解析美国大学TESL硕士培养的主要课程与设置理据——以曼卡托明尼苏达州立大学为例

把英语作为第二语言的教学是20世纪60年代在美国兴起并逐步走向独立的科目,它在综合相关专业的同时正在朝专业化方向发展。近年来其硕士层面的教育为全球培养了大量合格的中小学英语教师,取得了较好的成绩。本文以曼卡托明尼苏达州立大学英语系为例,并结合笔者在该系攻读TESL硕士学位时的经历,解析其主要课程及设置理据。     

球约束凸二次规划的一个算法

针对球约束凸二次规划问题,利用Lagrange对偶将其转化为无约束优化问题,然后运用单纯形法对其求解,获得原问题的最优解。最后,对文中给出的算法给出了论证。     

加强质量文化建设追求卓越质量

本文介绍了武昌造船厂在企业质量文化中,继承和拓展优良传统,牢固树立"100 1"的质量理念,采取特色管理活动,结合生产经营管理实际,把质量文化理念与生产经营深度融合,在企业管理中落地生根,促进质量管理水平不断提高和产品实物质量的持续提升。     

Subspace dynamic‐simplex linear interpolation search for mixed‐integer black‐box optimization problems

Design and management of complex systems with both integer and continuous decision variables can be guided using mixed‐integer optimization models and analysis. We propose a new mixed‐integer black‐box optimization (MIBO) method, subspace dynamic‐simplex linear interpolation search (SD‐SLIS), for decision making problems in which system performance can only be evaluated with a computer black‐box model. Through a sequence of gradient‐type local searches in subspaces of solution space, SD‐SLIS is particularly efficient for such MIBO problems with scaling issues. We discuss the convergence conditions and properties of SD‐SLIS algorithms for a class of MIBO problems. Under mild conditions, SD‐SLIS is proved to converge to a stationary solution asymptotically. We apply SD‐SLIS to six example problems including two MIBO problems associated with petroleum field development projects. The algorithm performance of SD‐SLIS is compared with that of a state‐of‐the‐art direct‐search method, NOMAD, and that of a full space simplex interpolation search, Full‐SLIS. The numerical results suggest that SD‐SLIS solves the example problems efficiently and outperforms the compared methods for most of the example cases. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 305–322, 2017     

Parallel machine scheduling with eligibility constraints: A composite dispatching rule to minimize total weighted tardiness

We study a parallel machine scheduling problem, where a job j can only be processed on a specific subset of machines M_j, and the M_j subsets of the n jobs are nested. We develop a two‐phase heuristic for minimizing the total weighted tardiness subject to the machine eligibility constraints. In the first phase, we compute the factors and statistics that characterize a problem instance. In the second phase, we propose a new composite dispatching rule, the Apparent Tardiness Cost with Flexibility considerations (ATCF) rule, which is governed by several scaling parameters of which the values are determined by the factors obtained in the first phase. The ATCF rule is a generalization of the well‐known ATC rule which is very widely used in practice. We further discuss how to improve the dispatching rule using some simple but powerful properties without requiring additional computation time, and the improvement is quite satisfactory. We apply the Sequential Uniform Design Method to design our experiments and conduct an extensive computational study, and we perform tests on the performance of the ATCF rule using a real data set from a large hospital in China. We further compare its performance with that of the classical ATC rule. We also compare the schedules improved by the ATCF rule with what we believe are Near Optimal schedules generated by a general search procedure. The computational results show that especially with a low due date tightness, the ATCF rule performs significantly better than the well‐known ATC rule generating much improved schedules that are close to the Near Optimal schedules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 249–267, 2017     

基于非线性Kalman滤波的导航系统误差补偿技术

针对非线性非高斯导航系统信息处理问题,采用自组织算法、神经网络和遗传算法等改进传统非线性Kalman滤波算法,构建一种自适应的组合导航系统。应用具有冗余趋势项的自组织算法、Volterra神经网络和遗传算法,建立导航系统误差的非线性预测模型,进而计算得到其预测值;将该预测值与Kalman滤波算法求得的估计值进行比较得到差值,以此监测Kalman滤波算法的工作状态;采用自适应控制方法,在导航系统结构层面改进Kalman滤波算法,构建新型的导航系统误差补偿模型。开展基于导航系统KIND-34的半实物仿真研究,应用所提出的改进方法改善了导航系统误差的补偿效果,提高了组合导航系统的自适应能力和容错能力。     

(修，2撤3)关键几何参数对超声速膨胀器流场和性能影响的数值研究

为了揭示关键几何参数对超声速膨胀器流动特性影响的规律,对3种隔板安装角和5种出进口面积比超声速膨胀器设计工况下的流场进行了数值研究。结果表明：随隔板安装角增加,斜激波向出口迁移,斜激波强度略有降低,超声速膨胀器膨胀比减小,效率提高;随出进口面积比增加,流道内高速区显著扩大并逐渐靠近压力面,斜激波增强,出口流动损失增加,超声速膨胀器膨胀比增大,效率降低。为获得综合性能较优超声速膨胀器结构,需在较小出进口面积比和较大隔板安装角之间做折衷选择。     

纹理影像特征选择及K-means聚类优化方法

Gabor变换和K-means算法是最为常用的纹理分析方法。然而,采用Gabor变换得到的纹理特征向量具有较高的维数,影响算法的运行效率;K-means算法也易受初始类中心的影响而导致分类精度下降。因此,通过Relief算法对采用Gabor变换所提取的纹理特征进行选择,得到合适的纹理特征子集。进一步采用差分进化算法,对K-means算法的聚类中心进行优化从而提高纹理识别精度和效率。实验结果表明:提出的方法所需用到的纹理特征向量的维数相对于原始特征集有大幅降低,较之基本的K-means算法,纹理识别的精度也有较明显的提高。     

用于机动目标跟踪的自适应交互式多模型算法

针对当前统计模型对弱机动或非机动目标跟踪效果不理想等问题,提出了一种修正当前统计模型与匀速模型的自适应交互式多模型算法,可在线修正当前统计模型的加速度极限值,调整过程噪声方差,提高了当前统计模型的自适应性。同时,通过在常规匀速模型中引入机动检测机制,抑制了常规匀速模型对机动目标跟踪的滤波发散,通过引入强跟踪算法,增强了模型对目标突发机动的自适应跟踪能力。仿真结果表明,该算法充分发挥了当前统计模型和交互式多模型算法的优势,对强机动和弱机动目标都具有很好的效果。     

面向工业物流服务的智能车及循迹算法的研究

将工业物流服务的智能循迹小车作为研究对象,并结合循迹算法原理,采用混合遗传算法,设计了智能循迹小车。经测试验证,小车能准确接收配送任务,按需求将物件运送到指定工位并语音播报提示,在行驶过程中能够自动避障,并在执行任务过程中能够将输运信息上传至上位机进行实时数据处理。最后,搭建了工业物流模拟服务平台,实现了对运送全程的追踪记录,进而提高工业生产自动化的程度,降低制造企业的生产成本,促进企业信息化建设。