基于抗差Kalman滤波的航空发动机测试数据预处理技术

针对使用标准Kalman滤波算法不能准确处理包含粗差的航空发动机测试数据的问题,在分析标准Kalman滤波算法准则和观测误差对滤波估计结果影响的基础上,采用动态调整观测信息在滤波估计结果中权重的方法,给出了基于抗差M估计理论的抗差Kalman滤波准则和递推公式。对不同的发动机测试数据分别采取序列滤波的方法,减少了运算量。基于常加速度模型,建立了测量参数的状态空间方程和测量方程。以包含粗差的某型涡扇发动机稳定工作过程的模拟测量数据为例,采用所设计的抗差Kalman滤波器对其进行预处理,与标准Kalman滤波算法处理的结果对比表明,在模型误差一定的情况下,抗差Kalman滤波算法具有更好的估计精度。     

Approximation results for min‐max path cover problems in vehicle routing

This article studies a min‐max path cover problem, which is to determine a set of paths for k capacitated vehicles to service all the customers in a given weighted graph so that the largest path cost is minimized. The problem has wide applications in vehicle routing, especially when the minimization of the latest service completion time is a critical performance measure. We have analyzed four typical variants of this problem, where the vehicles have either unlimited or limited capacities, and they start from either a given depot or any depot of a given depot set. We have developed approximation algorithms for these four variants, which achieve approximation ratios of max{3 ‐ 2/k,2}, 5, max{5 ‐ 2/k,4}, and 7, respectively. We have also analyzed the approximation hardness of these variants by showing that, unless P = NP , it is impossible for them to achieve approximation ratios less than 4/3, 3/2, 3/2, and 2, respectively. We have further extended the techniques and results developed for this problem to other min‐max vehicle routing problems.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

基于FRFT的FMCW SAR成像

调频连续波合成孔径雷达(FMCW SAR)结合调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术,具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点,是新近提出来的一种成像雷达体制。由于FMCW SAR的差频信号在方位向可以转化为调频信号,据此提出了一种基于分数阶傅立叶变换(FRFT)的FMCW SAR成像算法。仿真结果表明,该算法与RD算法相比较,方位向主瓣压缩和旁瓣抑制效果非常明显。     

基于脉冲星观测的导航星座自主导航数据融合方法

为解决完全依赖基于星间观测的导航星座长期自主导航的基准秩亏问题,提出基于脉冲星和星间链路的组合导航方法。给出了该方法的基本原理。为合理分散计算,采用简化和改进后的广义联邦滤波算法来对两种观测数据进行融合。仿真试验对该方法的合理性和可行性进行了验证。     

机载雷达电子对抗系统的仿真

从最近几场局部战争中可以看到,机载雷达对抗作为关键作战手段贯穿于战争的全过程,影响着战争的进程和结局。机载雷达对抗不仅仅只是作战的保障手段,它已经成为直接的军事打击力量。因此,对机载雷达电子对抗的研究,有利于取得战争的主动权。通过对雷达性能判据的推导和更新,箔条干扰模型的建立,进一步证明了在箔条干扰下,雷达探测性能明显降低。还通过对机载雷达电子对抗模拟仿真系统的研究,真实地模拟了机载雷达电子对抗作战平台,为培养电子对抗人才提供了很好的辅助工具。     

军工企业安全标准体系建立初探

建立企业安全生产标准体系，是推动企业建立具有军工特色规范化和标准化的现代企业安全生产管理体系的有效途径。本文分析了军工企业安全生产标准体系建立必要性、原则和要求，阐述了体系结构层次及其建立方法，提出了正确处理与企业安全管理体系衔接和建立动态管理机制等要求。     

一种基于不变特征的视频拼接方法

视频拼接是空中监视的一个关键部分,它有助于人们从全局的角度理解监控场景.视频拼接包括图像的配准和融合两部分.提出了一种基于不变特征的视频拼接方法,它通过相邻两帧的拼接来实现全景图的拼接.该算法配准部分首先采用梯度方向直方图确定相邻两帧的旋转角度;其次检测两幅图像的角点,特征描述采用SIFT,并结合旋转角度对特征点进行粗匹配;然后对粗匹配的结果采用RANSAc算法剔除错误匹配点.融合部分采用灰度加权的方法.实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地进行视频拼接,甚至存在运动目标的干扰下也能够完成拼接,具有鲁棒性好和速度较快的特点.     

Optimal outbound dispatch policies: Modeling inventory and cargo capacity

In this paper, we present an optimization model for coordinating inventory and transportation decisions at an outbound distribution warehouse that serves a group of customers located in a given market area. For the practical problems which motivated this paper, the warehouse is operated by a third party logistics provider. However, the models developed here may be applicable in a more general context where outbound distribution is managed by another supply chain member, e.g., a manufacturer. We consider the case where the aggregate demand of the market area is constant and known per period (e.g., per day). Under an immediate delivery policy, an outbound shipment is released each time a demand is realized (e.g., on a daily basis). On the other hand, if these shipments are consolidated over time, then larger (hence more economical) outbound freight quantities can be dispatched. In this case, the physical inventory requirements at the third party warehouse (TPW) are determined by the consolidated freight quantities. Thus, stock replenishment and outbound shipment release policies should be coordinated. By optimizing inventory and freight consolidation decisions simultaneously, we compute the parameters of an integrated inventory/outbound transportation policy. These parameters determine: (i) how often to dispatch a truck so that transportation scale economies are realized and timely delivery requirements are met, and (ii) how often, and in what quantities, the stock should be replenished at the TPW. We prove that the optimal shipment release timing policy is nonstationary, and we present algorithms for computing the policy parameters for both the uncapacitated and finite cargo capacity problems. The model presented in this study is considerably different from the existing inventory/transportation models in the literature. The classical inventory literature assumes that demands should be satisfied as they arrive so that outbound shipment costs are sunk costs, or else these costs are covered by the customer. Hence, the classical literature does not model outbound transportation costs. However, if a freight consolidation policy is in place then the outbound transportation costs can no longer be ignored in optimization. Relying on this observation, this paper models outbound transportation costs, freight consolidation decisions, and cargo capacity constraints explicitly. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 531–556, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10030     

武器装备采办竞争与单一来源选择研究

在武器装备采办中对竞争与单一来源的选择应分析竞争的可行性与合意性。引入竞争必须要满足一些基本的必要条件，只有这样才会使竞争具有可行性。引入竞争还要分析竞争的合意性，即竞争是否值得，而这种合意与否的判断是建立在竞争的成本一收益分析基础之上的。只有同时满足“竞争可行”与“竞争合意”两个条件，武器装备采办才适宜引入竞争，否则应保持单一来源。     

在轨加注过程中组合体航天器动力学建模与分析

针对在轨加注过程中质量分布随时间变化的组合体航天器,研究动力学建模问题并对其动态特性进行分析。将航天器系统分为刚性组合体平台和贮箱内燃料两部分,贮箱内的燃料视为质量、外形和位置连续变化的质量块,将航天器系统抽象为一组有固定边界的变质量质点系;在推导出变质量质点系一般力学方程的基础上,通过对航天器结构进行一定限制消除方程中的反冲力和失调力矩,以组合体平台主轴作为参考坐标系,建立在轨加注过程中组合体动力学模型;该模型除了参数时变的特点外,与普通刚体动力学相比还含有阻尼项;基于李雅普诺夫稳定判据,对该时变动力学系统的动态特性进行分析。仿真计算展现了不同结构参数对姿态运动轨迹的影响,也证明了理论分析的正确性。