使采用单一传感器可能存在的无法识别或误识别等现象得到了明显的改善.     

基于雷达图法的防空武器系统战斗力可视化评估

运用雷达图分析法,建立防空武器系统的作战能力评估模型,实现战斗力评估可视化。阐述了雷达图法的基本原理,建立了地面防空武器系统战斗力评估指标体系,选取了8个基本指标以实例分析的形式建立3类防空武器系统的雷达图模型,并进行定性定量分析。相对于其他综合评估方法,雷达图法既能直观地反映评估对象在各指标上的相对优劣程度,又便于对评估对象作出全局性、整体性评价,简洁、直观、精确且可操作性强。     

噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达技术研究

反舰导弹末制导雷达越来越多地采用单脉冲角跟踪技术,舰艇须结合自身特点,采取有效的对抗措施.针对噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达的可行性进行了分析,建立了噪声干扰模型、角度跟踪误差估算模型和雷达发现概率计算模型,并用Matlab进行仿真验证,得出了噪声干扰通过破坏雷达角跟踪系统而有效干扰单脉冲末制导雷达的结论,并根据所给参数推算出此时所需的干扰机功率大小.     

武器装备作战控制软件管理方法

随着科学技术不断进步 ,微处理器及其作战控制软件已被现代武器装备大量采用 ,作战控制软件发挥的作用越来越大 ,对软件的管理亦更加重要 ,通过对作战控制软件管理方面存在的问题的分析 ,提出了加强武器装备作战控制软件管理的方法     

Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given syner-gistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and ad-vancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.     

制导雷达组网反隐身研究

现代战场上各种隐身目标的出现,要求利用多种传感器组网来采集信息并加以融合,才能充分利用隐身目标各个方向及各个频段不同的反射特性,最大限度提取信息,满足战场对信息、目标识别和态势分析的需要。为此,对制导雷达组网的带反馈的数据融合模型,以及分层Kal-man滤波融合算法、信噪比加权融合算法进行了研究,并通过对特定组网布站的仿真试验,验证了制导雷达组网反隐身的有效性。     

雷达组网区域性防御区优化部署

对雷达网的费效比、数量、类型方面的优化部署进行了讨论。针对自卫压制式干扰或随队压制式干扰,给出一种采用不同频率的雷达利用不同位置进行优化部署的方法,并利用数据融合技术对这种部署方法进行讨论。     

国外雷达技术发展管窥

随着高新技术的迅猛发展,雷达技术有了较大的发展空间,雷达与反雷达的相对平衡状态不断被打破。介绍了国外多种高性能雷达技术发展及其性能特点,窥探发展中的防空雷达体制、参数选择和附加措施等,根据不同目标的空域特性,制定防空对策及电子防御措施,不断提高雷达的适应性、有效性和战场生存能力。     

数据融合与敌我识别综述

敌我识别 (IFF)是自动目标识别 (ATR)技术的重要应用之一。高科技条件下现代战场中的目标侦察与敌我识别问题 ,一直是国际雷达领域和信息处理技术的主攻方向。为适应未来数字化战场的作战需求 ,具有敌我识别能力的系统 ,已成为 2 1世纪战场数字化系统的基本功能单元之一。扼要介绍了目标识别的有效途径、可提高敌我识别系统效能的数据融合技术及IFF现状与发展趋势。     

The Damoclean sword of offensive cyber: Policy uncertainty and collective insecurity

Cyberspace is a new domain of operation, with its own characteristics. Cyber weapons differ qualitatively from kinetic ones: They generate effects by non-kinetic means through information, technology, and networks. Their properties, opportunities, and constraints are comparable to the qualitative difference between conventional and nuclear weapons. New weapons and their target sets in a new domain raise a series of unresolved policy challenges at the domestic, bilateral, and international levels about deterrence, attribution, and response. They also introduce new risks: uncertainty about unintended consequences, expectations of efficacy, and uncertainty about both the target’s and the international community’s response. Cyber operations offer considerable benefits for states to achieve strategic objectives both covertly and overtly. However, without a strategic framework to contain and possibly deter their use, make state and non-state behavior more predictable in the absence of reciprocal norms, and limit their impact, an environment where states face persistent attacks that nonetheless fall below the threshold of armed conflict presents a policy dilemma that reinforces collective insecurity.     

Feasibility analysis of WDM links for radar applications

Active phased array antennas enhances the performance of modern radars by using multiple low power transmit/receive modules in place of a high power transmitter in conventional radars. Fully distributed phased array radars demand the distribution of various signals in radio frequency(RF) and digital domain for real time operation. This is normally achieved through complex and bulky coaxial distribution networks. In this work, we intend to tap the inherent advantages of fiber links with wavelength division multiplexed(WDM) technology and a feasibility study to adapt these links for radar applications is carried out. This is done by analysing various parameters like amplitude, delay, frequency and phase variation response of various radar waveforms over WDM links. This also includes performance evaluation of non-linear frequency modulation(NLFM) signals, known for better signal to noise ratio(SNR) to specific side lobe levels. NLFM waveforms are further analysed using pulse compression(PC) technique. Link evaluation is also carried out using a standard simulation environment and is then experimentally verified with other waveforms like RF continuous wave(CW), pulsed RF and digital signals. Synchronization signals are generated from this variable duty cycle digital signals during real time radar operation. During evaluation of digital signals, variable transient effects for different duty cycles are observed from an amplifier configuration. A suppression method is proposed to eliminate this transient effects. Further, the link delay response is investigated using different lengths of fiber spools. It can be inferred from the experimental results that WDM links are capable of handling various signals significant to radar applications.     

超低空目标侦察与数字化火控技术的发展前景

低空、超低空目标的日益增多,促进了超低空目标侦察技术和防空兵火控观念的改变.对雷达超低空侦察技术、被动声纳超低空预警技术、地面防空兵器数字化火控技术3个方面的发展前景进行了详细论述.     

军用导航技术发展趋势

现代战争的高技术特点要求武器系统装备精密导航系统来提供精确的导航信息 ,提高武器的战斗性能。论述了惯性敏感器发展技术、GPS技术、GPS/INS组合与抗干扰问题。发展高精度、低成本、抗干扰能力强的导航系统是未来军用导航系统发展的趋势