舰载无人机雷达、通信侦察载荷在海战场打击效果评估中的运用

舰载无人机运用各种侦察载荷对目标进行搜索、定位,并在目标遭受打击后获取各类毁伤信息,是海战场目标打击效果评估过程中至关重要的环节。文章分别从对目标探测定位、毁伤信息获取、突防和返航等阶段,分析了舰载无人机雷达、通信侦察载荷的运用过程,讨论了雷达、通信侦察载荷在目标遭遇打击后毁伤信息获取中的具体应用,提出了雷达、通信侦察载荷在整个打击效果评估过程中使用应注意的问题。     

基于随机漫游模型的协同搜索力最优分配方法

针对多平台协同搜索的最优搜索问题,以多无人机区域搜索任务为背景,将搜索论和随机规划引入到编队协同搜索中,建立了环境模型、无人机模型、传感器模型;为了解决目标丢失后的“应召”搜索问题,建立了目标的随机漫游模型;通过对搜索力最优分配问题的分析,认为其实质为一类线性规划问题,提出了一种基于递归原理的解算方法;最后,通过仿真计算,证明了该随机漫游模型的合理性,并验证了所提算法的有效性。     

A branch‐and‐bound‐based solution approach for dynamic rerouting of airborne platforms

This article is a sequel to a recent article that appeared in this journal, “An extensible modeling framework for dynamic reassignment and rerouting in cooperative airborne operations” [ 17 ], in which an integer programming formulation to the problem of rescheduling in‐flight assets due to changes in battlespace conditions was presented. The purpose of this article is to present an improved branch‐and‐bound procedure to solve the dynamic resource management problem in a timely fashion, as in‐flight assets must be quickly re‐tasked to respond to the changing environment. To facilitate the rapid generation of attractive updated mission plans, this procedure uses a technique for reducing the solution space, supports branching on multiple decision variables simultaneously, incorporates additional valid cuts to strengthen the minimal network constraints of the original mathematical model, and includes improved objective function bounds. An extensive numerical analysis indicates that the proposed approach significantly outperforms traditional branch‐and‐bound methodologies and is capable of providing improved feasible solutions in a limited time. Although inspired by the dynamic resource management problem in particular, this approach promises to be an effective tool for solving other general types of vehicle routing problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

飞行操作任务的无人机模拟训练及系统设计

为了提高无人机模拟训练的逼真度和沉浸感.研究了无人机飞行操作训练的关键技术,以半实装的形式构建了模拟飞行训练系统的体系结构.通过对飞行操作训练关键技术的研究和飞行操作模拟训练系统的设计,可以对基层部队的无人机地面操控手高逼真模拟训练提供理论基础和系统支持.     

无人机技术中国专利分布情况及其专利情报运用

无人机技术是近年兴起的一项涵盖领域宽、技术难度高、战场和市场应用前景均十分广阔的前沿技术.文章分析了1986年-2012年份期间在中国申请的、其专利名称、权利要求和摘要中包含有“无人机”、“无人驾驶飞机”或者“无人驾驶飞行器”等关键词的专利检索结果分布情况.文章对如何在国防科研中积极有效地运用专利情报以及加强科研过程中的保密工作提出了建议.     

基于鲁棒高阶容积滤波的无人机相对导航状态估计方法

由于无人机相对导航系统具有非线性强、噪声非高斯的特点,传统的基于卡尔曼滤波算法设计的相对导航滤波器存在估计失准甚至发散的问题。考虑到高阶容积卡尔曼滤波和最大熵滤波算法分别在解决非线性问题和非高斯问题时的优势,利用最大熵滤波的量测更新方法对高阶容积卡尔曼滤波的测量更新方程进行了改进,将传统的量测更新问题转换成了线性衰退的求解问题,避免了对测量噪声进行高斯假设,同时解决了系统非线性和量测噪声非高斯的问题。进行了相应的数学仿真,仿真结果表明:所提算法的估计精度超过了高阶容积卡尔曼滤波和最大熵滤波算法的,验证了算法的有效性。     

近似平面场景多视点图像拼接算法

以小型无人机对地观测为应用背景,研究了近似平面场景多视点图像拼接问题。对于已知粗略相机位姿的情况,提出一种融合相机位姿信息和图像特征点对应信息的方法,采用直接稀疏Cholesky分解方法求解拼接全局优化问题。由该方法得到的拼接结果没有全局变形,局部拼接误差也得到了明显的改善。对于相机位姿未知的情况,先采用structure-from-motion(SFM)方法恢复相机姿态和场景稀疏结构信息,再采用稀疏全局调整方法获得最终的图像变换参数。通过沙盘图像和真实的航拍图像拼接实验验证了算法的有效性。     

无人机的电子战运用及对未来电子战的影响

在“零伤亡”作战思想的指引下,随着计算机、人工智能等技术的日臻成熟,无人机的发展风起云涌。近年来,无人机在战术运用方面更是突破了传统的侦察领域,逐步涉足攻击甚至电子攻击等领域。通过回顾无人机在近代历次军事冲突中的运用,分析无人机运用于电子战的优势,探讨无人机在电子战中的运用及可能的运用情况,最后指出无人机运用于电子战后对未来电子战的影响。     

引入优化算子的无人机遗传航路规划算法研究

在大范围真实地形环境中规划出满足任务要求、导航、安全性等约束的较优航路,对提高无人机(UAV)的武器系统性能有重要意义。在基于直接航路编码的遗传算法中引入优化操作算子,将复杂约束合理地应用于遗传进化过程,可以较好地克服一般遗传操作的不足。采用均匀设计的试验方法确定较优的控制参数,并通过算例验证了算法的有效性。     

Conditional commitments: Why states use caveats to reserve their efforts in military coalition operations

Why do states make substantial military contributions to coalition operations, while at the same time apply reservations, or caveats, to how the coalition can use the military contributions? Caveats rose to prominence in defense and policy circles with NATO’s campaign in Afghanistan. In the scholarly security literature, the term remains a buzzword for all types of reserved efforts by states in coalition warfare, but there are few theoretical accounts addressing caveats. This article contributes to the knowledge gap on caveats through a comparative case study of Denmark’s, the Netherlands’, and Norway’s contributions to NATO’s intervention in Libya in 2011. It demonstrates that caveats can occur through three different causal pathways: compromises from domestic bargaining, handling of alliance commitments, and implementation and civil–military relations. Insights into the complexity that causes caveats are highly relevant for both political and military decision-makers that are trying to coordinate states’ effort in coalition operations.