The effect of al particle size on thermal decomposition,mechanical strength and sensitivity of Al/ZrH2/PTFE composite

To study the thermal decomposition of Al/ZrH2/PTFE with different Al particle size as well as mechanical strength and impact sensitivity under medium and low strain rates, molding-vacuum sintering was adopted to prepare four groups of power materials and cylindrical specimens with different Al particle size. The active decomposition temperature of ZrH2 was obtained by TG-DSC, and the quasi-static me-chanics/reaction characteristics as well as the impact sensitivity of the specimen were studied respec-tively by quasi-static compression and drop-hammer test. The results show that the yield strength of the material decreased with the increase of the Al particle size, while the compressive strength, failure strain and toughness increased first and then decreased, which reached the maximum values of 116.61 MPa, 191％, and 119.9 MJ/m respectively when the Al particle size is 12—14μm because of particle size grading. The specimens with the highest strength and toughness formed circumferential open cracks and reacted partly when pressed. Those with developmental cracks formed inside did not react. It is considered that fracture of specimens first triggered initial reaction between Al and PTFE to release an amount of heat. Then ZrH2 was activated and decomposed, and participated in subsequent reaction to generate ZrC. The impact sensitivity of the specimens decreased with the increase of Al particle size.     

一种基于Q-R矩阵分解的自适应滤波算法

由于计算误差等因素的影响,致使滤波协方差阵不对称或负定,从而导致滤波器发散,影响滤波算法的收敛速度和稳定性。在机动加速度"当前"统计自适应卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,引入了基于Q-R矩阵分解的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。将协方差阵分解为两个矩阵的乘积,来保证协方差矩阵的正定性。仿真结果表明,该算法可以较好地跟踪机动目标,具有精度高、稳定好、收敛快等特点。     

给定任务和模式下指挥体系节点重要性评估方法

针对一般节点重要度评估方法没有考虑指挥体系网络与外界的交互以及自身运行机制的问题,研究了指挥节点的重要度评估方法,在一般网络结构重要度分析基础上,综合作战任务和指挥模式对节点的需求,提出了作战任务对节点依赖度以及指挥模式对节点依赖度的计算方法,最后设计了评估算法并给出具体算法流程,案例分析结果证明该算法合理、有效。     

舰艇编队海上运输补给物资需求预测方法

按照是否与任务、事件相关,将物资需求分为两类,对于任务、事件相关物资需求的预测,将任务进行合理的分解,并根据物资消耗与任务、事件之间的关系,给出了预测的一般模型;对于与任务、事件联系不紧密的物资需求的预测,则根据历史经验及该物资固有的消耗规律,提出了经验预测模型。为了解决舰艇编队海上运输补给物资需求预测所存在的问题,利用案例推理的方法生成了预测所需的样本数据,以最小二乘向量机(LSSVM)模型为预测模型,并以岛屿进攻作战的防空弹药需求预测为例进行了实例分析。结果表明:案例推理生成的样本数据可用,选用LSSVM模型的预测结果与其他预测模型表现出了一致性,但LSSVM相对误差较小;该方法在某种程度上解决了样本数据有限的问题,适用于作战物资需求的预测问题。     

Preparation of ammonium nitrate-based solid composite propellants supplemented with polyurethane/nitrocellulose blends binder and their thermal decomposition behavior

To improve the performance of solid composite propellants (SCPs) supplemented with ammonium nitrate (AN) as an oxidizer, the incorporation of energetic ingredients such as explosives, energetic binders or catalysts is a common effective approach. For this purpose, polyurethane (PU), a typical inert binder, was mixed with nitrocellulose (NC) as an energetic polymer. Numerous composite solid propellant compositions based on AN and NC-modified polyurethane binder with different NC ratios were prepared. The prepared formulations were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), RAMAN spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron densimetry, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A kinetic study was then performed using the iterative Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (It-KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (It-FWO), and non-linear Vyazovkin integral with compensation effect (VYA/CE) methods. The theoretical performances, such as theoretical specific impulse, adiabatic flame temperature, and ideal exhaust gaseous species, were also determined using the NASA Lewis Code, Chemical Equilibrium with Application (CEA). Spectroscopic examinations revealed the existence of NC and full polymerization of PU in the prepared propellants. According to density tests, the density of the propellant increases as the nitrocellulose component increases. According to the thermal analysis and kinetics study, the increase in NC content catalyzed the thermal decomposition of the AN-based composite solid propellants. Based on the theoretical study, increasing the amount of NC in the propellant increased the specific impulse and, as a result, the overall performance.     

Estimation of the kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition of HNIW and its adiabatic time-to-explosion by Kooij formula

A differential/integral method to estimate the kinetic parameters (apparent activation energy E_a and pre-exponential factor A) for thermal decomposition reaction of energetic materials based on Kooij formula are applied to study the nonisothermal decomposition reaction kinetics of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) by analyzing nonisothermal DSC curve data. The apparent activation energy (E_a) obtained by the integral isoconversional non-isothermal method based on Kooij formula is used to check the constancy and validity of apparent activation energy by the differential/integral method based on Kooij formula. The most probable mechanism function of thermal decomposition reaction of HNIW is determined by a logical choice method. The equations for calculating the critical temperatures of thermal explosion (T_b) and adiabatic time-to-explosion (t_TIad) based on Kooij formula are used to calculate the values of T_b and t_TIad to evaluate the thermal safety and heat-resistant ability of HNIW. All the original data needed for analyzing the kinetic parameters are from nonisothermal DSC curves. The results show that the kinetic model function in differential form and the values of E_a and A of decomposition reaction of HNIW are 3(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]^2/3, 152.73 kJ mol⁻¹ and 10^11.97 s⁻¹, respectively, and the values of self-accelerating decomposition temperature (T_SADT), T_b and t_TIad are 486.55 K, 493.11 K and 52.01 s, respectively.     

基于状态评估的复杂系统任务成功性评估

给出了基于状态评估的复杂任务成功性评估模型,通过任务分解确定相关功能单元,而后利用D-S证据理论对相关功能单元的技术状态展开评估,结合具体任务剖面与技术状态评估结果实现对复杂系统的任务成功性评估。最后以实例表明该方法运用在某型装甲装备任务成功性评估上的有效性和实用性。     

基于改进经验AM-FM解调的复杂信号瞬时特征分析方法

分析了Hilbert变换在计算复杂单分量信号瞬时特征时存在的不足,研究了一种称为经验AM-FM解调的信号瞬时特征计算方法,并对算法进行了改进.针对其在计算瞬时频率时易受噪声影响的不足,提出将该算法与加权平滑相位差分法相结合来抑制噪声的影响.结合经验模式分解和改进的经验AM-FM解调算法,提出了一种适合复杂多分量信号解调...     

GPS动态定位中整周模糊度的快速解算

在导航中快速和高精度GPS定位需要解算差分载波相位的整周模糊度值.目前整周模糊度的求解方法,丢失了对提高未知参数估值精度很有用的历元信息,并且在去相关过程中必须使方差阵为正定阵,不仅解算难度大,还可能出现病态分解,使得去相关失败.提出了一种GPS整周模糊度的快速解算方法,首先利用卡尔曼算法求解整周模糊度的浮点解;其次确定搜索空间,对协方差阵进行Cholesky分解,削弱其相关性;最后用ratio检验得出最终解.通过理论推导和基于实测数据的仿真分析表明,卡尔曼算法有效地利用多历元信息提高了浮点解的精度,并且在去相关过程中解决了方差阵必须为正定阵的问题,避免出现病态分解,使得搜索空间得到明显的改善,提高了效率,具有实际的应用价值.     

军队人力资源培训问题的整数线性规划模型

文章研究了军队人力资源培训问题,并基于时间和费用两个指标,建立了一个满足培训时间约束且费用最省的0-1整数线性规划模型,给出了基于Lagrange松驰分解的模型求解算法。在算法中,采用一种简单可行的Lagrange乘子更新方法代替传统的次梯度法。另外,文章证明了算法获得最优解的两个充分条件,计算实例初步表明给出的算法是行之有效的。