An economic lot‐sizing problem with perishable inventory and economies of scale costs: Approximation solutions and worst case analysis

The costs of many economic activities such as production, purchasing, distribution, and inventory exhibit economies of scale under which the average unit cost decreases as the total volume of the activity increases. In this paper, we consider an economic lot‐sizing problem with general economies of scale cost functions. Our model is applicable to both nonperishable and perishable products. For perishable products, the deterioration rate and inventory carrying cost in each period depend on the age of the inventory. Realizing that the problem is NP‐hard, we analyze the effectiveness of easily implementable policies. We show that the cost of the best Consecutive‐Cover‐Ordering (CCO) policy, which can be found in polynomial time, is guaranteed to be no more than (4 + 5)/7 ≈ 1.52 times the optimal cost. In addition, if the ordering cost function does not change from period to period, the cost of the best CCO policy is no more than 1.5 times the optimal cost. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

高超音速粘性流场数值计算中差分格式的对比分析

本文通过三维高超音速粘性流场的求解对三种常用的差分格式： Ｈａｒｔｅｎ 的 Ｔ Ｖ Ｄ 格式、修正后的 Ｏｓｈｅｒ Ｃｈａｋｒａｖａｒｔｈｙ 的 Ｔ Ｖ Ｄ 格式以及 Ｊａｎｅｓｏｎ 的当地极值递减 （ Ｌ Ｅ Ｄ） 格式对激波的分辨率、边界层计算的准确性和格式的计算效率等三个方面进行了较细致的对比分析， 为三维高超音速复杂流场的数值模拟打下基础。     

激波灭火技术的初步研究

讨论了激波灭火技术的基本原理， 给出可行的研究路线。采用新型的计算效率较高的ＥＮＯ差分格式， 从非定常ＥＵＬＥＲ方程出发， 对近地爆炸波产生的流场进行数值模拟， 分析后认为控制爆炸波后风场是关键。     

分布参数管道的一种改进的小分段数有限元模型

在分段数为１和２时，现有有限元模型的一阶谐振频率比一维分布参数模型的一阶谐振频率低许多，因而其适用的频率范围较低，计算精度较差。本文提出了一种改进的小分段数有限元模型，通过修正流体管道的并联导纳使分段数为１和２时的有限元模型的一阶谐振频率与一维分布参数模型一致，从而提高了其使用的频率范围和计算精度。利用单根管道阀门关闭的水击问题的仿真计算对改进模型的效果进行了验证。在分段数为２时，原有的有限元模型的计算结果与分布参数模型的计算结果相差较大，而改进后的模型的计算结果与分布参数模型的计算结果基本一致。     

正则化方法在拉普拉斯数值反演中的应用

本文用正则化方法给出了拉普拉斯变换的数值反演方法,并考虑了问题的不适定性,此方法在实际中有较强的应用价值.     

价值工程在引信方案论证中的应用

本文结合我国引信产品方案论证的实际,论述了应用价值工程原理,综合考虑引信战术性能、可靠性、安全性、寿命、费用等进行引信方案论证的方法、步骤和原则。     

空空导弹攻击区处理的拟合——插值法

用最小二乘拟合与插值相结合的方法对空空导弹的发射包线进行处理,降低了拟合阶次。数字仿真结果表明,该方法不但在平常发射条件下极大地提高了拟合的精度和速度,而且在一些传统方法几乎无法使用的异常情况下仍有较好的结果。     

属性约简与近似集的关系研究

上近似和下近似是在粗集理论中最基本的概念,而粗集理论的主要思想又是在保持分类能力不变的前提下通过对属性的约简导出问题的决策和分类规则。本文讨论了属性的约简和相对约简与上近似和下近似的关系,并在此基础上提出了一种新的相对约简———保近似约简。     

高精度高分辨率WENO格式分析与改进

高精度、高分辨率计算格式对提高超声速复杂流场的计算水平有重要的意义。WENO格式是在ENO格式基础上发展起来的一类新型高精度、高分辨率格式,本文在格式加权算法理论和数值分析的基础,对加权算法进行了改进,通过模型问题应用可以看出:改进后格式权值的计算更为光滑,仍具有高精度、高分辨率的性质,并克服了随网格变化而出现的波动现象。     

Balancing perfectly periodic service schedules: An application from recycling and waste management

A national recycling and waste management company provides periodic services to its customers from over 160 service centers. The services are performed periodically in units of weeks over a planning horizon. The number of truck‐hours allocated to this effort is determined by the maximum weekly workload during the planning horizon. Therefore, minimizing the maximum weekly workload results in minimum operating expenses. The perfectly periodic service scheduling (PPSS) problem is defined based on the practices of the company. It is shown that the PPSS problem is strongly NP‐hard. Attempts to solve large instances by using an integer programming formulation are unsuccessful. Therefore, greedy BestFit heuristics with three different sorting schemes are designed and tested for six real‐world PPSS instances and 80 randomly generated data files. The heuristics provide effective solutions that are within 2% of optimality on average. When the best found BestFit schedules are compared with the existing schedules, it is shown that operational costs are reduced by 18% on average. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 59: 160–171, 2012