‘Legitimacy is the Main Objective’: Legitimation in Population-Centric Counterinsurgency

Abstract

This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of the role of legitimacy and different forms of legitimation in population-centric counterinsurgency. An analysis of the logic underlying this counterinsurgency concept sheds a light on the former as it identifies legitimacy as the crucial mechanism through which a collaboration strategy seeks to obtain control over the local population. An exploration of Weber’s primary types of legitimate authorities provides the insight that counterinsurgents might operationalize legitimation through either rational-legal ways or by co-opting local power-holders who hold a position as traditional or charismatic leaders. The exact choice of strategy depends on the pattern of legitimacy in the target society and therefore so-called cultural legitimation is pivotal.     

Bangladesh: The Changing Dynamics of Violent Extremism and the Response of the State

Bangladesh is currently facing an incremental growth of radicalization. This radicalization can be traced back to the country’s early post-Independence years. Over time, political violence, ideological clashes between secular and right-wing ideologies, and weak governance have created conditions for the growth of radical Islam. The public rhetoric on corruption, weakening of democratic institutions, inadequate law enforcement agencies, fragile justice delivery system, fledgling educational and social institutions and growing unemployment provides further space for alternative narratives by extremist ideologues. Home-grown extremist outfits have received ideological and tactical supports from transnational terrorist network such as Islamic State (IS) and Al-Qaeda in Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), but only in a limited manner. The supply and demand side of radicalization in Bangladesh has not yet been addressed by actors such as the government, private sector, civil society and media. The failures in multiple sectors in the state governance have led to a situation where IS and AQIS now see Bangladesh as a potential ground for exerting their supremacy as flag bearers of radical forms of Islam.     

基于能力的武器装备组合规划模型与算法*

针对武器装备组合规划中存在的选择难、规划难问题,在给定能力需求的条件下,从分析装备的组合变更对整体体系的影响出发,考虑了总的经费预算、年度费用分配、装备规划周期等约束,以能力差距和发展风险最小为准则,构建了双目标优化模型,并设计了基于差分进化和NSGA-II的求解算法,获得模型的Pareto解;最后通过TOPSIS方法从所求Pareto解中求得令决策者满意的折中解。通过一个具体示例,验证了本文所提模型和算法的有效性,能够为武器装备组合规划提供辅助决策。     

使用位流重定位与差异配置在线演化数字系统

利用位流重定位与差异配置技术对现有基于动态部分重构的演化硬件实现方法进行改进,以解决其演化复杂电路时位流存储开销大和演化速度慢的问题。利用Xilinx早期获取部分重构技术,定制能实现位流重定位的可演化IP核。原始位流文件经设计形成算子核位流库存于外部CF卡上,方便系统调用。将现场可编程门阵列片内软核处理器Micro Blaze作为演化控制器,采用染色体差异配置技术,在线实时调节可演化IP核的电路结构,构成基于片上可编程系统的自演化系统。以图像滤波器的在线演化设计为例,在Virtex-5现场可编程门阵列开发板ML507上对系统结构和演化机制进行验证,结果表明,所提演化机制能有效节省位流存储空间,提高演化速度。     

蚁群算法在智能LED路灯控制中的应用

针对基于电力线载波通信(PLC,Power Line Communication)技术的LED路灯监控系统,基于蚁群算法(ACA,Ant Colony Algorithm)开发了一种适用于低压配电网的LED路灯组网寻址算法,并在目标函数、信息素更新规则、状态转移规则和搜索等方面做了优化改进。建立了路灯自动路由模型,并给出自动路由协议框架。通过该模型,可动态识别低压配电网信道质量,并根据信道质量变化,动态维护电力线载波通信网络路由,保证通信网络有效性。最后,通过信道仿真模型和现场试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

卫星导航抗干扰最优接收机与相关接收机性能分析

为减小抗干扰接收机硬件实现难度,深入研究单天线卫星导航抗干扰相关接收机的性能,并详细分析其频域响应、信干噪比损耗和相关输出函数。分析表明,抗干扰最优接收机与相关接收机信干噪比损耗随着干扰带宽和干扰强度的增加而增大,随干扰频率与中心频率偏差和噪声带宽的增加而减小。此外,干扰将引起抗干扰接收机匹配与相关输出主峰降低和旁瓣抬高,从而影响接收机捕获、跟踪和多径抑制性能。研究结果将为卫星导航抗干扰接收机的优化设计提供依据。     

面向实体的军事仿真规则提取方法研究

针对目前军事仿真系统开发中存在的军事仿真规则提取不完备的问题,在充分发挥ECA规则提取方法优势的基础上,提出了面向实体的军事仿真规则提取方法。该方法以实体状态变迁为中心,运用系统论方法,重点分析实体的环境、功能、行为、组元和结构状态,并将分析结果引入ECA规则。通过将该方法应用于装备抢修组实施抢修的规则提取中,验证了其对于提高规则的完备性与可信性具有较好的效果。     

装甲兵作战仿真系统信息存储与回放

在分析DIS信息结构和数据库的基础上,对基于DIS的装甲兵作战仿真系统信息存储与回放进行了研究,并将其应用于装甲兵作战仿真实验室的建设中,收到了良好的效果.     

改进的累量域波达方向矩阵法

构造了一种可以进行高分辨二维波达方向估计的累量域波达方向矩阵。利用该矩阵的特征值和特征向量 ,就可以求出信号源的方位角和俯仰角。同其它的波达方向矩阵法相比 ,放宽了对阵列结构的要求 ,提高了阵列孔径的利用率。同时 ,由于采用了累量来构造波达方向矩阵 ,因此新方法具有对高斯噪声的自然盲性。     

国外指控与火控系统的最新进展

本文主要介绍国外高炮,坦克和防空指挥控制系统和通信系统的最额进展与发展特点。