论公安现役部队机关管理效能的发挥

当前公安现役部队机关在管理方面还不同程度地存在着不到位及越位问题,分析问题产生的原因,提出充分发挥机关管理效能应采取的对策,对机关服务和保障基层建设具有重要意义。     

一种非对称鲁棒性盲水印算法

针对数字图像版权保护,提出一种非对称鲁棒性盲数字水印方法。通过将水印嵌入到最少受图像改变影响的子空间,使嵌入水印具有鲁棒性,且通过对特征子空间的选取限制,使算法具有较高的检测概率和安全性以及较低的虚警概率。同时,水印嵌入矩阵与提取矩阵不同,它可公开除密钥外的所有其它的信息,而且能实现水印盲提取。实验结果证明了该算法的鲁棒性。     

基于效用函数的随伴支援炮兵弹药选择模型

随着火炮武器系统的发展,火炮所配属的弹药类型越来越多,针对不同目标选择合适的弹药以达到最佳作战效能具有重要意义。首先,按照"最大化对敌火力效果、最小化附带损伤,最小化费用"的原则,分析了随伴支援炮兵弹药选择模型要考虑的决策指标,包括毁伤比、压制比、非敌伤亡率、安全距离、费用。建立了决策指标的效用函数,在此基础上建立了整体的决策指标,对决策指标的权重系数进行了分析探讨。最后用实例证明该方法是一种有效综合各类因素的弹药选择方法,能够很好地解决弹药选择问题。     

基于云模型和FAHP熵权的空地弹药效能评估

准确、科学地评估空地弹药的作战效能,对武器装备的设计、研制、试验、采购、作战使用及维护具有重要的意义。充分利用云模型可将定性指标的模糊性和随机性有效结合的特点,构建了空地弹药作战效能的综合云评估模型。针对现有确定指标权重的方法存在主观性较强的不足,提出一种基于模糊层次分析法(FAHP)熵权的权重确定方法,有效利用了主观信息和客观信息。实例分析表明该模型可准确、客观、有效地评估空地弹药的作战效能。     

Leadership and national security: an interrogation of the Boko Haram violence in Nigeria

This study contends that an analysis of the nexus between leadership and security offers useful insights into explaining conflict by stating that the conceptualisation of these argots, especially through the definition of leadership as a process, helps to explain and address Nigeria’s security challenges. By arguing that leaders’ ability to establish mutuality with their followers in any situation and set collectively-generated means for attaining these set goals for societal security, the study shows how such a relationship creates a secured state. This is not the case in Nigeria, where leaders’ security decisions are influenced by external actors rather than by their followers. By showing that the Nigerian ruling elite’s security agendas intersect with dominant global notions of security while neglecting genuine security interests of ordinary Nigerians, the study contextualises the complex global and local security interests in Nigeria. The lack of an intersection at home, however, has contributed to the emergence of extremists such as the Boko Haram sect, as well as the escalation of the acts of violence they perpetrate. As national insecurities become complex and intractable, ‘elegant’ or unilinear solutions – such as a military approach – lack the capacity to address these problems.     

Too much Western bias? The need for a more culturally adaptable approach to post-conflict security sector reform

The existing guidelines for security sector reform (SSR) tend to draw on theoretical work in the field of civil–military relations, which in turn has been derived from Western, liberal democratic models of governance. Although guidelines strongly advise that local culture and context need to be considered when drawing up objectives for post-conflict SSR programmes, this is not often reflected in practice. This article considers some of the reasons for this, citing both in-country challenges and donor-related issues, and suggests that one of the biggest problems is a lack of alternative, non-orthodox models of civil–military relations to draw upon. It is further suggested that elements of suitable alternative models may be found in states which possess political structures not entirely dissimilar to the Western, liberal democratic ideal, but which can offer different perspectives. Detailed research of these structures should produce a pool of sub-models which could then be employed to create bespoke, culturally appropriate objectives for use in post-conflict SSR programmes.     

航空弹药供应保障存在的问题及对策

在现代高技术信息化战争中,航空弹药地位和作用日渐突出。在分析了信息化条件下现代战争对航空弹药供应保障提出的新需求基础上,指出了航空弹药供应保障存在的不足,并从航空弹药的储备、管理和供应三个方面分别提出了相应的对策。研究表明,着眼应急作战的实际需要,搞好航空弹药供应保障,提高应急作战弹药供应保障能力,是摆在面前的一个现实而又紧迫的任务。     

Security sector reform in Africa: Donor approaches versus local needs

Many African states have security sector reform (SSR) programs. These are often internationally funded. But how do such programs account for previously existing security institutions and the security needs of local communities? This article examines SSR all over Africa to assess local ownership and path dependency from a New Institutionalist perspective. It finds that SSR, particularly in post-conflict countries, tends to be driven by ideas and perceptions of international donors promoting generalized blueprints. Often, such programs only account in a very limited way for path-dependent aspects of security institutions or the local context. Hence, the reforms often lack local participation and are thus not accepted by the local community eventually.     

Educate or Adjudicate? Socioeconomic Heterogeneity and Welfare

I present a formal framework to explore the welfare and distributional effects of a government’s optimal choice over two types of public spending in a closed economy: domestic security (DS) and investment in social capital (SC). Production is characterized as a function of social and physical capital stocks that both vary across the regions. DS stands for total factor productivity, while SC stands for human capital and civic cooperativeness combined. SC accumulates via public spending on universal primary education, cultural, and civic events and such, and is exposed to regional spillover effects. Numerical simulations of the static solution of the government’s welfare maximization problem reveal that the optimal rate of spending on SC (m^*) is negatively related with the income share of physical capital, SC spillovers and fiscal decentralization. Simulations also show that SC homogeneity is positively associated with both the level and equitability of aggregate income. The maximum attainable levels of income, welfare and social cohesion and the most equitable incomes are all observed to realize at some intermediate range of m^* values. In case DS augments SC, however, social cohesion improves and welfare declines monotonously in m^*.     

美国陆军数据战略目标及实施

为深入研究美陆军数据战略目标及实施策略,为我军数据战略研究提供借鉴,文章对美陆军2016年发布的最新《陆军数据战略》进行分析,指出其目标是实现数据的可视化、可获取、可信任、可理解和互操作,并对美陆军数据战略的具体实施策略进行了剖析,指出美国陆军数据战略推动的是美军军事作战理论转型,从"网络为中心"转变为以"数据为中心"作战理念,其核心意图在于以数据优势实现指挥决策优势。