An asymptotically optimal inspection policy

An inspection model in life testing situations is discussed. The system under study is assumed to consist on n independent components all of which fail independently in an exponential fashion. Failures can be discovered only through inspection. The experimenter is assumed to lack the knowledge of the parameter of the exponential distribution. A stochastic sequential inspection policy is suggested which uses the data collected through experimentation to estimate the unknown parameter. It is shown that this policy is asymptotically optimal. Some numerical demonstrations are included.     

【专题】复杂陆战场环境下的智能感知理论现状与发展

近年来,由于基于深度学习方法的智能检测算法不断演进,其网络结构不断进化,实用化程度不断提高,因此,将其应用于复杂战场环境下,形成实用化智能感知能力的可行性不断提高。然而算法的可靠性、可解释性问题目前仍未完全解决。本文认为,在未来的地面无人平台系统框架内,使用基于深度学习的目标检测识别方法,融合多种传感器感知信号,探索如何可靠地收集无人平台附近敌我车辆、人员、相关物体状况以及视距内的地理与气象环境信息,能够实现多元智能感知过程,构建智能复杂体系,为无人平台实现复杂战场环境感知理解,自主环境判定、自主行走、自主危险判定甚至威胁自动处置提供技术储备。同时,这也将是军队下一步智能感知理论方向的主要任务。     

防空作战风险决策分析

防空作战决策活动具有极强的风险性。以决策者面对风险的态度为突破点,通过建立效用曲线并在最大效用原则下对有关决策问题进行优化,在一定程度上可大大降低决策方案的风险性。同时对于防空体系设计也具有一定的参考价值。     

流动注射分析法测定成烟产物中的Zn^2＋

采用流动注射分析技术建立了Zn^2＋的FIA分析方法．谊分析方法可行、简便。其数据可靠,具有较好的选择性和重现性．样品测定频率大于30个／h;在1．0～5．0mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,γ=0．9999;回收率大于98%．实现了烟幕剂成烟产物中Zn^2＋的快速定量测定．     

频率估计的多段异频等长信号相位积累算法

为提高信号频率估计精度和扩展已有方法的适用范围,提出一种基于相位积累的多段异频等长信号的频率估计算法。首先生成异频分析参数矩阵,克服分段信号频率不等问题;其次设计相位差补偿因子,克服分段信号相位不连续问题;最后搜索相位累积频谱最大值,获得信号频率估计值。为验证算法的正确性,给出了相应的数学推导证明。仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的频率估计精度,频率估计误差约为现有方法的1/2,较为接近克拉美罗下限。     

从功能视角看英语动词词组在句法中的不连续现象

传统语法、悉尼语法和加的夫语法从不同角度对短语动词的不连续现象进行描述和解释。在功能语言学的框架内,提出"动词词组"这一概念。动词词组由主要动词和主要动词延长成分构成,后者又由副词、介词或副词加介词填充。动词词组不连续不同于其他词组中的不连续,主要归因于三个方面:语义重心的后置、信息单位的分布和语域因素的影响。     

切伦科夫辐射的强流电子束均匀性光学诊断

透明介质中带电粒子的运动速度大于介质中的光速时就会产生切伦科夫辐射光。搭建了基于切伦科夫辐射光的强流电子束均匀性诊断系统,实现了时间和空间分辨的纳秒级电子束均匀性光学诊断。利用程序对诊断系统进行设计。在此基础上对两种天鹅绒阴极发射均匀性进行光学诊断测量。结果表明:在相同电参数下,碳纤维天鹅绒较化纤天鹅绒具有更好的发射性能,与之对应的切伦科夫辐射光斑面积更大,其亮度扫描曲线不但中心增强区域较化纤天鹅绒宽,在其边缘附近也有较强的亮度分布;通过分析切伦科夫辐射光斑的分布和强弱的时间分辨图像,可以得到阴极在电脉冲过程中的运行状态,具有10ns~100ns级时间分辨特性。     

外大气层动能拦截器仿真平台设计和实现

针对外大气层固体或液体动能拦截器,使用VC++6.0开发了仿真平台。仿真模型的参数可以通过文件形式保存和读取。仿真平台能够动态演示飞行弹道和飞行参数;能够对拦截结果进行脱靶量评估、初始条件评估、轨道修正能力评估和能量消耗评估;能够进行3种综合测试;能够对关键设计参数进行寻优计算;能够封装为动能拦截器仿真模块与运载器仿真模块整合。介绍了平台的设计、实现、关键技术和应用情况。     

Strategic Defense And Attack For Series And Parallel Reliability Systems: Rejoinder

In our original comment, we showed that Hausken's characterization of Nash equilibrium is invalid for much of the parameter space examined and provided necessary conditions for his solution to hold. Most of the comments in his reply are either tangential or irrelevant. However, several of the claims made in the reply reveal continuing misunderstandings and gaps in his understanding. In this rejoinder, we briefly clarify the fundamental issues.     

From stopping to preventing atrocities

The Constitutive Act of the African Union (AU) provides for the right of the continental body to intervene in the face of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. According to its formulation, Article 4(h) intervention entails military force, which is triggered when a target state fails to discharge its duty to protect its population from mass atrocities. Although Article 4(h) is an ambitious statutory commitment to intervene in a member state by the AU, the Libyan crisis in 2011 showed the ambivalence of the continental institution to act in a decisive and timely manner. The AU's failure to invoke Article 4(h) exposed the need for building the capacity and political will to intervene and to interpret Article 4(h). Therefore, the primary focus of this article is on how Article 4(h) should be interpreted. Flowing from the Pretoria Principles, which seek to provide clarity on the implementation of the AU's right of intervention, Article 4(h) should be viewed as a duty rather than a right to prevent or stop mass atrocities. The duty dimension of Article 4(h) derives from the international instruments that AU member states have ratified to prevent mass atrocities. Rather than being a paper tiger, Article 4(h) should be used in a proactive and timely manner as a military option available to the AU to persuade member states to prevent or halt atrocities. As a last resort, military force pursuant to Article 4(h) should aim at protecting the population at risk and pursuing the perpetrators in order to avoid contravening Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations (UN). Although military intervention can save lives in the short term, it cannot necessarily address the underlying, structural causes of atrocities, such as ethnic rivalries, economic inequalities and scramble for natural resources, among others. Therefore, the prevention of mass atrocities should not be equated with, or be seen through the prism of, Article 4(h) intervention alone. The focus should instead be on the entire spectrum of preventive strategies at the disposal of the AU in the face of mass atrocities, including the African human rights system and the African Peer Review Mechanism.