Surface modification of ammonium nitrate by coating with surfactant materials to reduce hygroscopicity

Ammonium nitrate (AN) is promising oxidizer in green propellants. In this work, the physical coating method was improved to modify the surface of ammonium nitrate particles with different surfactant materials to reduce hygroscopicity. Cetylalcohol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, palmic acid, lauric acid, stearsmide, tetradecylamine, dodecylamine, and tetradecanol were used as coating surfactant agents. The hygroscopicity was tested for ammonium nitrate with and without coating. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the surface of coated and uncoated ammonium nitrate. The mass ratio of coating layer and decline of absorption rate of ammonium nitrate coated by cetylalcohol were 1.00%, and 28.40%, respectively. The results indicate that coating with cetylalcohol surfactant have advantages over the other surfactants in term of low mass ratio of coating layer, and high decline of moisture absorption rate. Thus, cetylalcohol would be a promising coating surfactant material for ammonium nitrate. The idea and approach presented in this study have potential to made hydrophobic layer on the surface of particles to reduce hygroscopicity of AN, and also help the researcher to improving anti-hygroscopicity of ammonium salts.     

基于可调光纤F-P滤波器解调的分布式光纤光栅传感系统

提出并实现了一种可满足工程实用要求的波分复用光纤光栅传感网络解决方案,系统通过可调谐光纤F-P滤波器的连续扫描实现波长信号的解调.该传感系统扫描带宽50 nm,单点工作带宽5 nm,对一般应用系统每根单纤可设20-30个点,系统最高扫描频率200 Hz,分辨率5 pm(约5με或0.5℃).     

金属泡沫断裂韧性的试验研究

金属泡沫在其实际应用中,断裂性能和断裂韧性对于承载的多孔金属泡沫有着重要的意义。基于美国试验材料学会相关标准,采用三点弯曲试样测定了铝泡沫的I型断裂韧性。研究表明,金属泡沫的断裂为脆性断裂,在裂纹尖端附近,孔壁最薄弱的区域最容易发生变形;随着进一步加载,一些孔壁发生断裂,微裂纹在断裂尖端附近出现。随着载荷的增加,主裂纹在缺口根部形成或由微裂纹合并而成,并开始在多孔结构内传播。裂纹沿着结构最薄弱处传播,并产生次生裂纹和裂纹桥。裂纹总的扩展方式还是I型断裂。根据试验P-V曲线特点,取最大载荷点对应的力与位移求解出铝泡沫的裂纹尖端临界张开位移的平均值为0.051 mm。     

基于CNN的三相逆变器开路故障诊断及其样本条件分析

为了合理选择样本条件以实现高效的智能化诊断,以及克服智能化方法中传统反向传播(back propagation, BP)网络权值较多、局部信息提取能力不足的问题,对基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)的开路故障诊断方法进行研究,并以典型的三相两电平逆变器为具体对象,着重分析样本时长、样本数量变化时,CNN方法相较于BP网络方法在网络权值数量、训练稳定性、诊断准确率上的量化优势。结果表明,基于CNN的方法可在权值数量远少于BP网络方法的情况下构建深度更深的诊断模型,并在更短样本时长、更少训练样本数量下实现高效、准确的开路故障诊断。     

Resistance of grid steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact: Experimental investigation and analytical engineering model

Steel-tube-confined concrete (STCC) targets are provided with excellent anti-penetration performance over semi-infinite concrete (SIC) targets since the steel tube imposes passive restraint on the in-filled concrete during the penetration process. Grid STCC system with square steel tubes is a potential solution to protective structures. In this paper, experiments of 9-cell grid STCC targets penetrated by 12.7 mm Armor Piercing Projectile (APP) were performed. The influence of side length and thickness of steel tube, steel ratio and impact velocity on anti-penetration performance were taken into account. Additionally, single-cell square STCC targets were also designed and tested for comparison with the 9-cell grid STCC targets. Damage modes and parameters of the tested targets were measured and discussed. Moreover, the stiffness of radial confinement of grid STCC targets is achieved according to the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Furthermore, the penetration resistance and depth of penetration (DOP) for grid STCC targets are obtained on the basis of the dynamic finite spherical cavity-expansion (FSCE) models including radial confinement effect. It is shown that the 9-cell grid STCC targets with optimal dimension match of thickness and side length of steel tube can reduce the DOP by about 17 % and 23 % in comparison with the SIC targets and single-cell square STCC targets, respectively, due to both the confinement of square steel tube to concrete in the impacted cell and the additional confinement of the surrounding cells to the impacted cell; the penetration resistance and DOP of the grid and cellular STCC targets with similar steel ratio is close, and thus the grid STCC targets with simpler manufacturing process and excellent in-plane expandability are preferred in engineering practice; moreover, the predicted results of DOP model based on the FSCE models agree well with the tested results with the maximum disparity less than 12 % and the proposed model is more applicable to the grid and cellular STCC targets with high radial confinement.     

A pixel-level local contrast measure for infrared small target detection

Infrared (IR) small target detection is one of the key technologies of infrared search and track (IRST) systems. Existing methods have some limitations in detection performance, especially when the target size is irregular or the background is complex. In this paper, we propose a pixel-level local contrast measure (PLLCM), which can subdivide small targets and backgrounds at pixel level simultaneously. With pixel-level segmentation, the difference between the target and the background becomes more obvious, which helps to improve the detection performance. First, we design a multiscale sliding window to quickly extract candidate target pixels. Then, a local window based on random walker (RW) is designed for pixel-level target segmentation. After that, PLLCM incorporating probability weights and scale constraints is proposed to accurately measure local contrast and suppress various types of background interference. Finally, an adaptive threshold operation is applied to separate the target from the PLLCM enhanced map. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate than the baseline algorithms, while achieving a high speed.     

角度闪烁干扰对地空导弹火力拦截能力的影响

角度闪烁干扰对地空导弹火力拦截能力的影响,是电子对抗部队迫切需要解决却又缺乏系统研究的难题。为解决这一难点问题,首先在研究杀伤区纵深和掩护扇区受干扰变化的基础上,分析了双机闪烁干扰对地空导弹射击目标脱靶量及射击次数的影响,然后建立了角度闪烁干扰条件下地空导弹对目标的合成杀伤概率计算模型,最后通过算例验证模型的有效性,得出了具有实用价值的结论,可为空袭作战中作战效能评估提供参考。     

弹载北斗抗干扰天线系统分析与设计

首先分析了弹载北斗导航系统接收机抗干扰天线系统的军事需求,确立了总体设计方案,然后详细分析了硬件平台方案选择和软件算法技术实现方案,并进行了相关的比较和仿真,得出了一些有益的结论。该结论可为研究和设计基于北斗导航的抗干扰天线系统提供有益的参考。     

时间距离像消隐时弹头进动与结构参数估计

考虑弹道目标时间距离像存在消隐现象,提出了一种弹道目标微距离变化曲线断续时进动与结构参数提取方法。首先,建立了弹道中段目标宽带回波模型,推导了散射中心微距离变化曲线理论公式;其次,提取了时间距离像中各散射中心的微距离变化曲线,据此提出采用选点方法实现目标进动频率和平动参数联合估计,完成了弹道目标时间距离像的平动补偿;最后,利用扩展Hough变换方法进行补偿后断续微距离变化曲线的检测,基于各散射中心间的相对位置信息实现了弹道目标的结构参数提取。电磁仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

论现代大学治理下的权力配置

中国特色的现代大学治理是大学政党权力、行政权力、学术权力等多元权力优化配置和协调平衡的制度保障;现代大学治理下如何处理和配置好大学的多元权力,构建现代大学治理下的权力保障制度,应建立多方参与的董事会制度、党政联席会议制度、教授主导下的学术制度、教师学生参与决策管理的监事会议制度等。