防空中雷达对抗战术及其发展趋势

<正>雷达对抗是一切从敌方雷达及其武器系统获取信息(雷达侦察),破坏或干扰敌方雷达及茸武器系统的正常工作(雷达干扰和雷达攻击)的战术、技术措施。其实质是通过干扰信号对目标回波的压制、掩盖与模拟作用,使雷达的信号接收显示系统与自动控制系统不能正确地获取信息与控制武器,降低侦察效能与火力效能,最终丧失战斗力。它是在雷达信号环境范围内夺取制电磁权的重要作战行动,在现代战     

舰载雷达中频信号仿真设计与实现

为满足舰载传感器或武器系统论证、设计、试验、评估、训练等全生命周期的应用,对新型舰载警戒探测与跟踪雷达中频信号模拟器的系统体系和组成进行了探讨,介绍了系统的功能和技术指标,重点研究了软件无线电在雷达中频信号模拟中的应用、雷达电磁环境和目标回波仿真等一些关键技术,包括目标航迹模拟、目标回波模拟、杂波信号模拟、雷达接收天线仿真、雷达天线方向图仿真等.采用软件无线电技术和软硬件相结合的方法较逼真地实现了海战场复杂电磁环境下雷达中频信号的模拟.     

地空导弹武器系统制导雷达测量误差评估

地空导弹武器系统制导雷达的测量误差直接影响地空导弹武器系统的命中率,研究一种简便的方法对制导雷达的测量误差进行定期评估,对保障地空导弹武器系统的性能具有重要意义。基于无人机和北斗系统(BDS)提出了一种简便高效的制导雷达测量误差评估方法。该方法不需要将制导雷达输送到指定的校飞基地,在原阵地就可方便实现,不影响部队担负战备任务,且评估精度高,为定期掌握地空导弹武器系统制导雷达的测量误差提供了一种有效方法。     

海上试验中电磁环境验证应用研究

为了保证导弹武器装备在海上复杂电磁环境下的试验顺利进行,通过构建雷达受到外界电磁干扰的数学模型和仿真计算,对不同的地理环境和设备进行电磁兼容"概要预测",得出相应结论;通过调整载舰运动航路,改变"概要预测"结果;并在工程实践中利用频谱分析仪和武器系统中雷达的工作情况,验证得出在该航路条件下,武器系统没有受到外界电磁干扰的结论.     

开口金属腔体对强电磁脉冲的耦合效应

为了评价腔体开口因素对核电磁脉冲(High-amplitude Electro Magnetic Pulse,HEMP)和高功率微波(High Power Microwave,HPM)破坏效能的影响,采用CST电磁计算软件建立强电磁脉冲的孔缝耦合模型,研究孔缝的位置、大小以及长宽比对HEMP和HPM耦合效应的影响。结果表明,孔缝的位置、大小及长宽比对HEMP的耦合效应影响较大,合理控制孔缝的位置、大小以及长宽比能在一定程度上削弱HEMP的破坏效能。对于HPM,相同条件下其耦合效应要明显强于HEMP。在孔缝达到一定尺寸后,其大小和长宽比对HPM的耦合效应影响较小,仅孔缝位置会带来较大的影响。当开口平面与HPM入射方向平行时,耦合效应最弱,但此时耦合进入腔体内的能量还是很容易达到多种电子元器件的电磁损伤阈值级别。     

太赫兹雷达技术研究

太赫兹雷达具有频率高、带宽宽、波束窄的特点,是太赫兹军事应用的一个重要发展方向。在介绍太赫兹雷达技术特点的基础上,分析了制约太赫兹雷达发展的技术瓶颈,阐述了太赫兹雷达发展现状,并对太赫兹波雷达未来发展进行了展望。太赫兹波是电磁波谱上亟待人类开发的最后一个频段,抢占太赫兹雷达技术高地对于提升国家经济、军事能力竞争力具有重大意义。     

某巡航导弹靶标RCS的仿真分析

某型巡航导弹靶标主要用于对拦截该弹的反导防御系统进行性能评估,而其在雷达照射下的RCS值是进行评估的一项重要指标,为研究其RCS值对反导防御系统中的雷达探测能力的影响,采用基于高频局部性原理的物理光学法(PO)和等效电磁流法(EEMC) 的综合来计算测量导弹的RCS值,并在改变雷达照射波入射方位角的情况下对该型导弹RCS的相应改变情况进行仿真分析,得出了该型号导弹的RCS图,为评估反导防御系统地基雷达的性能提供了参考依据.     

增强导弹武器系统电磁兼容性的方法研究

以系统内和系统间的EMC设计、分析与预测技术为基础 ,利用有关武器系统EMC的历史数据、现场报告和理论分析结论 ,对在执行任务中的导弹武器系统进行电磁环境兼容分析预测 ,识别和测试系统中的潜在干扰发射 /响应设备对 ,并进行电磁干扰控制和电磁加固 ,以增强实际训练、作战中导弹武器系统的电磁兼容性能。该方法也可推广应用到其它复杂武器系统如多军、兵种联合行动中武器系统的EMC分析和电磁加固实践中 ,以有效地减小或消除各友邻武器系统相互之间的EMI影响。     

防空导弹制导雷达综合抗干扰能力评估

分析了地空导弹武器系统制导雷达面临的主要干扰及其所采取的主要抗干扰措施,一般层次分析法(AHP)在评估某些模糊概念时存在缺陷。基于模糊层次分析法(FAHP),构造了模糊一致判断矩阵,建立了防空导弹制导雷达综合抗干扰能力评估模型,该模型具有快速、易于操作等优点,解决了在评价制导雷达综合抗干扰能力时难以定量分析的问题。     

某高炮武器系统作战效能评估

某高炮武器系统是我军近几年装备的一种性能优良、技术先进的新型防空武器系统,在反空袭作战中将发挥重要的作用,计算该系统的作战效能具有重要的军事价值和现实意义。建立了计算高炮武器系统对空中目标毁歼概率的数学模型,给出了作战效能评估的数学公式,分别计算了某高炮武器系统用X波段雷达、Ka波段雷达、电视激光方式工作时的作战效能。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.