The Problem of Weak Nuclear States

Governments are increasingly recognizing the problem posed by internally weak nuclear-capable states. The problem, however, is under-theorized. This article brings together literature on sovereignty and international order, the nonproliferation regime, and weak states, and introduces new concepts to provide a more structured understanding of this problem. Insight comes from focusing attention on the function and governance of two nuclear estates (termed the production and operational estates), and on their resilience to decay and disorder occurring within the state and society. Drawing on empirical observation, the authors suggest a typology of weakness in nuclear states, involving state fragmentation typified by the former Soviet Union, the “hard weak state” typified by North Korea, and the internally conflicted state typified by Pakistan. Although these types give rise to distinctive difficulties, their alleviation depends heavily on the maintenance of internal authority within the state and estates, the presence or absence of cooperative relations, and the international regulatory framework's vitality.     

Concept costing for defence projects: the problem and its solution

It is intrinsic to the nature of military competition that the unit acquisition costs of defence systems rise generation by generation. Traditional “bottom‐up” methods of cost‐estimating cannot meet the increasing demands for extensive studies of many options before commencing design and, while “top‐down” estimating techniques are an improvement, in particular by reducing the time required for preparing estimates, they also are inadequate to meet current requirements. A new method has been devised, therefore, further developing “top‐down” methods using Bayesian techniques to make best use of the available information, whether certain or uncertain, and its accuracy established by example.     

SAVING THE NPT

For more than forty years, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) has provided major security benefits to the international community; however, the treaty is suffering from internal and external pressures, and benign neglect on the part of its members is undermining its authority. To ensure the treaty's continued viability, it is time for member states to start showing the NPT the respect it deserves and to renew their commitments to its fundamental purposes. Achieving this requires remedial action in at least four areas of vulnerability: reinvigorating nuclear disarmament; strengthening nonproliferation; overcoming the NPT's institutional deficit; and fostering a rapprochement between NPT and non-NPT states that does not abandon the goal of treaty universalization. There is still time before the 2010 NPT Review Conference for concerted action to restore the NPT's vitality and for the United States to resume its leadership role on behalf of the treaty and its membership.     

基于逆向强化学习的舰载机甲板调度优化方案生成方法

针对计算机辅助指挥调度舰载机甲板作业的决策过程无法脱离人参与这一特点,引入基于逆向学习的强化学习方法,将指挥员或专家的演示作为学习对象,通过分析舰载机的甲板活动,建立舰载机甲板调度的马尔可夫决策模型(MDP)框架;经线性近似,采用逆向学习方法计算得到回报函数,从而能够通过强化学习方法得到智能优化策略,生成舰载机甲板调度方案。经仿真实验验证,本文所提方法能够较好地学习专家演示,结果符合调度方案优化需求,为形成辅助决策提供了基础。     

On the Road to the 2015 NPT Review Conference

The second session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2015 Review Conference (RevCon) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) highlighted two issues in particular—progress toward a Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction–Free Zone and the Joint Statement on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons—that may not only greatly affect the health and vitality of the NPT and the 2015 RevCon, but possibly also have implications for the international nonproliferation regime as a whole. Dr. William Potter, director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, interviewed Ambassador Cornel Feruta, chairman of the 2013 PrepCom, to discuss these and other issues related to the meeting and the future of the treaty and its review process.     

基于案例推理和模糊诊断的兵器故障诊断专家系统

讨论了基于案例的推理和模糊诊断矩阵在兵器故障中的应用 ,建立了兵器故障诊断WDDS -E系统模型和模糊诊断矩阵模型。详细说明了系统的工作原理和设计过程 ,并给出了应用实例     

地面防空威胁估计模糊优化计算方法及使用

在近年来研制成功的战术单位级地面防空作战指挥辅助决策支持系统基础上,介绍了为指挥员提供目标威胁判断使用的模糊优化评估算法以及威胁估计在地面防空指挥决策中的使用.     

基于进化算法的在轨对地定点着陆优化变轨分离技术

针对在轨对地定点再入方面的问题,重点讨论了远地点单脉冲变轨模式和一般单脉冲变轨模式,在此基础上提出了一种基于进化算法在轨对地定点着陆的优化变轨分离技术,这样既保证了着陆精度,又保证了所耗能量最小。通过仿真计算,验证了该方法的正确性。     

带限信号高频重建频域极小化外推算法

通过离散Fourier变换,给出了一个频域极小化外推算法。该算法能较好地抑制噪声干扰,其计算量小,计算机仿真结果表明,该方法有良好的应用前景。     

论消防部队抢险救援现场的医疗急救

当前我国抢险救援工作面临着新的挑战。作为抢险救援的专业队伍,消防部队只有具备包括现场医疗急救在内的较强的综合能力和素质,才能更好地完成各类灾害事故、意外伤害的抢险救援任务。针对消防部队的特点,提出了抢险救援现场医疗急救的原则和对各类伤害现场进行医疗急救的对策。