Why nations fail: defense spending,fighting commitment and,inter-nations-prosperity-poverty-gap

Both the increasing defense spending and the widening divergence between rich and poor countries are of great concerns. This paper attempts to explain the two concepts in a unify theory framework. In the view of conflict economics, a nation’s defense spending can be seen as the fighting commitment of distributive effort in the global economy while other is the productive effort. The development of global economy needs the productive efforts from almost every nation, and the distribution of the aggregate output is determined in large degree by the fighting commitment of each nation. The numerical simulation of the model gives a reasonable explanation of the patterns of the divergence/convergence of prosperity-poverty gap between nations, the fact which is evidenced by many empirical analyses. (1) Given the initial wealth ratio between nations fixed, there is a critical value of fighting decisiveness, when the actual value is larger than the critical value, it is more likely to result in Matthew effect; otherwise the gap would gradually be shortened. (2) Given the fighting decisiveness fixed, there is a critical value of initial wealth ratio, when the actual value is larger than the critical value, it is more likely to result in Matthew effect; otherwise, the gap would gradually be shortened. The study gives a new perspective to explain and handle the increasingly defense spending and the prosperity-poverty gap between nations.     

研究生课表的计算机自动编排

针对研究生课程安排特点,提出并建立了一个研究生课程的计算机排课系统,同时讨论了此系统的数据结构和具体实现环境.通过建立排课的约束条件和排课相容判断准则,进一步阐述了研究生课表编排的计算机具体实现原则及其方法.     

考虑自导作用距离随舷角变化时主动声自导鱼雷射击的最优提前角

本文根据主动自导作用距离随舷角变化规律,推导了考虑到自导作用距离随舷角变化时求解最优提前角的迭代公式系,最后提出了蛇行搜索鱼雷射击的最优提前角求解方法,并给出了有关结论。     

再探运动目标航迹的灰色预测

本文根据笔者在[1]中所提出的航迹灰色预测中的两个问题:机动目标的跨象限运动及GM(1,1)预测模型对噪声的抑制能力进行若干计算研究。     

推广的卡尔曼滤波用于对运动辐射源的测时差被动定位

本文讨论了以测时差法从地面对空中匀速运动辐射源进行无源定位与跟踪的问题,并运用推广的卡尔曼滤波算法进行数据处理以提高定位与跟踪的精度,研究了滤波器初始条件的确定方法及对滤波器的敛散性进行自动监测的方法,还介绍了用计算机对系统进行模拟的过程,并对部分模拟结果进行了初步的分析。分析与模拟的结果表明,推广的卡尔曼滤波方法应用于测时差无源跟踪系统是行之有效的。     

流编程模型下的存储一致性模型

在流编程模型下建立了一个新的存储一致性模型--流一致性模型,它比传统的释放一致性模型更加松弛.讨论了流一致性模型对程序设计和系统设计的要求,给出了一个正确的系统实现,并且指出流一致性模型的编程和实现并不比现有的一致性模型复杂.     

Defense Expenditure and Income Inequality: Evidence on Co-integration and Causality for China

There are conflicting views as to the relationship between a nation’s defense expenditure (DE) and its population’s income inequality (INEQ). DE, always an important part of government budget, can easily crowd out transfer payments, necessary to improve INEQ; however, these payments may also create a demand that may raise the income levels of the lower income earners. Consequently, the relationship between DE and INEQ is an important question. This paper examines the relationship between DE and INEQ in China for the period of 1989–2012. Utilizing basic cointegration and causality tests, our objective is to add to the literature by providing evidence that China’s DE, in fact, do have an impact on INEQ.     

新疆兵团地区小学科学课教师队伍建设及授课现状的调查分析——以石河子市为例

义务教育阶段新课程体系全面进入试验阶段,新课程理念对小学科学教与学提出了更高的要求。为了更好的了解小学科学课的实施现状,本研究以新疆石河子市为例,采用问卷调查、访谈和课堂观察等方法对对石河子市小学科学教师的师资队伍现状进行了调查。调查结果显示：石河子市小学科学师资匮乏;小学科学教师的专业背景较差;青年教师居多;授课能力较低;科学教师参加教研培训活动的次数少,质量低;学校对该课程重视度不高。针对这一现状提出了相应的改革建议。     

贝叶斯推理模型Index-GMVAE在随机数据缺失填补中的应用

变分自编码器(VAE)推理随机缺失数据还原是近年来一种新兴的数据填补方法,但传统的VAE算法存在后验分布单一,变分推断证据下界收敛慢等问题.因此,提出了一种采用高斯混合后验分布和缺失数据位置掩码推理缺失数据还原的新的贝叶斯推理网络框架——Index-GMVAE.在Mnist手写数字数据集和Adult数据集上分别做了实验...     

一种时域标量场平面波算法的改进方法

基于现有时域平面波(PWTD)算法,提出了一种对时域标量场平面波算法的改进方法。此方法将现有算法中的插值计算改为制表查询,并给出了其最大误差。另外,还将现有算法中转移算子中对时间求导提到算法最外层,将原先所需的(K 1)(2K 1)次FFT和IFFT计算减少为一次FFT和IFFT计算。最后算例证明当算法选取适当参数值时,可获得需要的计算精度,并验证了改进算法所需计算时间远少于现有算法。