The surface activation of boron to improve ignition and combustion characteristic

Boron is a very promising and highly attractive fuel because of high calorific value. However, the practical applications in explosives and propellants of boron have been limited by long ignition delay time and low combustion efficiency. Herein, nano-Al and graphene fluoride (GF) as surface activated materials are employed to coat boron (B) particles to improve ignition and combustion performance. The reaction heat of nano-Al coated B/KNO₃ and GF coated B/KNO₃ are 1116.83 J/g and 862.69 J/g, respectively, which are higher than that of pure B/KNO₃ (823.39 J/g). The ignition delay time of B/KNO₃ could be reduced through nano-Al coating. The shortest ignition delay time is only 75 ms for B coated with nano-Al of 8 wt%, which is much shorter than that of pure B/KNO₃ (109 ms). However, the ignition delay time of B/KNO₃ coated with GF has been increased from 109 to 187 ms. B coated with GF and nano-Al shown significantly influence on the pressure output and flame structure of B/KNO₃. Furthermore, the effects of B/O ratios on the pressure output and ignition delay time have been further fully studied. For B/KNO₃ coated with nano-Al and GF, the highest pressures are 88 KPa and 59 KPa for B/O ratio of 4:6, and the minimum ignition delay time are 94 ms and 148 ms for B/O ratio of 7:3. Based on the above results, the reaction process of boron coated with GF and nano-Al has been proposed to understand combustion mechanism.     

Enhancing the explosive characteristics of a Semtex explosive by involving admixtures of BCHMX and HMX

A well-known ternary plastic explosive, Czech Semtex 1H, contains a mixture of PETN and RDX softened by SBR. In this work, BCHMX was used to replace PETN in Semtex 1H to form Sem-BC+RDX. In addition, another mixture based on BCHMX and HMX as energetic fillers bonded by the polymeric matrix of Semtex 1H (Sem-BC+HMX) was studied. The particle size distribution of each individual explosive was determined to obtain the optimum mixing conditions. Friction and impact sensitivities were determined. The velocity of detonation was reported practically and the detonation properties were calculated by EXPLO5 code. The explosive strength of each sample was measured by the ballistic mortar test. The conclusion confirms that the velocity of detonation of Sem-BC+HMX was the highest in comparison with the prepared samples. Sem-BC+RDX has the least impact and frictions sensitivities. Sem-BC+RDX has higher detonation velocity, detonation properties and explosive strength than Semtex 1H. Addition of BCHMX in Semtex 1H as a replacement for PETN is the candidate to produce a high performance advanced Czech plastic explosive.     

水动力空化效应的实验研究与理论分析

在研制空化射流实验装置的基础上,采用实验与理论分析相结合的方式,以苯酚溶液为对象,对水动力空化效应进行了研究。考察了进口压力、孔板结构与空化数的关系,研究了反应时间、进口压力和空化数对苯酚降解效果的影响。得出孔板在水动力空化过程中起决定性作用,一定结构的孔板还能有效抑制超空化现象的发生,确保较好的苯酚降解效果。     

一步法制备石蜡微胶囊的中试研究及性能表征

采用一步法在100L反应釜内进行石蜡微胶囊制备的中试,表征了石蜡微胶囊的微胶囊化率、粒径和热性能,探讨了中试工艺对产品性能的影响。结果表明中试产品与实验室小试产品的性能基本接近。中试石蜡微胶囊的微胶囊化率为70％,平均粒径为54．0μm,相变范围为40～80℃,相变峰值和热焓分别为65℃,114J／g,分解温度达250℃。     

四支板超声速引射器性能特性试验

对二维喷管构型的四支板超声速引射器进行冷流试验,分析启动、负载匹配方面的性能特性。试验结果表明:启动特性方面,四支板超声速引射系统的盲腔压力低于3 kPa,引射器入口腔压的迟滞压力比启动压力低15.9%。负载匹配特性方面,四支板引射器在小引射系数、大增压比状态下具有十分明显的优势,当引射系数为0.04时,增压比为11.21;当引射系数为0.10时,增压比为7.0。因此,二维喷管构型的多支板超声速引射器具有良好的启动、负载匹配性能,工程应用潜力较大。     

过氯酸铵 (AP) 爆燃的模拟

本文提出一个描述AP爆燃的物理化学模型,并计算了AP晶粒在10～800大气压下的爆燃速度、压力指数、燃面温度等参数值,计算结果和T.L. Boggs等人的实验结果相符文中提出AP爆燃过程中,在低压和高压下,可能存在着两种不同的凝聚相反应机理,并用以解释Boggs的实验现象。此外,本文还提出了一种描述绝热体系中,预混火焰燃烧时的化学反应速度表示式和计算方法,使气相温度梯度及热传导的计算简单合理,这也是本模拟研究取得成功的因素之一。     

SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料的抗氧化、抗热震性能研究

通过研究材料的氧化前后质量的改变和强度减少及氧化前后微观结构的变化,研究了先驱体转化法制备的SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料的抗氧化、抗热震性能。结果表明SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料具有良好的抗氧化、抗热震性能。对所得材料微观结构进行了分析讨论,发现界面结构的变化是影响SiCf/Si-O-C复合材料抗氧化、抗热震性能的主要原因。     

Banyan网的一类非阻塞特性及其在ATM交换机设计中的应用

Ｂａｎｙａｎ网具有结构简单、自寻址、硬件复杂度低等优点，因而被许多交换系统和多机系统作为基本互连网络，但其内阻塞特性限制了它的性能。对某些特定输入模式，Ｂａｎｙａｎ网是非阻塞的。本文讨论Ｂａｎｙａｎ网的一类非阻塞特性，说明它们在ＡＴＭ交换机设计中的应用——通过数据分布提高ＡＴＭ交换机的负载均衡能力，用更小的硬件代价实现多目广播功能。     

四轮独立驱动无人车的动力性参数设计仿真

四轮独立驱动无人车的轮毂电机功率、蓄电池容量与组数以及无人车续驶里程等参数的匹配设计是无人车研制过程中整体设计的一个难点和重点,需要通过无人车运动学和动力学分析进行确定,既要满足可行性又要具有很好的可靠性。根据实际需要和动力性设计要求,在对无人车进行运动和动力学分析的基础上,通过理论计算得到动力性参数,然后通过ADVISOR软件建立四轮独立驱动整车仿真模型,对其动力性进行仿真。通过仿真,其最高车速、爬坡性能、加速性能以及行驶里程在不同的工况下得到仿真结果与理论设计的参数相吻合,验证了参数设计的合理性,为下一步无人车样机的制作以及进行整车运动控制研究具有重要实际意义。     

使用图像优化方法估计水体调制传递函数

针对水体属性的变化使图像复原困难的问题,提出了一种从退化的水下图像中估计自然水体调制传递函数的方法。该方法首先建立了自然水体的调制传递函数与其固有光学特性参数之间的关系,然后采用图像复原技术对图像进行复原,最后使用粒子群优化算法来优化调制传递函数的相关参数。仿真实验表明:该方法能有效对水下图像进行复原,且不需测量水体的光学参数就能估计出自然水体的调制传递函数。该方法用于水下激光成像系统的图像复原可取得明显效果。