冰河事故救援处置对策研究

针对目前冰河事故救援存在的问题,通过对冰河事故救援的危险性及难点作简要介绍,提出了针对性的处置程序和措施,并根据实际处置过程中出现的问题总结出注意事项。通过对冰河事故采取针对性的处置措施,可以提高冰河救援的成功率和安全性,为消防部队的实际救援工作提供参考。     

高速铁路交通事故处置对策思考

随着高铁技术的日益成熟和广泛运用,高铁将成为城际之间交通运输的主要途径。随着大规模的高速铁路建成运营,铁路机车车辆发生冲突、脱轨、火灾、爆炸等交通事故随时可能发生。如何科学、快速处置高速铁路交通事故,已成为消防部队面临的重要课题。结合嘉兴高速铁路建设的情况,分析了高速铁路交通事故发生的原因、特点,及高速铁路交通事故应急救援的不利因素,提出了相应处置对策。     

子母弹子弹引信爆炸物处理安全性研究

子母弹药的应用与发展带来了严重的未爆弹药问题。初步建立了评定未爆弹药危险性的数学模型,并从该模型出发,详细探讨了子弹引信爆炸物处理安全性的设计途径,以尽可能消除未爆弹药隐患。     

线控灭雷具在流中接近目标的最佳路线及总体设计方案的选择

多数设计者倾向于将动力源置于线控灭雷具上的方案,以减小控制电缆在水中的阻力,提高灭雷具在流中工作能力。由于能源有限,灭雷具每次下潜的工作时间将受到限制。如何在有限的时间内提高灭雷具完成任务的能力,是摆在我们面前的重要课题。本文所要研究的仅是其中之一,即寻求灭雷具接近目标的最佳路线以求所消耗的时间最短,能耗最小,并从这点出发提出对总体设计方案的要求。     

Dynamic impact protective body armour: A comprehensive appraisal on panel engineering design and its prospective materials

Personal body armour is one of the most important pieces of equipment to protect human beings from various critical and fatal injuries. In today’s modern world, various organizations including law enforcement and security service have made it mandatory for their personnel to wear personal protection system while on field duty. However, the systems should comprise an improved ballistic performance, light-weighted, flexible as well as comfortable panel not only to be accepted with a wider range but also for effective performances of the consumer. Generally, the overall performances of the protective body armour could be affected by various parameters including armour design techniques, type of materials used and finishing of the panels. The current paper aims to critically review state-of-art for armour panel design techniques and the different perspective body armour materials. The paper starts by discussing the different body armour and its category. Later, the different states of technology for armour panel design (mostly for women), its problems and the possible solutions will be cited. Later, the commonly used different polymeric fibrous and the future possible advanced materials including carbon nanotube (CNT), Graphene CNT and shear thickening fluids (STFs) treated materials for developing the reinforced body armour panel will be discussed. The authors believe that this paper will enlighten useful guidelines and procedures about the different panel design techniques and current and promising future materials for researchers, designers, engineers and manufacturers working on the impact resistance body armour field.     

Bionic stab-resistant body armor based on triangular pyramid structure

A stab-resistant substrate was designed and realized with a triangular pyramidal structure, inspired by the biological armor model in nature. The stab-resistance behavior and dynamic response mechanisms were studied through numerical simulation and experimental testing of a knife impacting a substrate, and an optimal structural design was obtained accordingly, with a tilted angle of 22.5° and optimal thickness of 1.2 mm. It was shown that the triangular pyramidal structure generated twice the internal energy of the knife than the flat substrate due to the dispersing effect of the structure. The force parallel to the inclination caused a significant scratch on the substrate surface, while the force perpendicular caused obvious substrate deformation. A new riveting method was used to form the total layer, which passed the GA 68—2008 standard. The stab-resistant clothing coupled with the reduced wearing burden could provide effective protection and avoid fatal injuries on security personnel working in dangerous environments. The method provided may enlighten the future design and manufacturing of stab-resistant clothing.     

部队国有资产管理问题与对策研究

近年来，随着国家和地方政府对部队经费投入的不断增长，部队国有资产在数量、质量以及结构上都有了很大的改善。如何建立健全部队国有资产的管理制度，保证部队国有资产的安全完整和有效使用，防止国有资产流失，是当前部队资产管理和使用人员必须思考的现实问题。     

基于压电薄膜传感器的穿戴式健康监测体域网系统

为实现脉搏、呼吸、血压等重要生理信号的连续运动监测,研制了一种基于压电薄膜传感器的穿戴式健康监测体域网系统。体域网系统利用放置于弹性织物(腰带、腕带)内部的压电薄膜传感器获取人体脉搏波、呼吸波等生理信号。根据压电薄膜传感器监测到的呼吸信号的几何特征提出一种状态识别算法,可区分站立、走、跑、坐、躺、睡眠等状态。利用脉搏波传导时间与血压的关系计算佩戴者的收缩压和舒张压,实现无压迫血压监测。系统通过蓝牙实现体域网节点的互通信,利用穿戴显示设备和移动终端实现数据显示,实现了脉搏、呼吸、血压的连续运动监测。     

Experimental study of transient pressure wave in the behind armor blunt trauma induced by different rifle bullets

Pressure wave plays an important role in the occurrence of behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), and ballistic gelatin is widely used as a surrogate of biological tissue in the research of BABT. Comparison of pressure wave in the gelatin behind armor for different rifle bullets is lacking. The aim of this study was to observe dynamic changes in pressure wave induced by ballistic blunt impact on the armored gelatin block and to compare the effects of bullet type on the parameters of the transient pressure wave. The gelatin blocks protected with National Institute of Justice (NIJ) class III bulletproof armor were shot by three types of rifle bullet with the same level of impact energy. The transient pressure signals at five locations were recorded with pressure sensors and three parameters (maximum pressure, maximum pressure impulse, and the duration of the first positive phase) were determined and discussed. The results indicated that the waveform and the twin peak of transient pressure wave were not related to the bullet type. However, the values of pressure wave’s parameters were significantly affected by bullet type. Additionally, the attenuation of pressure amplitude followed the similar law for the three ammunitions. These findings may be helpful to get some insight in the BABT and improve the structure design of bullet.     

A comparison of the ballistic behaviour of conventionally sintered and additively manufactured alumina

Production of ceramic armour solutions on-demand/in-theatre would have significant logistical and military advantages. However, even assuming that such technologies could be successfully deployed in the field, such near net-shape manufacturing technology is relatively immature compared to conventional sintering of ceramics. In this study, the ballistic performance of a series of additively manufactured (AM)/rapidly-prototyped (RP) alumina tiles of 97.2% of the density of Sintox FA™ were investigated using both forward- and reverse-ballistic experiments. These experiments, undertaken with compressed gas-guns, employed the depth-of-penetration technique and flash X-ray as primary diagnostics to interrogate both efficiency of penetration and projectile-target interaction, respectively. The RP alumina was found to exhibit useful ballistic properties, successfully defeating steel-cored (AP) 7.62 × 39 mm BXN rounds at velocities of up-to c.a. 850 m/s, while exhibiting comparable failure modes to conventionally sintered armour-grade Sintox FA™. However, where a <1% by vol. Cu dopant was introduced into the RP material failure modes changed dramatically with performance dropping below that of conventionally sintered alumina. Overall, the results from both sets of experiments were complimentary and clearly indicated the potential of such RP materials to play an active role in provision of real-world body armour solutions provided quality control of the RP material can be maintained.