瑞吉欧教育在中国本土化的挑战与途径

瑞吉欧教育本土化的过程中我们要:深入学习瑞吉欧教育的儿童观与教育理念;教育的过程是教师和幼儿共同学习、共同探索、共同研究、共同创造的过程,教师应该以幼儿的引导者、支持者、合作者、帮助者的身份出现,并通过倾听、观察和记录来实现这一过程;学习瑞吉欧社区参与管理的模式,改善社区资源不合理利用的现状,并努力将低层次的家园合作逐步发展到高层次的家园合作。     

Witchcraft and African development

Impressive investment and growth figures and commercial write-ups enthusing about ‘Africa rising up’, ‘the continent of the future’, and so on, obscure the poverty, illiteracy, poor health and other hardships afflicting the vast majority of African people. Why has massive so-called development and technical ‘aid’ not created the expected dynamic, autonomous economic progress? A blind eye is delicately being turned to the decisive role of people – more specifically, the cultural element. Notwithstanding good intentions, outsiders seeking to promote development assume that black Africans think and act like they only need more education, training and finance in order to ‘catch up’. Outsiders easily forget that since time immemorial, Africans have developed and cherished worldviews and cultures of their own. While these are by no means immutable and do adapt to changing needs and outside influences, Africans refuse to cast off overnight the heritage that makes them the people they are. This paper examines the impact of witchcraft as an integral feature of traditional culture on African existence, notably community life, religion, politics, the law, and economic practice. It stresses the significance of traditional society's powerful egalitarian impulses as well as its profound conviction that all things – goods, wealth, well-being and life force – are in a strictly limited supply that cannot be increased, but can only be redistributed by force or through magical manipulation. While modern life gradually weakens the influence of witchcraft beliefs – in Europe these flourished well into the 18th century – the exasperation associated with Africa's headlong urbanisation actually bolsters these beliefs.     

AISI H13钢表面改性技术研究进展

用于加工铝合金、镁合金零部件的AISI H13热作模具钢因其恶劣的服役环境,现已表现出低寿命的致命缺陷.激光加热淬火工艺因兼有表面强化、残余应力低及与基底保持高的结合之特性,使AISI H13热作模具钢具有广阔的应用前景;激光熔覆合金化工艺因具有较强的表面可设计性与使用可靠性,使AISI H13热作模具钢具有巨大的发展潜力;热喷涂工艺具有流程短且涂层可设计性等优势,但因涂层与基底呈弱结合之状态,因此应在成分与工艺上进行涂层与基底之间热匹配设计,以满足工程应用的高性能化与长寿命化之需.     

微信:网络舆论战的新利器

微信以惊人的速度发展,成为时下最热门的社交信息平台和绝大多数手机用户的一种生活方式。微信是舆论生成和扩散的重要平台,其多元化的信息、多渠道的传播以及创新的特点,为网络舆论战带来了全新的机遇。把握微信的信息传播特点,有效针对特定对象人群,采取积极主动的方式开展网络舆论宣传与自我防御,使微信成为舆论战发展的有力工具,是新时期开展网络舆论战的必然选择。     

简述与《禁止化学武器公约》相关的生化融合技术

《禁止化学武器公约》是一项十分重要的国际公约。《公约》全面、切实地履行,对在全球范围禁止化学武器使用,防止化学武器扩散,减少化学武器对人类的危害具有重大而深远意义。然而,随着科技的发展,《公约》面临着新的挑战。特别是生物学和化学的发展与融合,对《公约》实施可能产生的影响日益明显。文章结合禁止化学武器组织科学咨询委员会向第三次《禁止化学武器公约》审议大会提交的报告,重点就与《公约》有关的化学与生物融合的技术问题进行了简要的归纳和分析。     

Optimal patrol to uncover threats in time when detection is imperfect

Consider a patrol problem, where a patroller traverses a graph through edges to detect potential attacks at nodes. An attack takes a random amount of time to complete. The patroller takes one time unit to move to and inspect an adjacent node, and will detect an ongoing attack with some probability. If an attack completes before it is detected, a cost is incurred. The attack time distribution, the cost due to a successful attack, and the detection probability all depend on the attack node. The patroller seeks a patrol policy that minimizes the expected cost incurred when, and if, an attack eventually happens. We consider two cases. A random attacker chooses where to attack according to predetermined probabilities, while a strategic attacker chooses where to attack to incur the maximal expected cost. In each case, computing the optimal solution, although possible, quickly becomes intractable for problems of practical sizes. Our main contribution is to develop efficient index policies—based on Lagrangian relaxation methodology, and also on approximate dynamic programming—which typically achieve within 1% of optimality with computation time orders of magnitude less than what is required to compute the optimal policy for problems of practical sizes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 557–576, 2014     

一种新的卫星导航星间链路测距体制及其定轨性能分析

现有的GPS星间链路轮询时分测距体制未针对定轨性能进行优化。对轮询时分测距体制进行改进,提出了一种新的分组时分测距体制,通过对整星座所有卫星进行分组测距来提高星间测距链路数量,从而提高星地星间联合定轨精度。以整星座平均定轨精度最优为目标,提出了两步优化算法,得到星间总测距链路数最多的卫星分组,使每组内卫星的星间测距DOP值最小。仿真结果表明,采用优化算法得到的最优分组时分测距方式对卫星定轨精度有明显改善。     

基于价值的指挥主体作战指挥行为评估

作战指挥行为是作战指挥理论的一个重要方面。在明确了其概念后,将价值这一概念引入作战指挥行为评估,认为价值的创造主体是作战指挥行为,并以此作为评估的基础。最后,利用数据挖掘中的关联规则实现评估的量化,并结合案例说明该方法的有效性。     

探索性分析在作战实验中的应用

现代作战系统特征复杂,采用当前的作战实验方法对作战运行规律进行分析研究时,层次较低、缺乏整体性、对作战行为指导意义不明显。针对此问题,结合探索性分析思想,提出一种基于探索性分析的作战实验方法,设计了方法的研究框架,给出了主要研究内容的关键技术解决方法。最后,进行了实例分析,结果表明,方法在作战方案优化方面能起到较好的效果。     

一体化联合作战精确控制问题

文中主要对一体化联合作战中的精确控制内涵进行了阐述,然后分别从重要性和实现途径两个方面对作战时序的精确控制、作战空间的精确控制、作战目标的精确控制和作战信息环境的精确控制进行探讨。