基于规则推理的海战仿真实体决策方法

研究在海军战术仿真中应用基于规则推理的方法实现作战实体的自主决策行为,该方法用决策规则描述作战实体决策时所依据的军事决策知识,通过对决策规则的推理实现决策作战实体的决策推理过程.分别介绍了作战实体的决策模型、决策规则的知识表示方法以及决策模型的决策推理方法.基于规则推理的海战仿真实体决策方法推理机制接近人类的思维方式,结构逻辑容易为军事人员所掌握,易于理解和维护,便于实现.     

装备保障仿真军事规则探讨

军事规则体系是军事概念模型的核心内容之一,它明确描述了主要实体间的关系,把实体的军事行为依据从定性的原则具体化为定量的规则,使军事概念模型的开发过程得以独立于特定的可执行系统。针对装备保障仿真系统开发对装备保障仿真军事规则体系建立的需求,在定义装备保障仿真军事规则概念的基础上,就装备保障仿真军事规则体系的构建原则进行了分析,提出了建立装备保障仿真军事规则体系的基本方法,并给出一个简单的示例。     

结合词语规则和 SVM 模型的军事命名实体关系抽取方法?

抽取作战文书中的军事命名实体关系，是实现作战文书语义理解的一种有效方法。在分析作战文书中军事命名实体词语规则的基础上，提出了一种结合词语规则和 SVM 模型的军事命名实体关系抽取方法。首先，使用词语规则整合作战文书中连续出现的军事命名实体并抽取其关系，使其更加适合 SVM 模型。然后，使用 SVM 模型对传统规则模板难以使用的词窗、词性和距离等特征进行建模，抽取军事命名实体关系。实验结果表明，优先利用词语规则能充分提高 SVM 模型抽取军事命名实体关系的效果，与单纯使用 SVM 模型相比，准确率和召回率分别提高了8．73％和41．71％。     

基于双向启发式属性约简的战术决策建模研究

从预警机指挥引导的多机协同空战原则分析出发,针对超视距协同空战决策过程中的不确定性和不完备性问题,提出了一种不完备信息系统中的基于双向启发式属性约简的战术粗决策建模方法。首先考虑粗糙集决策过程中条件属性发生缺失或不确定的情况,根据扩展不完备信息概念建立了不完备决策信息系统的最优完备选择;其次基于分辨矩阵的属性约简算法,以属性频度的大小作为启发信息进行决策信息系统约简的双向选择,得出决策信息系统的最佳约简集合;然后依据使决策最有可能发生的原则,给出决策信息系统的最优选择,以该最优选择为代表提取出决策规则;最后根据软、硬杀伤结合使用的CGF实体超视距协同空战作战想定,建立了CGF实体综合战术决策模型,并通过作战决策实例对该方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证。结果表明：该方法能在作战态势信息不完备的情况下正确给出CGF实体综合战术行为。     

作战仿真系统开发平台研究及应用

作战仿真已成为人们对军事问题进行研究的重要手段。从作战仿真需求出发,研究了作战仿真系统的开发平台的组成、功能和应用模式,给出了面向作战仿真的平台解决方案。平台的核心是作战仿真引擎HYCGF,HYCGF提出了一种可组装的实体模型框架和基于"计划"的实体行为建模方法,基于该框架的实体状态和行为能力完全由装配的状态池和模型组件所决定。最后,介绍了应用该平台开发一个典型作战仿真应用的案例。     

基于规则预置的应急事件指挥控制建模研究

为提高应急事件仿真过程中指挥控制模型的智能化程度和仿真结果的可信度,分析了应急事件指挥实体的指挥控制过程和指挥实体阃的信息交互关系,建立了基于预置规则的指挥控制模型,提出了驱动指挥控制模型运转的、表达应急事件指挥专业化知识的产生式指挥控制规则表达方式,重点研究了指挥控制规则的分类、定义和设计方法,并对该方法在仿真系统中的应用进行了分析,取得了比较理想的模拟效果.     

CRF与规则相结合的军事命名实体识别研究

作战命令的分词是作战指令自动化生成、文图转换等各种指挥自动化技术的重要基础。在作战指令进行分词处理的过程中,军事命名实体的识别是技术难点之一。命名实体是信息的主要载体,它的识别是军事信息抽取的关键。提出了一种基于CRF模型与规则相结合的命名实体识别方法,结合基本特征与外部词典特征,提高了实体识别效率;在后期进行规则优化,最终实现高效的命名实体识别。实验证明,该方法是行之有效的。能够成功解决命名实体的自动识别问题。     

基于随机Petri网的装备抢救抢修保障模型

通过建立一个基本的装备抢救抢修Petri网模型,把Petri网建模思想引入战时装备抢救抢修保障模型中,将实际系统中的实体和活动映射为模型系统中的库所和变迁,将装备抢救抢修保障排队论模型用随机Petri网进行描述。构建了一个完整的装甲团装备抢救抢修随机Petri网模型,利用软件包SPNP6.0对其进行模拟运行,通过对模型仿真数据的分析为装备保障的方案制定提供决策依据。     

基于规则库的陆军作战指挥活动仿真建模

为了更好地满足联合作战方案实验论证对陆军作战行动的要求，提出了一种基于规则库的陆军作战指挥活动仿真模型构建方法。这种模型将作战行动中的各种指挥行为和行动行为规则化入库，以行为规则调用的方式组织构建，该方法只要对实体（指挥实体、执行实体）和规则库进行组织和维护，就可以构建出能够满足各种作战样式下作战方案实验论证的陆军作战指挥活动仿真模型，避免了依托人工智能、神经网络等理论进行模型构建带来的不确定因素。     

基于模糊事件的入侵检测模型

对模糊入侵事件进行了描述，分析了模糊入侵事件间的相似性，提出了基于模糊ECA规则的入侵检测知识表示方法，并阐述了模糊ECA规则的分析过程，以解决入侵行为的不确定性。     

AFRICAN SECURITY REVIEW

As an institution of state, the military in Lesotho was marred by controversy and steeped in intrigue from the start. For much of the post-colonial period the military was used as a politicised and partisan tool, which even seized power and governed in its own name. The current problem, as this brief history aims to demonstrate, is essentially two-pronged. It involves putting in place structures, mechanisms and philosophies designed to promote the military's acceptance of civil supremacy. The process should also include alterations to political society's perception of the military as a tool to be used in partisan games that almost always have calamitous outcomes. Lesotho's political development is classified in this article into four broad phases and the type of civil-military relations is assessed under each phase. The reasons for the military coup in 1986 are analysed, the emergence of a democratic order and the challenges facing this order are highlighted, and the reform measures that have thus far been instituted are evaluated. The essay concludes with a few projections into the future course of events.     

The Kashmir conflict in South Asia: voices from Srinagar

This article looks at the Kashmir conflict in South Asia, which has been going on since 1947, when India and Pakistan became independent from British colonial rule. After looking at some historical background, the article looks at both the external dimension as well as the internal dimension of the conflict. The external dimension tends to focus on Indo-Pak relations over Kashmir and the internal dimension looks at India's repressive state policies within the state of Kashmir. This article uses Mary Kaldor's “New War” thesis as a theoretical framework to understand the situation and pays special attention to the conflict's very complex and multifaceted nature. The article argues that although the levels of violence have differed from time to time in the region since 1947, today the conflict seems to have less to do with Indo-Pak relations or the external side of things and has more to do with the internal dimension and India's undemocratic ways within Kashmir. Today, Kashmir is one of the most militarised conflict zones in the world. The stationing of the Indian military and paramilitary forces in the region has only exacerbated the situation since it is the security personnel who cause much of the problem. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act gives these security forces extraordinary powers in the region, which they often abuse. The armed forces have no real understanding of the local culture or sympathy for local religious sentiments. Poverty, corruption, administrative failure, police brutality, identity politics and human rights abuses are some of the key features associated with this conflict. Methodologically, a number of interviews were carried out with the local people in the region recently. From the data gathered through the interviews, it is very obvious that the people still feel very oppressed and that the situation is still very volatile, fraught with uncertainty. Finally, after making an assessment of the situation, the article tries to suggest methods of peaceful building and conflict management as the way forward.     

Country survey military expenditure in Cyprus

Cyprus, a small island state, gained independence from British colonial rule in 1960. For more that half its history as an independent state Cyprus has been under occupation following the 1974 Turkish invasion. Despite the fact that it has faced war, invasion and occupation, Cyprus has allocated a comparatively small proportion of its national income to defence. The average defence burden—military expenditure as a share of GDP—during 1964–98 was around 2.5%. However, as a result of a substantial shift in defence policy during the past decade or so, the defence burden during the 1990s has increased, averaging about 4% of GDP as Cyprus decided to implement an extensive military modernization program aiming to present a more credible military deterrence vis‐a‐vis Turkey. Empirical estimations of a demand function for Cypriot military expenditure suggest that it is positively affected by alliance spillins and external military threat.     

军队律师若干问题研究

军队律师,是专门为其所在部队、部队官兵及军属提供法律服务,保障依法治军的专业法律工作者,具有军人和律师的双重身份。建立和完善军队律师制度,不仅是完善我国律师制度体系的内在要求,也是依法治军,建设社会主义法治国家的必然要求。     

基于改进SLP的军事物流基地设施平面布局研究

由于传统SLP方法的不足,在解决设施较多的军事物流基地布局问题上面临较大困难。为解决此问题,提出了改进SLP方法,以军事物流基地设施间综合相互关系为基础,构建平面布局模型,并确定目标函数和主要约束条件。随后对模型的求解进行遗传算法设计,并运用Matlab编程实现模型的求解,从而得出平面布局的最优解。最后以最优解为基础,结合限制条件进行修正,完成军事物流基地设施平面布局设计。     

基于态势预测的无人机防相撞控制方法

针对无人机自主飞行过程中,受空中非协作移动目标威胁较大,且空中移动威胁存在高机动性的特点,提出一种预测移动威胁情况下的无人机防撞控制方法,该方法采用交互多模(IMM)算法预测移动威胁的运动状态,同时利用滚动时域控制(RHC)思想建立无人机运动控制模型,构造有约束目标函数,运用微分进化算法(DE)求解目标函数,获取最优控制量,输入控制模型,完成防撞机动控制。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效解决空中多架航空器同时入侵的防撞问题。     

基于重要性采样的空时分组码快速仿真系统设计

高效的仿真技术对研究提高军事通信的性能具有重要意义。针对传统的蒙特卡罗仿真时间长的问题,提出了基于重要性采样的空时分组码高效仿真方法,给出了仿真模型和实现流程。仿真和分析结果表明本方法在运行较少的时间内能够获得较好的误码性能。采用该高效仿真方法可以加快军事通信技术研究的进程。     

The Telefunken Affairand the internationalisation of the Algerian War, 1957–59

Between 1957 and 1959 the West German company Telefunken and the Bonn government became prime targets in the French army's campaign against the Front de Libération Nationale's (FLN) efforts to establish communications networks. To the French military, the prevention of sales of Telefunken equipment to the FLN or its allies constituted a matter of strategic importance. To the Germans, it was an act of economic protectionism that exposed France's continued misgivings of Germany. The problem exerted a considerable strain between Paris and Bonn, and even threatened to harm German-Arab relations. The Telefunken affair thus highlights the Algerian war's international ramifications. It further reveals the responsibility of the French military in the internationalisation of that war.     

基于XML的海军作战仿真想定设计方法

作战仿真想定是军事仿真系统的重要组成部分,为仿真系统的运行提供了初始态势和作战任务。目前在仿真想定中存在的主要问题是对想定描述的格式和手段不统一,生成的仿真想定可读性和可移植性不好,影响了仿真系统的真实性和可信度。以海军装备应用研究系统为背景,着眼于海军作战仿真想定生成系统的标准化,通过分析海军作战想定描述的层次结构,针对XML技术在数据表达方面的特点和应用,探讨了使用XML表示标准的作战想定开发方法,以潜艇破交任务为例介绍了海军作战想定的设计方法。     

基于HHT军用电源逆变器电力谐波检测分析

电能逆变器是军用电源系统的核心,为提高军用电源输出电压电力谐波分析效果,提出改进型希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)方法的检测分析方法,并设计基于LabVIEW平台的电压谐波检测和分析装置。在研究双闭环控制策略的基础上,针对模态混叠问题,先使用数字滤波器对输出电压信号进行预处理,再进行改进HHT分析,得到输出电压谐波分量的幅频分布,并利用MATLAB对军用电源逆变器模型进行仿真。结果表明该方法可以对军用电源变换器输出谐波分量实时检测和分析,计算精度高,分析效果好,为下一步的谐波抑制方法研究提供有力支持。