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121.
We consider a finite horizon periodic review, single product inventory system with a fixed setup cost and two stochastic demand classes that differ in their backordering costs. In each period, one must decide whether and how much to order, and how much demand of the lower class should be satisfied. We show that the optimal ordering policy can be characterized as a state dependent (s,S) policy, and the rationing structure is partially obtained based on the subconvexity of the cost function. We then propose a simple heuristic rationing policy, which is easy to implement and close to optimal for intensive numerical examples. We further study the case when the first demand class is deterministic and must be satisfied immediately. We show the optimality of the state dependent (s,S) ordering policy, and obtain additional rationing structural properties. Based on these properties, the optimal ordering and rationing policy for any state can be generated by finding the optimal policy of only a finite set of states, and for each state in this set, the optimal policy is obtained simply by choosing a policy from at most two alternatives. An efficient algorithm is then proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010 相似文献
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地基刚度变化对车辆动力特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据两自由度车辆振动模型和道路多层离散体系模型,建立了车辆-道路垂向耦合动力分析模型,推导出了车辆-道路系统的动力平衡方程组,并对动力平衡方程组进行了编程求解,分析了地基刚度变化对车辆动荷载和车身加速度的影响.分析表明:地基刚度变化对车身加速度影响不大,在地基刚度达到某一临界值后一定的范围内,地基刚度的变化对动荷系数影响也不再显著,否则,要对地基进行处理. 相似文献
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在武器装备采办中对竞争与单一来源的选择应分析竞争的可行性与合意性。引入竞争必须要满足一些基本的必要条件,只有这样才会使竞争具有可行性。引入竞争还要分析竞争的合意性,即竞争是否值得,而这种合意与否的判断是建立在竞争的成本一收益分析基础之上的。只有同时满足“竞争可行”与“竞争合意”两个条件,武器装备采办才适宜引入竞争,否则应保持单一来源。 相似文献
126.
路径诱导在现代交通和部队机动过程中具有重要应用,传统路径诱导算法(如Dijkstra算法)具有很高的计算复杂度和搜索空间,所规划路径仅仅是数学意义上的最短路径,很难满足实际道路交通导航诱导要求.为了降低路径诱导算法的搜索空间,同时使得规划的结果更能体现驾驶人员行车偏好,提出一种基于道路网络分层的快速路径诱导算法,在利用道路网络中道路的不同等级特性对路网进行分层处理基础上,通过限制算法搜索区域达到快速路径规划的目的.实验结果表明,该算法解算出导航路径中大部分是由快速路段组成,能很好地满足驾驶人员的选路偏好,路径搜索时间和搜索空间也大大减少. 相似文献
127.
In many practical manufacturing environments, jobs to be processed can be divided into different families such that a setup is required whenever there is a switch from processing a job of one family to another job of a different family. The time for setup could be sequence independent or sequence dependent. We consider two particular scheduling problems relevant to such situations. In both problems, we are given a set of jobs to be processed on a set of identical parallel machines. The objective of the first problem is to minimize total weighted completion time of jobs, and that of the second problem is to minimize weighted number of tardy jobs. We propose column generation based branch and bound exact solution algorithms for the problems. Computational experiments show that the algorithms are capable of solving both problems of medium size to optimality within reasonable computational time. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 823–840, 2003. 相似文献
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129.
In this article, the Building Evacuation Problem with Shared Information (BEPSI) is formulated as a mixed integer linear program, where the objective is to determine the set of routes along which to send evacuees (supply) from multiple locations throughout a building (sources) to the exits (sinks) such that the total time until all evacuees reach the exits is minimized. The formulation explicitly incorporates the constraints of shared information in providing online instructions to evacuees, ensuring that evacuees departing from an intermediate or source location at a mutual point in time receive common instructions. Arc travel time and capacity, as well as supply at the nodes, are permitted to vary with time and capacity is assumed to be recaptured over time. The BEPSI is shown to be NP‐hard. An exact technique based on Benders decomposition is proposed for its solution. Computational results from numerical experiments on a real‐world network representing a four‐story building are given. Results of experiments employing Benders cuts generated in solving a given problem instance as initial cuts in addressing an updated problem instance are also provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008 相似文献
130.
都市圈石漠化区域采石场的生态恢复方法与措施探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
都市圈石漠化区域采石场往往由于过度开发且未采取有效的恢复措施,致使生态环境破坏严重,严重影响了都市圈的生态环境和经济发展.在分析都市圈石漠化区域采石场生态恢复特点的基础上,论述了其生态恢复的基本方法及工程技术措施,指出都市圈石漠化区域采石场生态恢复应依据都市圈发展总体规划和景观生态学、景观建筑学及美学原理,采用开发性治理方法,综合运用多种工程技术措施恢复植被、整治水土流失并进行景观再造,从而满足都市圈对于景观的要求,提高土地利用价值,促进都市圈社会经济发展和城市生态环境建设. 相似文献