Natural resource degradation and conflict in the East African pastoral drylands

Based on a literature review, this article examines the dynamics in pastoral systems, natural resource conservation and conflict in the drylands of East Africa. It argues that, in the context of East Africa, pastoralism and biodiversity conservation in general are distinct forms of land use that are complementary rather than competitive. The present state of natural resource degradation in the drylands is explained in terms of factors related to ecological and demographic pressures, land use conflicts and inefficient land administration policies. When the customary pastoral institutions of land administration and resource management are threatened, the problem of degradation is further exacerbated and violent conflicts occur among multiple resource users, including pastoralists, farmers and the state. The article recommends the revitalisation, empowerment and recognition of pastoral institutions in a way that ensures effective synergy between the formal and customary structures of resource governance.     

VERIFIABILITY,RELIABILITY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY

The rejection of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) by the U.S. Senate in October 1999 could have been avoided, and the consequences of that vote still loom in the minds of supporters of the treaty. President Barack Obama has embraced the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons, and a key element of the Obama administration's arms control agenda is delivering on U.S. CTBT ratification. In order to secure the two-thirds majority in the Senate necessary to ratify the treaty, senators that remain skeptical of nuclear disarmament must also be convinced that the entry into force of the CTBT is in the national security interest of the United States. This article provides an analysis of the issues surrounding U.S. CTBT ratification divided into three segments—verifiability of the treaty, reliability of the U.S. stockpile, and the treaty's impact on U.S. national security—and concludes that CTBT ratification serves the security objectives of the United States. The CTBT constitutes an integral component of the multilateral nonproliferation architecture designed to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and it constrains the qualitative development of nuclear weapons, thereby hindering efforts by states of concern to develop advanced nuclear weapons.     

Wiener过程的金属化膜脉冲电容器步降应力退化建模

由于强激光装置中金属化膜脉冲电容器高可靠长寿命的特点,导致退化试验的时间长效率低,传统的退化试验统计分析方法复杂,对先验信息依赖性大,针对这些问题提出了基于Wiener过程的金属化膜脉冲电容器步降应力加速退化建模和参数估计的方法。首先,用Wiener过程刻画电容器的退化过程,然后结合随机过程的特性采用MCMC方法进行参数估计,大大简化了统计分析过程。最后通过对电容器的仿真实验,将步降应力下的评估结果与恒定应力、步进应力的情况相对比,说明了步降应力对改善退化试验的试验效率的有效性。     

CALCULATION OF BURNING RATE CHARACTERISTICS IN ACCELERATED FIELD FOR SOME ALUMINIZED SOLID PROPELLANTS

ＣＡＬＣＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＵＲＮＩＮＧＲＡＴＥＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＩＮＡＣＣＥＬＥＲＡＴＥＤＦＩＥＬＤＦＯＲＳＯＭＥＡＬＵＭＩＮＩＺＥＤＳＯＬＩＤＰＲＯＰＥＬＬＡＮＴＳＣａｏＴａｉｙｕｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅＴｅｃｈ...     

用发生概率进行假设检验的方法

提出了通过求发生概率来进行各种假设检验及显著性检验的观点,并给出了相应的计算公式和计算方法．与现行的方法相比,所提出的方法具有结论更加明确及便于计算机实现的优点     

C~3I系统关键技术应用研究

针对系统实用C~3I 需求,重点对分布式数据库、计算机操作系统、网络协议一致性测试、军事专家系统、电磁兼容等关键技术进行了实用研究。文章可对C~3I 系统设计提供参考。     

面向对象软件测试

探讨面向对象软件的测试过程和方法,主要研究了类的测试和集成测试。     

仿真环境下嵌入式软件测试技术研究与应用

嵌入式软件的开发运行是针对特定的环境条件,作为第3方的测试,在有些运行平台和条件无法保障下,要测试嵌入式软件是非常困难的.主要论述在普通PC机上怎样实现对嵌入式软件测试的方法和步骤.     

面向故障的软件测试方法研究

提出了一种面向故障的软件测试方法,用以检测C程序中坏的存储分配、存储泄漏、空指针引用、数组越界和未初始化变量等5类故障.该方法在词法分析和语法分析的基础上,利用检查点查找算法查找可疑点,通过适当的人工确认,能够有效找出软件中的故障.     

非英语专业口语教学现状及对策的实证研究

传统的大学非英语专业口语教学对师生在教学活动中的角色定位不够准确,学生在学习过程中缺乏信心,教学效果不够理想。本文通过对大学非英语专业口语教学的特点进行研究,发现不利于学生开口说英语的种种因素,提出了教学改进的思路和措施,并运用SPSS进行测试分析,验证了此方案的可行性。