Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

不同增强体镁基复合材料的阻尼性能

研究了短切碳纤维、碳化硅晶须、硼酸铝晶须为增强体的镁基复合材料在外加载荷下的阻尼性能,测量了它们的力学性能与断口特性。研究表明：增强体不同的镁基复合材料,阻尼性能不同;在所研究的几种增强体复合材料中,以短切碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的阻尼效果最好;短切碳纤维增强铁基复合材料界面对内耗有明显的影响。     

煤气泄漏报警原理用于潜艇消氢系统的自动控制设计

作者设计了一种煤气泄漏报警装置,并把它的工作原理移植到潜艇消氢系统的设计中,将原来用于手工检测、分散消氢的消氢过程改造成自动检测、集中消氢的自动控制过程,达到了减轻艇员劳动强度,大大提高测氢与消氢的及时性与准确性的目的。实艇的初步试验表明,系统设计是成功的,存在的某些问题需要依靠潜艇修理时才能解决。     

不可逆闭式燃气轮机循环的最佳功率效率特性

本文研究恒温热源条件下不可逆闭式燃气轮机循环的有限时间热力学性能,导出其最佳功率输出与效率间的关系,它包含内可逆和理想换热条件下的最佳特性关系。     

用 Gd2O3 做介质缓冲层制作金属包覆光波导偏振器

首次报道了采用Ｇｄ２Ｏ３薄膜作介质缓冲层制作金属包覆Ｔｉ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３光波导偏振器。通过对理论模型的计算选取合适的介质缓冲层厚度,给出了理论计算和实验结果。测试结果表明,我们实际制作的Ｇｄ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ包覆Ｔｉ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３偏振器的偏振消光比＞３５ｄＢ。     

无电焊接材料的燃烧速度和燃烧温度研究

采用高放热性的铝热剂（CuO＋Al）并加入适当的添加剂,制备了便携式的无电焊接笔材料,其燃烧速度可控,且具有高的燃烧温度。研究了反应剂颗粒大小、混料均匀性等对无电焊接笔材料的燃烧性能的影响。结果表明：反应剂粒径对无电焊接笔的燃烧速度具有显著影响,随着反应剂粒径的增大,燃烧速度明显减慢。反应剂粒径和混料时间是影响单位时间放热量和混料均匀度的主要因素,因而对无电焊接笔的燃烧温度具有明显影响。在一定的混料时间下,反应物粉末具有最佳的混料均匀性。反应物粒径小且混料均匀性好的无电焊接笔材料,其燃烧温度高。     

某军事区域土壤重金属污染状况及其评价

以华北某军事区域的打靶场为研究对象,监测并分析了土壤中重金属Pb和Cu的质量比,分别为25.90～396.50mg/kg,12.13～5173.00mg/kg;并采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价了采样区的污染状况。评价结果表明:Pb和Cu的单因子污染指数在落弹区最高,分别达到了390.12和4.61,内梅罗综合污染指数达到了308.88;落弹区剖面分析结果显示打靶场土壤1m左右深度的重金属含量依然很高,表明在落弹区Pb和Cu的污染尤为严重。分析认为弹头是重金属污染的主要来源,残留在土壤中的弹头会给土壤带来持久性的重金属污染。     

焊接过程对焊接残余应力及残余变形的影响

采用热弹塑性有限元法 ,对直通焊和多人同时分段焊两种焊接过程的平板对接焊时焊接应力变形和圆柱壳板环缝的焊接变形进行比较 ,认为多人同时分段焊较直通焊无论在降低焊接残余应力还是焊接残余变形都具有非常显著的效果     

激光——等离子弧复合焊铝锂合金熔化过程的分析

为了研究激光-等离子弧复合焊熔化过程中的传热和流动特性,建立了针对1420铝锂合金的数值分析模型。在同时考虑表面张力、电磁力和热浮力作用的情况下,利用有限控制容积法求解该模型,得到熔池流场和温度场的数值解,从而直观地反映熔池形状的变化过程,并采用无量纲分析法对不同作用力对熔池传热和流动过程的影响进行定量化研究。分析结果表明：熔深的增长快于熔宽,因为熔深增加的主要机理是小孔效应,而熔宽增加的机理为对流传热作用;表面张力对熔池流动的影响最大,比电磁力的作用大1个数量级,比热浮力的作用大3个数量级;在熔化过程中,对流传热的作用大于热传导作用,心数最大值达7．6。     

基于高速电弧喷涂的材料制备与成形一体化技术

材料制备与成形一体化技术是装备再制造关键技术之一。对于一些难以合成及加工成形的材料,采用高速电弧喷涂粉芯丝材的方法,通过喷涂弧区的快速、动态冶金过程,同步实现新材料的合成与成形,即在再制造快速成形过程中实现新材料的合成与制备。这一技术一方面可通过新材料设计,制备出赋予零件防腐蚀、耐磨损、耐高温等性能的涂层体系,另一方面它突破了热喷涂技术只能制备薄涂层传统观念,在开展制造零件用的快速成形材料方面也具有良好的研究空间。基于高速电弧喷涂的材料制备与成形一体化技术在舰船钢结构长效防腐、电站锅炉管道防护、装备零件成形制造与再制造等领域具有良好的应用前景。