Approximation algorithms for general one‐warehouse multi‐retailer systems

Logistical planning problems are complicated in practice because planners have to deal with the challenges of demand planning and supply replenishment, while taking into account the issues of (i) inventory perishability and storage charges, (ii) management of backlog and/or lost sales, and (iii) cost saving opportunities due to economies of scale in order replenishment and transportation. It is therefore not surprising that many logistical planning problems are computationally difficult, and finding a good solution to these problems necessitates the development of many ad hoc algorithmic procedures to address various features of the planning problems. In this article, we identify simple conditions and structural properties associated with these logistical planning problems in which the warehouse is managed as a cross‐docking facility. Despite the nonlinear cost structures in the problems, we show that a solution that is within ε‐optimality can be obtained by solving a related piece‐wise linear concave cost multi‐commodity network flow problem. An immediate consequence of this result is that certain classes of logistical planning problems can be approximated by a factor of (1 + ε) in polynomial time. This significantly improves upon the results found in literature for these classes of problems. We also show that the piece‐wise linear concave cost network flow problem can be approximated to within a logarithmic factor via a large scale linear programming relaxation. We use polymatroidal constraints to capture the piece‐wise concavity feature of the cost functions. This gives rise to a unified and generic LP‐based approach for a large class of complicated logistical planning problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

努力抓好机关的执行力建设

培养和提高机关干部的执行力,直接关系到党委和首长决策指示的贯彻落实.提高机关的执行力,想干事是前提,会干事是关键,能共事是保证,干成事是根本.     

作战系统MAS中的作战行动域与实际组元逻辑关系分析

建立作战系统多Agent系统(Multi-Agent System,MAS)组织,必须首先建立由作战系统实际组元到Agent的映射。围绕作战系统MAS的建立,在提出由作战系统实际组元到Agent的映射过程与方法的基础上,提出了作战系统领域概念视图、作战行动域及其各层次概念、实际组元逻辑关系分析的基本方法,为实现基于多Agent的作战系统建模与仿真奠定基础。在基于多Agent的信息化战场多传感器仿真演示系统中,证明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

浅谈智能化的单兵系统

单兵系统是现代战争中数字化战场上的关键因素,而智能化的单兵系统又是未来发展的趋势。本文首先阐述了人机智能结合的必要条件,并说明单兵系统中的人机交互作用,最后对人机交互智能化在单兵系统中的应用进行了探讨和研究。     

纳米硼酸镧的制备、表征及其在水介质中的摩擦学性能

采用化学沉淀法合成了硼酸镧纳米微粒,利用透射电镜、热分析仪、FT-IR光谱仪对其结构进行了表征,采用四球摩擦试验机考察了其在水介质中的摩擦学行为,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析了磨损表面形貌和主要元素的化学状态.结果表明,纳米硼酸镧作为水基润滑添加剂能显著提高水的抗磨减摩性能,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,在摩擦副表面生成了含La2O3,B2O3,FeO和Fe2O3的复合润滑膜,有效地提高了水的抗磨减摩性能.     

香港办公建筑中空调系统的节能分析

近年来,香港的能耗增长非常迅速,尤其是在商业和办公建筑中电力消费需求的增长更为迅猛.在香港,由于超过一半的电力是由商业和办公建筑所消费的,而空调系统是其最大的能耗终端,因此提高空调系统的能效是为了实现香港的可持续发展所采取的关键措施.利用能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对影响空调系统能耗的主要因素进行了分析,这些因素包括照明强度、空调房间温度、制冷机效率、风机效率及水泵效率等.根据模拟结果分析,发现在香港的办公建筑中空调系统具有巨大的节能潜力.     

Coping with shortages caused by disruptive events in automobile supply chains

Unpredictable disruptive events significantly increase the difficulty of the management of automobile supply chains. In this paper, we propose an automobile production planning problem with component chips substitution in a finite planning horizon. The shortage of one chip can be compensated by another chip of the same type with a higher-end feature at an additional cost. Therefore, the automobile manufacturer can divert the on-hand inventory of chips to product lines that are more profitable in the event of shortages caused by supply chain disruptions. To cope with this, we propose a max-min robust optimization model that captures the uncertain supplies of chips. We show that the robust model has a mixed-integer programming equivalence that can be solved by a commercial IP solver directly. We compare the max-min robust model with the corresponding deterministic and two-stage stochastic models for the same problem through extensive numerical experiments. The computational results show that the max-min robust model outperforms the other two models in terms of the average and worst-case profits.     

侵华日军暴行的铁证——日军战俘及投诚官兵控诉日军暴行档案揭秘

解放军档案馆馆藏档案中,珍藏着多件抗战期间被改造日军战俘和投诚日军官兵控诉侵华日军暴行的档案,从暴行直接参与者、见证人的视角,反思、忏悔和揭露侵华日军对中国军民所犯下的累累罪行,是研究侵华日军暴行极其重要的历史文献。70多年后的今天,公布和研究这些档案史料,对于世人了解日本侵华战争的血腥历史和日本军国主义的滔天罪行,驳斥日本右翼势力刻意篡改历史、美化侵略行径的恶毒言论,警示爱好和平的人们,具有十分重要的意义。     

基于分岔理论的数字液压缸稳定性分析与设计

为将分岔理论应用于数字液压缸稳定性分析与设计,对系统非线性模型进行了等价变换和光滑处理,同时为克服刚性问题影响,基于量纲分析理论通过选择合适的基本量将模型无因次化,并采用预测-校正延拓法确保分岔求解的精度和效率。在各自可行区间内,对重要参数和不确定参数进行了单参数分岔分析,结果表明:数字液压缸的初始设计具有一定的稳定裕度和鲁棒性,系统受不确定参数的影响较小;运用分岔理论,能够有效揭示各参数对系统动态稳定性的影响,为系统参数设计提供指导。     

多机头螺杆机组的优化运行控制

风冷式冷水机组的能效较低,为了提高机组性能,机组被设计成具有2个或多个制冷剂回路的多机头形式。对多机头风冷式冷水机组的运行控制进行了研究,探讨了其优化运行控制策略,利用TRNSYS软件建立了机组模型并进行了验证,最后利用典型的办公建筑来评估采用优化运行控制策略后机组的节能潜力。同常规控制策略相比,单纯优化运行制冷剂回路的控制策略能使机组年度能耗下降6.5%,同时优化运行制冷剂回路和压缩机的控制策略能使机组年度能耗下降7.9%,节能效果显著。