Assortment optimization with position effects under the nested logit model

We study the assortment optimization problem with position effects under the nested logit model, whose goal is to find the revenue-maximizing subset of products as well as their corresponding display positions. In this joint assortment-position optimization problem, the choices of products are affected by not only their qualities and prices but also the positions where they are displayed. Despite determining the assortment and their corresponding display positions sequentially, we propose to solve this problem in an integrated way to obtain the optimal solution. We formulate this problem as a nonlinear binary integer programming model and develop a dynamic programming based solution approach to obtain the optimal assortment-position assignments. We carry out extensive numerical experiments to evaluate the benefit of our integrated approach. The most important insight we discover is that it is not necessarily better to put the most attractive products in the best position. Moreover, we show that compared to the sequential approaches, our approach can improve revenue by 10.38% on average, which suggests that firms should take into consideration position effects when making assortment decisions. Finally, we discuss results related to two extensions of this problem, that is, the special case when positions are preassigned to nests, and the joint assortment-position-price optimization problem.     

基于OWL本体扩展的视频语义内容分析

随着可获得视频数据的快速增长,迫切需要有效的方法在语义层理解和管理视频数据。对OWL语言进行扩展,提出了V-OWL本体描述框架,支持视频内容蕴含的时空关系和不确定性关系的建模,使用基于贝叶斯网络的B-图描述模型,将V-OWL本体概念、关系映射为B-图中的节点、边,利用贝叶斯网络训练推理算法实现视频高层语义的自动推理发现。实验结果显示,V-OWL本体描述框架对复杂视频内容具有很好的描述能力,基于V-OWL的视频内容分析框架对视频高层语义探测具有较高的查准率和查全率。     

关于国家军用标准规范类编写的几个常见问题

规范是标准中最常见的类型，GJB6000—2001《标准编写规定》是我们编写标准掌握格式和编写原则的依据，但是在标准编写中却常常由于执笔人对GJB6000—2001的理解不深刻，出现一些不符合规范的编写要求，在实际中不利于操作的问题。本文作者在长期的标准编写和编写管理的工作中发现了这些问题，并提出了自己的意见和建议。     

武器射程的一种新估算方法

对文献上出现的两个不同射程因子定义进行甄别并提出推荐性意见;研究如何通过口径和弹丸离膛初速计算有效射程,提出一种改进的有效射程估算方法。并根据射程因子定义和改进后的估算方法对各种武器估算射程,结果表明其能广泛应用于步兵各型武器的有效射程计算,精度有显著改进,特别应用在直瞄射击武器(如坦克等)中,计算结果将明显优于直接的套用间瞄武器计算公式所得结果。     

面向片上网络的多播吞吐率和能量模型

片上网络逐渐成为片上众核中非常有前景的互连方式.基于目录的cache一致性协议的维护需要片上互连网络高效的支持多播.在借鉴单播的网络吞吐率模型基础上,建立了面向多播的网络吞吐率模型和体系结构级的能量模型.相对于传统的多播路由算法,负载平衡维序路由算法(BDoR)和最小路径维序路由算法(MPDoR)通过平衡X和Y两个方向...     

机动管线水底穿越稳管方法探讨

机动管线水底穿越江河,裸管铺设在河床上,由于水流的作用,通常需要施加压载才能保持稳定.针对机动管线在水底的受力情况,研究管线受力的影响因素,探讨管线能够保持稳定的临界流速,并以DN150管线为例进行计算,得到管线需要施加压载稳管的临界流速;提出采用机动管线配备的管子和器材,以管线充水作为压载的稳管方法,并进行了理论分析...     

舰炮使用空炸榴弹对海射击误差分析

舰炮的对空防御是重点,供弹系统里多数情况下准备的是对空射击使用的炮弹.在此情况下如需紧急的对海上目标射击,势必会产生较大的误差.分析了舰炮在使用空炸榴弹对海射击时火控系统的解算误差和射击校正中的原理误差,为进一步提高舰炮的射击精度提供参考.     

【专题】从系统工程视角看无人机自主控制系统

提升无人机的自主控制能力可有效提高无人机在复杂对抗环境下的作战性能。系统工程是指导复杂系统研制的有效手段,采用系统的思维方法,关注系统的整体效能优化实现。系统工程覆盖复杂工程型号生命周期的全流程活动,包括概念论证、工程开发、生产制造、使用服役、综合保障以及系统退出等过程,能够为系统开发中各工程技术的应用,跨专业工程合作以及项目管理建立切实的技术路径。无人机外部应用背景环境与内部体系结构相互交联,是一个典型的“系统之系统”（System of Systems）。无人机自主控制系统是跨域、跨平台的复杂“系统之系统”。本文从系统复杂性出发,介绍了无人机系统组成、自主控制系统以及无人机自主能力等级,以期为无人机自主控制技术的发展提供参考和借鉴。     

Simulation of the plasticizing behavior of composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellant in grooved calendar based on adaptive grid technology

The frequent occurrence of safety accidents during the calendering process is caused by the flammable and explosive properties of composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellant. Optimization of process parameters with the aid of fluid simulation technology could effectively ensure the safety of the calendering process. To improve the accuracy of the simulation results, material parameters and model structure were corrected based on actual conditions, and adaptive grid technology was applied in the local mesh refinement. In addition, the rheological behavior, motion trajectories and heat transfer mechanisms of CMDB propellant slurry were studied with different gaps, rotational rates and temperatures of two rollers. The results indicated that the refined mesh could significantly improve the contour clarity of boundaries and simulate the characteristics of CMDB propellant slurry reflux movement caused by the convergent flow near the outlet. Compared with the gap, the increased rotational rate of roller could promote the reflux movement and intensify the shear flow of slurry inside the flow region by viscous shear dragging. Meanwhile, under the synergistic effect of contact heat transfer as well as convective heat exchange, heat accumulated near the outlet and diffused along the reflux movement, which led to the countercurrent heat dissipation behavior of CMDB propellant slurry. The plasticizing mechanism of slurry and the safety of calendering under different conditions were explored, which provided theoretical guidance and reference data for the optimization of calendering process conditions. Based on the simulation results, the safety of the CMDB propellant calendering process could be significantly improved with a few tests conducted during a short research and development cycle.     

Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.