Virtual War in the Ice Jungle: ‘We don't know how to do this’

The Cold War at sea expanded in many realms, including the frigid and treacherous waters of the Arctic Ocean. The US Navy pioneered these efforts with the visit of USS Nautilus to the North Pole in 1958. During the latter stages of the Cold War, however, Soviet naval strategists began to conceptualize the polar ice cap as a strategic asset for cloaking the operations of its nuclear missile submarines. As under-ice operations afforded the Soviet submarine fleet advantages of stealth, proximity to target and tighter lines of communications, both navies were forced to try to develop tactics for combat under these extremely complex and arduous conditions.     

Postoptimality analysis in zero-one programming by implicit enumeration

The procedures for postoptimality analysis that are so much a part of linear programming studies have no simple counterparts in an integer programming context. In the case of Balas' Additive Algorithm, however, it would appear that the capacity of the technique to facilitate certain types of postoptimality analysis has not been fully exploited. This paper proposes an extension of the additive algorithm that utilizes insights generated while solving the original problem to do subsequent analysis upon it. In particular, procedures are developed for doing limited parameter ranging and for seeking new optima in light of parameter changes.     

Political influence on civil war mortality rates: The electoral college as a battlefield

This paper employs public choice analysis to explain certain kinds of military decision‐making during the Civil War. Specifically, the political costs and benefits which may have influenced policy with respect to casualty rates in the Union army are considered. A primary empirical finding is that electoral votes per capita are a strong explainer of casualties across Union states, all else equal.     

A linear programming approach to geometric programs

A cutting plane method, based on a geometric inequality, is described as a means of solving geometric programs. While the method is applied to the primal geometric program, it is shown to retain the geometric programming duality relationships. Several methods of generating the cutting planes are discussed and illustrated on some example problems.     

Computation techniques for large scale undiscounted markov decision processes

In this paper we consider computation techniques associated with the optimization of large scale Markov decision processes. Markov decision processes and the successive approximation procedure of White are described. Then a procedure for scaling continuous time and renewal processes so that they are amenable to the White procedure is discussed. The effect of the scale factor value on the convergence rate of the procedure and insights into proper scale factor selection are given.     

Queueing processes and trade-offs during ship-to-shore transfer of cargo

This article examines the ship-to-shore transfer of cargo from ships that are located offshore. In these situations, cargo is transferred from the ships to smaller craft, which in turn transport the cargo the remaining distance to shore. These craft cycle back and forth from the ship to the shore until the transfer is complete. Queueing of these craft often occurs, as they must wait at either the ship or the shore for a loading or unloading position to become free. Two different methods of modeling this ship-to-shore transfer of cargo are developed and applied. One is an analytic queueing model and the other is a more traditional simulation model. The analytic model is found to produce results quite similar to the simulation model. Examples are shown that use these models to analyze trade-offs between variables affecting the ship-to-shore transfer of cargo and the total time to transfer a given amount of cargo ashore. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Causal analysis of Australian economic growth and military expenditure: A note

Chowdhury (1991) applied Granger causality methods to military expenditure and economic growth series in 55 developing countries. This note applies a similar approach to Australia and finds no causal relationship between military expenditure and growth in either direction.